The Pali Text Society's Pali-English dictionary - Tuninst.net

Buddha 112 Buddha
dhanar) Bhagavantanai) bodhiya mule . . . paiiiSatti)
Nd^ 458 & Ps 1.
1 74. — There are 2 sorts of B's, viz.
Pacceka-buddhas or Buddhas who attain to complete
enlightenment, but do not preach the way of deliverance
to the world, and Sammasambuddhas, who are
omniscient and endowed with the 10 powers (see bala),
and whose mission is to proclaim the saving truth to
all beings (cp. Miln 106). In this function the B's are
Sattharo or teachers. Masters. In his role of a preeminent
man a Buddha is styled Bhagava or Lord :
Buddho so Bhagava M 1.235; Pv ii.9*' = DhA III. 219.
— Besides the 18 dhamma and the 10 balani they are
gifted with the 4 vesarajjani (A 11.9, cp. Miln 106).
These teachers appear upon the earth from time to
time; the approach of the birth of a B. (buddh'-uppada)
is hailed by the acclamation of the worlds, they live
the houseless life and found an Order (Buddha-pamukha
bhikkhu-sangha Sn p. in ; Sn 81, 386; Miln 212 ;
19). The news that a B. has appeared
DA
1.242 ; PvA
upon earth is a cause of the greatest rejoicing : opportunity
to see him is eagerly sought (Vin n. 15,5 ; S 1.2 10 ;
DA 1.248). The B. is always born in a brahmana or
khattiya family. It is impossible here to give all the
references for the Buddhas or Buddhahood in general
see e. g. Vin 111.24 sq. ; Dh 182 sq., 194. 195 (=samma
sambuddha DhA in. 252). 387; J 1.51 ; 111.128; Vism
442 (pubba-buddha) ; PvA 20. — The remembrance of
former births a B. shares with other classes of privileged
beings, only in a different (higher) degree. This faculty,
(in an ascending scade) is possessed by the foil. 6 classes :
titthiya, pakati-savaka, maha-savaka, agga-savaka,
pacceka-buddha, buddha (see Vism 411). — B. The
word Buddha is specially apphed to the Buddha pf the
present world-age, Gotc^ma by family-name. He is
said to be the 25"" of the series of former Buddhas
(pubba buddha) S 1.109, 140 ; iv.52. — Seven Buddhas
are mentioned in the earlier texts & frequently referred
to (cp. the 7 Rishis of the Vedic period, see also under
satta, No. 7). They are Vipassi, Sikhi, Vessabhii,
Kakusandha, Konagamana, Kassapa and Gotama
(D II. 5-7 ; S 11.5-11 ; cp. Th i, 491 ; J n.147). They are
also mentioned in an old formula against snake-bites
(Vin II. 1 10). The (allegorical) names of the predecessors
of these in former ages are Dipankara, Kondailna, Mangala,
Sumana, Revata, Sobhita, Anomadassi, Paduma,
Narada, Padumuttara, Sumedha, Sujata, PiyadassI,
Atthadassi, Dhammadassi, Siddhattha, Tissa, Phussa.
— The typical career of a Buddha is illustrated in
the life of Gotama and the legends connected with his
birth, as they appear in later tradition. Before his last
existence he practised the 10 perfections (paramita,
q. V.) for many ages, & finally descended from the
Tusita Heaven (see Buddhavagsa). He was born in a
khattiya family and was distinguished by the 32 signs
of a great man (Mahapurisa-lakkhanani see D 11. 17 sq.
and similar passages ; cp. Ud 48). His mother Maya
bore him painlessly and died seven days after his birth
M HI.118 sq. — The story of each of the 25 Buddhas is
given in the Buddhavagsa, quoted in the introductory
chapters of the Jatak' atthakatha. — Convinced that
asceticism was not the way to enlightenment, he
renounced austerities. He became enlightened when
seated in meditation under an Assattha tree (Ficus
religiosa, hence called Bodhi or Bo tree). At the
supreme moment he was tempted by Mara, but vanquished
the evil one. He was then ready to depart,
but resolved to remain in the world and preach the
truth (M I. i6g : Vin 1.6 ; a rather diff. account A 11.20).
That day he knew and proclaimed himself to be the
Buddha and his career as a teacher began (M 1.171 ;
Vin 1.9; Sn 558). — Like all the other Samma-sam
buddhas he founded an Order, converting and gladdening
men by his discourses. After a long life of teaching
he attained Nibbana (nibbanar) adhigacchi), and
passed utterly away: S 1.2 10; D 11. 156; Sn 83, 513,
1 133 sq. ; Miln 96. — The Epithets attributed to all the
Buddhas are naturally assigned also to Gotama Buddha.
