The Pali Text Society's Pali-English dictionary - Tuninst.net

Payogata 41 Para
-karana exertion, pursuit, occupation DhA in. 238
-vipatti failure of means, wrong application PvA 117,
136. -sampatti success of means VvA 30, 32. -suddhi
excellency of means, purity in application DhsA 165 ;
VvA 61 >. -hina deficient in exertion or application
Miln 288.
Payogata (f.) [fr. payoga] application (to) Vism 131
(majjhatta°).
Payojana (nt.) [fr. pa + yuj] i- undertaking, business
PvA 201. — 2. appointment J 1.143. — 3. prescript,
injunction DhsA 403. — 4. purpose, application, use
Sdhp 395.
Payojita [pp. of payojeti] I. connected with, directed to.
applied SnA 565. — 2. instigated, directed Miln 3.
Payojeti [Caus. of payufijati] i. to undertake, engage in.
begin D 1.71 (kammante "set a business on foot");
A 11.82 (kammantar)) ; Sn 404 (vanijjag) ; J i.Oi ;
PvA 130 (kammag). — 2. to prepare, apply, use, put
to, employ PvA 46 (bhesajjai) cunnena saddhig). —
3. to engage, take into service, set to, hire J 1.173;
11.417. — 4. to engage with, come to close quarters
II. J 10. — 5. to put out at interest (vaddhiya) DA
1.270. — pp. payojita (q. v.).
Payyaka fpa + ayyaka] (paternal) great-grandfather J 1.2
(ayyaka°) ;
PvA 107 (id.).
Para (adv. -adj.) [fr. Idg. *per, 'peri (cp. pari); Ved.
para, para, parag ; Lat. per through, Gr. nipti & Tiipav
beyond ; see Walde, Lat. Wtb. under per & also pari,
pubba, pura, purana] i. (adv. & prep.) beyond, on the
further side of (with abl. or loc), over PvA 168 (para
Gangaya, v. 1. °ayar)). See in same meaning & application
parar), paro and para & cp. cpds. like paraloka.
— 2. (adj.) para follows the pron. declension; cases:
sg. nom. paro Sn 879, ace. parai) Sn 132, 185, gen. dat.
parassa Sn 634; Pv 11.9", instr. parena PvA 116, loc.
paramhi Sn 634, and pare Pv 11.9" ; pi. nom. pare Dh
6. ace. pare Dh 257 ; PvA 15, gen. dat. paresag D 1.3 ;
Th I, 743 ; J 1.256 : Sn 818, instr. parehi Sn 240, 255 ;
PvA 17. — Meanings: (a) beyond, i. e. "higher" in
space (like Ved. para as opp. to avara lower), as well as
" further " in time (i. e. future, to come, or also remote,
past : see loc. pare under c). freq. in phrase paro loko
the world beyond, the world (i. e. life) to come, the
beyond or future life (opp. ayar) loko) Sn 185 (asma
loka parar) lokar) na socati), 634 (asmirj loke paramhi
168 (paramhi loke); Pv 11.8' (id. =paraIoke
ca) ; Dh
PvA 11)7) ; but also in other comb", like santi-para (adj.)
higher than calm Dh 202. Cp. paraloka, paraij and
paro. — (b) another, other, adj. as well as n., pi. others
Sn 396 (parassa darag natikkameyya), 818 (paresar).
160 (ko paro who else), 257 (pare
cp. Nd' 150) ; Dh
others) ; Pv 11.9" (parassa danag) ; 11.9" (pare, loc. = j
paramhi parassa Pv.\ 130) ; DhA iv.i8> (gen. pi.) ; PvA
15, 60 (paresar) dat.), 103, 116. 253 (parassa purisassa
& parar) purisag). Often contrasted with and opposed
to attano (one's own, oneself), e. g. at M i.2i o (parar)
Sn 132 (attanag samuk-
vambheti attanag ukkagseti) ;
kagse parag avajanati) ; J 1.256 (paresag, opp. attana) ;
Nd* 26 (att-attha opp. par-attha. see cpds. °ajjhasa-
ya & "attha). — paro . . . paro " the one . . . the
other " D 1.224 (kig hi paro parassa karissati) paro
;
parag one another Sn 148 (paro parag nikubbetha). —
In a special sense we find pare pi. in the meaning of
" the others," i. e. outsiders, aliens (to the religion of
the Buddha), enemies, opponents (like Vedic pare)
D 1.2 (=pativiruddha satta DA 1.51); Vin 1.349; Dh
6. — (c) some oblique cases in special meaning and used
as adv. : parag ace. sg. m. see under cpds., like parantapa
; as nt. adv. see sep. In phrase puna ca parag
would be better read puna c' aparag (see apara).
