The Pali Text Society's Pali-English dictionary - Tuninst.net

Rata 21 Rati
below ; also late at Mhvs 35, 69 (Subhar&jag ra^e
hantvi). — 2. intoxication, desire, sin, fault. This
meaning is the Buddhist development of Vedic rai)a =
enjoyment. Various influences have played a part in
determining the meaning & its expl' in the scholastic
terms of the dogmatists and exegetics. It is often
expl^ as papa or raga. The Tiki on DhsA 50 (see
Expos. 67) gives the foil, expl"" (late &' speculative)
(a) = reQU, dust or mist of lust etc. ; (b) fight, war (against
the Paths) ;
(c) pain, anguish & distress. — The trsl»
(Expos. 67) takes raija as " cause of grief," or " harm,"
hence arana " harmless " and sarana " harmful " (the
latter trsl"" as " concomitant with war " by Dks. Irsl. of
Dhs 1294 ; and asarana as opp. " not concomitant " ;
doubtful). At S 1. 148 (rupe raQai) disv&) it is almost
syn. with raja. Bdhgh. expl^ this passage (see K.S.
320) as " rupamhi j&ti-jari-bhanga-sankh&tai) dosar),"
trsl* {K.S. 186): " discerning canker in visible objects
material."
The term is not sufl&ciently cleared yet. At Th 2,
358 we read "(kamil) appassJdi ranakar& sukkapakkha-visosana,"
and v. 360 reads " rai^Lar) karitvi
kamanai)." ThA 244 expl= v. 358 by " rig' adi sambandhanato"
; v. 360 by " kimanar) rapar) te ca maya
katabbai) ariyamaggag sampaharai) katva." The first
is evidently " grief," the second " fight," but the trsl«
{Sisters 145) gives " stirring strife " for v. 358, and
" fight with worldly lusts " for v. 360 ; whereas Kern,
Toev. a. v. raiiiakara gives " causing sinful desire " as
trsl .
The word arana (see arapa') was regarded as neg.
of rava in both meanings (i & 2 ) ; thus either " freedom
fr. passion " or " not fighting." The trsl» of DhsA 50
{Expos. 67) takes it in a slightly difi. sense as " harm-
less " (i. e. having no grievous causes). — At M 111.235
ara^a is a quasi summing up of " adukkha an-upaghata
anupayasa etc.," and sarana of their positives. Here
a meaning like " harmfuiness " & " harmlessness "
seems to be fitting. Other passages of arana see under
arana.
-jaha (raijaiijaha) giving up desires or sin, leaving
causes of harmfuiness behind. The expression is
old and stereotype. It has caused trouble among
interpreters : Trenckner would like to read ranafljaya
" victorious in battle " {Motes 83). It is abo BSk.,
e. g. Lai. Vist. 50 ; Av6 H.131 (see Speyer's note 3 on
this page. He justifies trsl* " pacifier, peace-maker ").
At foil, passages : S 1.52 (trsl* " quitting corruption ")
It io8 (Seidenstucker trsl' : " dem Kampfgewiihl entronnen
"); Miln 21 ;
Nett 54; Sdbp 493, 569.
RfttA [pp. of ramati] delighting in (loc. or -"), intent on.
devoted to S iv.117 (dhamme jh&ne), 389 sq. (bhava°
etc.); Sn 54 (sangapika°) 212, 250, 327, 330 (dhamme),
461 (yaiiiie), 737 (upasame); Mhvs. i, 44 (mahakanijjiko
Satthasabba-loka-hiterato) ; 32, 84 (ratopuflfle)
PvA 3, 13, 19 ("manasa).
Batana* (nt.) [cp. Vedic ratna, gift; the BSk. form is
ratna (Divy 26) as well as ratana {Avi n.i99)] '• (•>*)
a gem, jewel VvA 321 (not = ratana', as Hardy in Index)
PvA 53 (nanavidhani). — The 7 ratanas are enumi"
under vejuriya (Miln 267). They are (the precious
minerals) suvaona, rajata, uiutta, maiji. vejuriya,
vajjra, pavala. (So at Abhp 490.) These 7 are said
to be used in the outfit of a ship to give it more splendour
: J II. 1 12. The 7 (unspecified) are mentioned at
Th 2. 487 (satta ratanani vasseyya vutthima " all seven
kinds of gems ") ; and at DhA 1.274, where it is said of
a ratana-manijapa that in it there were raised flags
" sattaratana-maya." On ratana in similes see J.P.T.S.
