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NibbSna 199 Nibbana
rebirth altogether, to certain and final extinction (parinibbana).
— I'ire may be put out by water, or may go
out of itself from lack of fuel. The ethical state called
Nibbana can only rise from within. It is therefore in
the older texts compared to the fire going out, rather
than to the fire being put out. The latter point of
view, though the word nibbana is not used, occurs in
one or two passages in later books. See J 1.2 12 ; Miln
346, 410 ; SnA 28 ; Sdhp 584. I-'or the older view see
M 1.487 (aggt anaharo nibbuto, a fire gone out through
lack of fuel) ; Sn 1094 (akiilcanai) anadanag etag dipag
anaparai) Nibbanai) iti) ; S 1.236 (attadandesu nibbuto
sadanesu anadano) ; S 11.85 (aggikkhandho purimassa
upadanassa pariyadana aiii^assa ca anupahara anaharo
nibbiyeyya, as a fire would go out, bereft of food,
because the former supply being finished no additional
supply is forthcoming) ; sa-upjdano devanai) indo na
parinibbayati, the king of the gods does not escape
rebirth so long as he has within him any grasping
S IV. 102 ; paragu sabbadhammanai) anupSdaya nibbuto
A 1. 162 ; paragato jhayi anup° nibbuto, a philosopher,
freed, without any cause, source, of rebirth A iv.290
(etc., see nibbuta). davaggi-nibbanai) the going out
of the jungle fire J 1.2 12 ; aggi nibbayeyya, should the
fire go out M 1.487 ; aggikkhandho nibbuto hoti the
great fire has died out Miln 304 ; nibbuto gini my fire
is out Sn 19. The result of quenching the fire (going
out) is coolness (sita) ; and one who has attained the
state of coolness is sitibhuta. sitibhuto 'smi nibbuto
Vin 1.8 ; Pv 1.8' ; sitibhuto nirupadhi, cooled, with no
more fuel (to produce heat)
chato nibbuto sitibhuto (cp.
Vin 11. 156; A 1.138; nic-
nicchata) A n.208 ; V.C5.
anupadana dipacci viya nibbuta gone out like the
flame of a lamp without supply of fuel ThA 154 (Ap.
153). — nibbanti dhira yath' ftyai) padipo the Wise go
out like the flame of this lamp Sn 235.
This refers to
the pulling out of the wick or to lack of oil, not to a
blowing
S 11.86:
out; cp. vattii) paticca
Th 2, 116 (padipass' eva
telapadlpo jSleyya
nibbanag vimokkho
ahu cetaso). The pulling out of the wick is expressed
by 78(^1] okassayami ( =dipavattirj akaddhemi ThA
1
1 7) cp. on this passage I'ischel, Lehen & Lehre des
Buddha 71 : Mrs. Rh. Davids. Buddhism 176; Neumann,
Lieder 298). pajjotass' eva nibbanai) like the going out
of a lamp S i.i^gfsi.
B. Since rebirth is the result of wrong desire (kdma,
kilesa, asava, raga etc.), the dying out of that desire
leads to freedom & salvation from rebirth and its cause
or substratum. Here references should be given to:
(i) the fuel in ethical sense (cp. A i : aggi) ; (2) the aims
to be accomplished (for instance, coolness = /)eace)
(3) the seat of its realisation (the heart) ; (4) the means
of achievement (the Path) : (5) the obstacles to be
removed. — i. FHe/~ cause of rebirth & suffering;
asava (intoxications), khinasava jutimanto te loke
parinibbuta the wise who are rid of all intoxications
are in this world the thoroughly free S v. 29 : savaka
asavanag khaya viharanti A iv.83 ; kodhag pahatvana
parinibbinsu anasava (are completely cooled) A iv.98 ;
asavakhino danto parinibbuto Sn 370 ; saggag sugatino
yanti parinibbanti anasava those of happy fate go to
heaven, but those not intoxicated die out Dh 126;
nibbanag adhimuttanag atthangacchanti asava Dh 226 :
asavanag khaya bhikkhu nicchato parinibbuto It 49 :
vimutti-kusuma-sai^channo parinibbissati anasavo Th
I, loci. — kama (cravings) nikkamo nibbano Nago Sn
1 131. — kilesa-(nibbana) vice (only in certain commentaries),
kilesa-nibbanass' Api anupada parihibba-
upadanag abhavena anupi-
nass' dpi santike OhA 1.286 :
diyitva kilesa-nibbanena nibbuta DhA iv.i94. — nibbida
(disenchantment). Nibbanag ekanta-nibbidaya
virdpaya etc. sagvattati S 11.223 nibbijjha i sabbaso
kame sikkhe nibbanag attano Sn 940. — raga virago
nirodho nibbanag S I.I3(>;%:: dcsento virajag dhammag
nibbanag akutobhayag S 1.192; 70 ragakkhayo (dosa°
. . . moha° . . .): idag vuccati nibbanag S iv.2Si. ic
same of Amata S v. 8 ; chandaraga-vinodanag nibbanapadag
accutag Sn 1086 ; kusalo ca jahati papakag ragadosamoha-kkhaya
parinibbuto I'd 85: ye 'dha pajahanti
kSmaragag bhavaragdnusayan ca pahaya parinibbanagata
Vv 53^'. — vana sabba-sagyojan' atitag vana
nibbanag agatag A 111.346 : nikkhantag vanato ti
nibbanag KhA 151 ; tanhS-sankhata-vanAbhavato
nibbanag SnA 253.