—parena (instr.) later on, afterwards J 111.395 ( = aparena
samayena C). —pare (loc); cp. Gr. Trofini at; Lat.
prae before; Goth. faura = E. for, old dat. of *per) in
the past, before, yet earlier J 11.2 79 (where it continues
ajja and hiyyo, i. e. to-day and yesterday, and refers
to the day before yesterday. Similarly at Vin iv.63
pare is contrasted with ajja & hiyyo and may mean
" in future," or " the day before yesterday." It is of
interest to notice the Ved. use of pare as " in the future "
opp. to adya & svas) ; J 111.423 (the day before yesterday).
At DhA 1.253 (sve va pare va) and iv. i 70 in the
sense of "on the day after tomorrow." —para (only
apparently abl., in reality either para-(-a° which
represents the vocalic beginning of the second part of
the cpd., or para -I- a which is the directional prefix a,
emphasizing para. The latter expl" is more in the
spirit of the Pali language) : see separately, -paro
(old abl. as adv. = Sk. paras) beyond further : see sep.
—parato (abl.) in a variety of expressions and shades
of meaning, viz. (i) from another, as regards others
A III. 337 (attano parato ca) ; Nett 8 (ghosa), 50 (id.).
— (2) from the point of view of " otherness," i. e. as
strange or something alien, as an enemy M 1.435 (in
" anicca "-passage) ; A 214"; Ps 11.238;
iv.423 ; Nd-
Kvu 4C0 ; Miln 418 and passim; in phrase parato
disva " seen as not myself " Th i, 1 160 ; 2, loi ; S 1.188
(sankhare parato passa, dukkhato ma ca attato). —
(3) on the other side of, away from, beyond J 11. 128 ;
PvA 24 (kuddanag). — (4) further, afterwards, later on
S 1.34; J 1.255; 1V.139; SnA 119, 482. — Nole. The
compounds with para^ are combinations either with
para i (adv. prep), or para 2 (adj. n). Those containing
para in form para and in meaning " further on
to " see separately under para°. See also para, parima
etc.
-ajjhasaya intent on others (opp. att°) SnA 46.
-attha (parattha, to be distinguished from adv. parattha.
q. V. sep.) the profit or welfare of amther (opp. attattha)
S n.29; A in.63 ; Dh 166; Nd* 26. -adhina
dependent on others D 1.72 — ( parpsu adhino parass' eva
ruciya pavattati DA 1.2 12) ; J vi.99 Th.\ ; 15 (°vuttika)
VvA 23 ("vutti, paresag bharag vahanto). -iipakkama
aggression of an enemy, violence Vin 11. 194. -upaghata
injuring others, cruelty Vv 84*0. -upaghatin
killing others Dh 184 (=parag upahananto p. DhA
111.2^7). -upavada reproaching others Sn 389. -kata see
parankata. -kamma service of others, "karin serving
others Vv 33". -kara see below uniier parankara. -kula
clan of another, strange or alien clan Sn 128 ; Dh 73.
-kkanta [para° or para° *kranta ?] walked (by another ?
or gone over ?) J vi.559 (better to be read with v. 1.
on p. 560 as pada° i. e. walked by feet, footprint),
-kkama (para -(- kram] exertion, endeavour, effort,
strife D 1.53; 111.113; S 1.166 (da|ha°) ; n.28 (purisa°)
V.66. 104 sq. ; A 1.4, 50 (purisa°) ; iv.190; Sn 293;
Dh 313 ; Nd'487; J 1.256; 11. 153 ; Dhs 13. 12. 289. 571 ;
Miln 244 ; DhA iv.139 ; Sdhp 253 ; adj. (-°) sacca° one
who strives after the truth J iv.383. -kkamati ['parakramati]
to advance, go forward, exert oneself, under-
Dh 383
take, show courage Sn 966 (ger. parakkamma) ;
(id.); Pv III. 2" (imper. parakkama. v. 1. parakkama)
Pug 19. 23; PvA 184 (=payogag karoti) ; Sdhp 439.
-kkaroti [either for para-l-kr or more likely paras -t-kr,
cp. paro] lit. " to put on the opposite side." i. e. to
remove, do away with J iv.26 (corresponding to apaneti.
C. expl°" as " parato kareti." taking parato in the
sense of para 2 c 3). 404 (ma parakari =ma pariccaji C).
-gatta alien body, trsl. "limbs that are not thou"
Th I. 1 150. -gavacanda violent against the cows of
another A ii.i09=Pug 47
(opp. sakagavacanda, cp.
PugA 226: yo attano goganag ghatteti, paragogane
pana so rato sukhasilo hoti etc.). -(n)kata made by
something or somebody else, extra-self, extraneous, ahen
S 1.134 (nayidag attakatag bimbag nayidag parakatag
aghag); with ref. to loka & dukkha and opposed to
sayankata D 111.137 sq. ; S 11. 19 sq., 33 sq.. 38 sq. ;