Out of the almost endless series of these we only give
a few. He is adored as the highest and holiest of men
(S 1.47 ; III. 84 : loke anuttaro, lokassa aggo ; Miln 70).
He is the supremely wise, the conqueror of the powers
of darkness, the teacher of gods (devas and yakkhas)
and men S 1.50, 132, 206. 301 ; A 1.142 ; 11. 33 ; 111.65 ;
Sn 157 sq. He is the adicca-bandhu kinsman of the
sun S 1. 1 86; and compared to a universal monarch
(raja cakkavatti) A 1.76 ; in. 150 and to the lion (siha),
the king of the animals A in. 122. He is buddha-vira
; the refuge of all beings M 11.305 ; 1.233 '
Th I, 47 DA
Miln 95; further appatipuggala S 11 34; his teaching
leads to enlightenment, to self-conquest, to security &
deliverance M 1.235; Sn 454, 993; DA 1.230. He
himself is not to be reborn (antima-sariro with his last
body) S 1.2 10 ; he is vimutto, freed & has come to the
'• end of sorrow A iv.258 ; S 111.65 f"" o^ compassion for
all beings S 1.25, 51 _M 11. ; 100; he is bhisakko the
physician A IV.34O ; magga-ntiu, magga-vidu, maggakovidoS
111.66. — Under Buddh' anussati (Vism 198 sq.)
we find the famous formula Bhagava Arahar) Sammasambuddho
vijja-carana-sampanno sugato lokavidu
anuttaro purisa-damma-sarathi Sattha devamanussanai)
buddho Bhagava (D i.49j=£(), analysed & exegetically
discussed. Here (p. 209) " Buddha " is expH with the
formula as found at Ps l.i 74 ; Nd' 457. More explicitly
with var. epithets at the latter passage. This formula
is one of the highest & most comprehensive characterisations
of a Buddha, & occurs frequently in the Canon,
e. g. M 1. 179; S 11.69; V.343. — A khattiya by birth he
is called a brahmana because he carries on the sacred
tradition, and because he excels in wisdom, self-control
and virtue Miln 225.
-inubuddha enlightened after the Enlightened one
Th I, 679, 124b (trsl"" " who next to our Great Waked
one was awoke"). -4nubhava the majestic power of
the B. PvA 38, 171. -Snussati mindfulness of the
B., one of the 6 anussatis (B.-, dhamma°, sangha", s!la°,
caga°, devata") D in. 250. 280 ; Vism 132 (where followed
by upasamanussati and 4 other qualities making up the
piti-sambojjh'anga ; see anussati), 197 sq. (the 10, as
mentioned under anussati). -ankura a nascent (lit.
sprouting) Buddha, one who is destined to be a B.
DhA 1.83. -antara a Buddha-interval, the period
between the appearance of one Buddha & the next
Miln ; 3 DhA 1.201 (the 4 last ones) ;
iv.201 ; PvA 10, 14,
21, 47, 191. -arammana having its foundation or cause
in the B., in "piti joy, caused by contemplation of a B.
J 111.405 ; Vism 143 (here as ubbega-piti). -upatthana
B. -worship DhA i.ioi ; PvA 93. -uppada the coming
into existence of a Buddha, time or age in which a B.
was born (opp. buddh' antara), a.Buddha-period J 1.59;
Mhbv 12; VbhA 50; ThA 28. -kara making a B.,
bringing about Buddhahood J 1.20. -karaka = ''kara
Mhbv g. -kala the time of a B. Vism 91 (Buddhakalo
viya pavattati it is like the time of the B.) -kula
Buddha-clan SnA 532 (B.-pita, °mata ibid.), -kolahala
the announcement of a Buddha, one of the 5
kolahalas (q. v.) KhA 121, cp. J 1.48. -khetta field or
region of (or for the existence of) a Buddha Vism 414
(divided into 3 spheres : jatikkhetta, anakkhetta,
visayakkhetta, see khetta). -gata directed or referring
to the B. S 1.2 1 1 (sati) Dh ; 296. -guna quality of a
B., virtue, character of a Buddha J 1.27; 11147;
Bu II. 177; Mbhv 80; KhA 121 (cp. App.). -cakkhu
the eye of a Buddha, i. e. an eye (or the faculty) of
2 ; see discussed in
ThA complete intuition Vin 1.6 ;
detail at Nd^ 359 =Nd'' 235*; cp. cakkhu. -fiana
knowledge of a B.. which is boundless (cp. Saddh. 73,
J.P.T.S. 1887, 40) Bu 1.64 (appameyya) ; x.5 (cuddasa).
-dhamma Buddhahood Miln 276; pi. condition or
attributes pf a B. J 1.20 ; referred to as 6 at Nd' 143 =
Nd^ 466 (bhagi channai) "anan ti Bhagava), as 18 at