2. Aims: khema (tranquillity). atapT bhikkhu nibbanaya
bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamaya
It 27; ajarag aniarag khemag pariyessarai nibbutig
J 1.3 : acala (immovable, not to be disturbed), patto
acalaUhanag Vv 51* ; accuta (stable) patthayag accutag
padag S 111.143: chandaraga-vinodanag nibbanapadag
accutag Sn 1086. nekkhamma (renunciation, dispassionateness),
vana nibbanag agatag kamehi nekkhammaratag
A in. 346. — paragu (victor), paragu
sabbadhammanag anupada ya nibbuto A 1.162 (cp.
A IV.290 with tinno paragato). — santipada (calm, composure),
santi ti nibbutig flatia Sn 933 : santimaggag
eva bruhaya nibbanag sugatena desitag Dh 285
s. =acala VvA 219. — samatha (allayment, quietude),
sabbasankharasamatho nibbanag S i.i36sa. — sotthi
(welfare), saccena suvatthi hotu nibbanag Sn 235.
3. The Heart : (a) atta (heart, self), abhinibbut-atto
Sn 456 ; thifatto frequent, e. g. parinibbuto th° Sn 359 ;
danto parinib" th° Sn 370. — (b) citta (heart), aparidayhamana-citto
SnA 347 (for abhiuibbutatto Sn 343).
— (c) hadaya (heart) nibbanag hadayasmig opiya
5 1. 199; matuhadayag nibbayate J 1.61: nibbapehi
me hadaya-parilahag (quench the fever of my heart)
Miln 318. — (d) mano (mind), mano nibbap tavade
J
1.27 ;
disva mano me pasidi \'v 51)'*.
4. The Path : dhira. lokapariyiiyag afinaya nibbuta
dhira tinna etc. S 1.24 : nibbanti dhira . . . Sn 235
sabb&bhibhu dhiro sabbagantha-ppamocano It 122 —
Recognition of anicca (transitoriness. see nicca). aniccasafifii
. . . bhikkhu papunati ditth' eva dhamme
nibbanag A iv. 353. — pafifia. nibbanag ev' ajjhagamug
sapanua S 1.22 ; n' abhirato pafli^a S 1.38. —
pandita & nipaka. anupubbena n''g adhigacchanti
pandita A 1.162 ; nipaka asesag parinibbanti It 93. —
vijjai. bhikkhu panihitena cittena avijjag bhecchati
vijjag uppadessati n°g sacchikarissati the bhikkhu with
devout heart will destroy ignorance, gain right cognition
6 realise Nibbana A i.S : idh" afinaya parinibbati anasavo
A 111.41 ; sabb' asave parifliiaya parinibbanti
anasava Vbh 426.
5. The Obstacles : gantha (fetter), nibbanag adhigantabbag
sabba-g°-pamocanag S 1.210; It 104
similarly It 122 (see above), gabbhaseyya (rebirth),
na to punam upenti gabbhaseyyag, parinibbanagata hi
sitibhuta Vv 53**. — nivarana (obstacles), pafica n°.
anibbana-sagvattanika S v. 97. — punabbhava (rebirth),
nibbapehi maharagag madayhitthopunappunag S 1.188 ;
vibhavau ca bhavafk ca vippahaya vusitava khinapu-
bhava-nirodha nibbanag
nabbhavo sa bhikkhu Sn 514 ;
S n.117. — sankhara (elements of life), sabbasankhara-samatho
nibbanag S 1.136: N. -sabbasankhara
khayissanti A 111.443. — sagyojanani (fetters), sabbas-.ltitag
vana Nibbanag agatar; A 111.34'! ; s. pahaya
n'g sacchikarissati A 111.423: sagyojananag parikkhaya
antara-parinibbayi hoti S v. 69.
111. Nibbana : its ethical importance and general
characterisation. L Assurance of N. (nibbanass' eva
santike, near N.. sure of N.) : S 1.33 (ya.