1909, 127. — 2. (fig.) treasure, gem of (-°) Sn 836
(etadisai) r. = dibb' itthi-ratana SnA 544); Miln 262
(dussa° 3 very fine garment). — Usually as a set of 7
valuables, belonging to the throne (the empire) of a
(world-) king. Thus at D 11.16 sq. ; of Maha-Sudassana
D 11.172 sq. They are enum* singly as follows: the
wheel (cakka) D 11.172 sq., the elephant (hatthi, called
Uposatha) D 11.174, 187, 197; the horse (assa, Valihaka)
ibid. ; the gem (mai^i) D ii.i 75, 187 ; the woman
(itthi) ibid.; the treasurer (gahapati) D 11.176, 188;
the adviser (pari^ayaka) ibid. The same 7 are enum""
at D 1.89 ; Sn p. 106 ; DA 1.250 ; also at J iv.232, where
their origins (homes) are given as : cakka° out of Cakkadaha
; hatthi from the Upasatha-race ; assa° from the
clan of Valfthassaraja. ma^i" from VepuUa, and the last
3 without specification. See also remarks on gahapati.
Kern, Toev. 8. v. ratana suspects the latter to
be originally " major domus " (cp. his attributes as
" wealthy " at MVastu 1.108). As to the exact meaning
of pario&yaka he is doubtful, which mythical tradition
has obscured. — The 7 (moral) ratanas at S 11.217 &
111.83 are probably the same as are given in detail at
Miln 336, viz. the 5 : sUa°, samadhi°, paflfia", vimutti",
vimutti-fiaQadassana (also given under the collective
name sila-kkhandha or dhamma-kkhandha), to which
are added the 2 : pafisambhida" & bojjhanga°. These
7 are probably meant at PvA 66, where it is said that
Sakka " endowed their house with the 7 jewels " (sattar.-bharitag
katva). — Very frequent is a Triad of Gems
(ratana-ttaya), consisting of Dhamma, Sangha, Buddha,
or the Doctrine, the Church and the Buddha [cp. BSk.
ratna-traya Divy 481], e. g. Mhvs 5, 81 ; VbhA 384;
VvA 123 ; PvA I, 49. 141.
-ikara a pearl-mine, a mine of precious metals Th i,
1049; J II. 414; VI.459; Dpvs 1.18. -kuta a jewelled
top DhA 1.159. -palivethana a wrapper for a gem or
jewel Pug 34. -vara the best of gems Sn 683 ( = vararatana-bhflta
SnA 486). -wtta the Suttanta of the
(3) Treasures (viz. Dhamma, Sangha, Buddha), representing
Sutta Nipata 11. i (P.T.S. ed. pp. 39-42). men-
tioned as a paritti at Vism 414 (with 4 others) and at
Miln 150 (with 5 others), cp. KhA 63 ; SnA 201.
Ratana* [most likely =Sk. aratni : see ratani] a linear
measure (which Abhp p. 23 gives as equal to 12 angula,
or 7 ratanas=l yatthi : see Kirfel, Kosmographie,
P- 335- The same is given by Bdhgh. at VbhA : 343
dve vidatthiyo ratanag ; satta r. yatthi) J v. 36 (visagr-satai))
; vi.401 (°mattai)) ; VvA 32 1 (so given by Hardy
in Index as " measure of length," but to be taken as
ratana', as indicated clearly by context & C); Miln
282 (satta-patitthito attha-ratan' ubbedho nava-ratan'
ayama-paripaho pasadiko dassaniyo Uposatho nagaraja
: alluding to ratana' 2 I).
Ratanaka (-°) (adj.) [ratana-l-ka, the ending belonging
to the whole cpd.] characteristic of a gem, or a king's
treasure ; in phrase aniggata-ratanake " When the
treasure has not gone out " Vin iv.160. where the chief
queen is meant with " treasure."
Ratani [Sk. aratni " elbow " with apocope and diaeresis
given at Halayudha 2, 381 as " a cubit, or measure
from the elbow to the tip of the little finger." The
form ratni also occurs in Sk. The etym. is fr. Idg.
•ole (to bend), cp. Av. ar9|>na elbow; Sk. arala bent;
of which enlarged bases *olen in Lat. ulna, ond •oleq
in Lat. lacertus, Sk. lakutab = P. laguja. See cognates
in Walde. Lat. Wlb. s, v. lacertus] a cubit Miln 83 (attha
rataniyo).
Ratanika (adj.) [fr. ratana] a ratana in length J 1.7
(a^^ha"); Miln 312 (attha°).
Rati (f.) [Classic 'Sk. rati, fr. ram] love, attachment,
pleasure, liking for (loc.), fondness of S 1.IJ3 (°g paccanubhavati),
207; iu.256 ; Sn 41 ( = anukkhanthit'
adhivacanag Nd* 537). 59 ('d.). 270, 642, 956 ( = nek-
khamma-rati paviveka", upasama° Nd' 457); J 111.377
(kilesa°) ; DhA iv.225 ; PvA
77. —arati dislike, aversion