The Pali Text Society's Pali-English dictionary - Tuninst.net

Tandula 128 Tanha
Ta^^QlA (*Sk. tai^^lula : dialectical] rice-grain, rice husked
& ready for boiling; freq. comb' with tila (q. v.) in
mentioning of offerings, presentations, etc. : lonar)
telar) taijdulai) khadaniyar) sakatesu aropetva Vin
1.220, 238, 243, 249; talitanduladayo J 111.53; I'vA
105. —Vin 1.244 ; A 1.130 ; J 1.255 ; "'-SS. 425 (tandulani
metri causa) ; vi.365 (mula" coarse r., majjhima"
medium r., kanika the finest grain) ; Sn 295 ; Pug 32 ;
DhA 1.395 (sali-taridula husked rice); DA i.q^. Cp! ^
ut°.
-ammana a measure (handful ?) of rice J n.436.
-dona a rice-vat or rice-bowl DhA iv.15; -paladvara
" doors (i. e. house) of the rice-guard " Npl, M 11.185 i
-mutthi a handful of rice PvA 131 ; -horaa an oblation
of rice D i.g.
Ta^^uleyyaka [cp. Sk. tanduHya] the plant Amaranthus
polygonoides VvA 99 (enum'' amongst various kinds
of daka).
Tapha (f.) [Sk. trsija, besides tarsa (m.) & tfs (f.) = Av
tarsna thirst, Gr. rapaia dryness, Goth, {laiirsus, Ohg.
durst, E. drought & thirst; to *ters to be, or to make
dry in Gr. ripaofiai, Lat. torreo to roast, Goth, ga-
jiairsan, Ohg. derren.—Another form of t. is lasina] lit.
drought, thirst; fig. craving, hunger for, excitement,
the fever of unsatisfied longing (c. loc. : kabalinkare
ahare "thirst" for solid food S ii.ioi sq ; civare
pindapate tanha = greed for Sn 339). Opp^" to peace of
mind (upekha, santi). — A. Literal meaning : khudaya
taijhaya ca khajjamana tormented by hunger & thirst
Pv u.i^ ( = pipasaya PvA 69). — B. In its secondary
meaning : tanha is a state of mind that leads to rebirth.
Plato puts a similar idea into the mouth of Socrates
(Phasdo 458, 9). Neither the Greek nor the Indian
thinker has thought it necessary to explain how this
effect is produced. In the Chain of Causation (D 11.
34) we are told hovi Tanha arises—when the sense
organs come into contact with the outside world there
follow sensation and feeling, & these (if, as elsewhere
stated, there is no mastery over them) result in Tanha.
In the First Proclamation (S v.420 ff. ; Vin i.io) it is
said that Tanha, the source of sorrow, must be rooted
out by the way there laid down, that is by the Arj'an
Path. Only then can the idea! life be lived, just as
physical thirst arises of itself, and must be assuaged,
got rid of, or the body dies ; so the mental " thirst,"
arising from without, becomes a craving that must be
rooted out, quite got rid of, or there can be no Nibbana.
The figure is a strong one, and the word Tapha is found
meiinly in poetry, or in prose passages charged with
religious emotion. It is rarely used in tlje philosophy
or the psychologj-. Thus in the long Enumeration of
Qualities (Dhs), Tanha occurs in one only out of the
1,366 sections (Dhs 1059), iS then only as one of many
subordinate phases of lobha. Tanha binds a man to the
chain of Sagsara, of being reborn & dying again &
again (j'-') until Arahantship or Nibbana is attained,
tanha destroyed, & the cause ahke of sorrow and of
future births removed (2'). In this sense Nibbana is
identical with " . sabbupadhi-patiuissaggo tanhakkhayo
virago nirodho " (see Nibbana). — i. Systcmatnalions
: The 3 aims of t. kama", bliava", vibhava', that
is craving for sensuous pleasure, for rebirth (anywhere,
but especially in heaven), or for no rebirth ; cp. Vibhava.
These three aims are mentioned already in the First
Proclamation (S V.42L ; Vin i.io) and often afterwards
D11.61, 308; 111.216, 275; S 111.26, 158; It 50; Ps 1.26,
39; 11.147; Vbh 101, 365; Nett 160. Another group
of 3 aims of tanha is given as kama°, rupa° & ariipa"
at D III. 2 16 Vbh ; 395 ; & yet another as ri5pa°, ariipa"
& nirodha" at D 111.216. —The source of t. is said to
be sixfold as founded on & relating to the 6 bahirani
ayatanani (see rupa), objects of sense or sensations,
viz. sights, sounds, smells, etc. ; D 11.58 ; Ps 1.6 sq.
Nd^ 271' ; in threefold aspects (as kama-tariha, bhava"
A vibhava") with relation to the 6 senses discussed at
Vism 567 sq. ; also under the term cha-tanha-kaya
(sixfold group, see cpds.) M 1.51 ; 111.280; Ps 1.26;
elsewhere called chadvarika-tanha " arising through the
O doors " DhA 111.2S6. — 18 varieties of t. (comprising
worldly objects of enjoyment, ease, comfort & wellliving
are enum'' at Nd^ 271"' (under tanha-lepa).
36 kinds: 18 referring to sensations (illusions) of subjective
origin (ajjhattikassa upadaya), & i8 to sensations
affecting the individual in objective quality
(bahirassa upadaya) at A 11.212; Nett 37; & 108
varieties or specifications of t. are given at Nd^ 27'"
(under Jappa)=Dhs i059 = Vbh 361. — Tanha as
" kusa'.a pi akusala pi " (good & bad) occurs at Nett 87 ;
cp. Talaputa's good t. Th 1.1091 i. — 2. Import of the
term : (a) various characterizations of t. : maha" Sn 114;
ka,ma°Si 131 ; gedha°Si.i5 ; bhava° D 111.274 (-1- avijja)
grouped with ditthi (wrong views) Nd^ 271'", 271". T.
fetters the world & causes miserj* " : yaya ayag loko
uddhasto parix'onaddho tantakulajato " A 11.211 sq.
tanhaya jayati soko tanhaya jayatJ bhayai) tanhaya
vippamuttassa natthi soko kuto bhayai) Dh 216;
loke piyariipai) sata-
tanhaya uddito loko S 1.40 yag ;
rupai) etth' esa tanha . . . Vbh 103 ; it is the 4th constituent
of Mara's army (M-sena) Sn 436 ;
M's daughter,
S 1.134- I" comparisons: t. -t-jalini visattika S 1.107;
= bharadanai) (t. ponobbhavika nandiraga-sabagata)
S 111.36; V.4C2 : ganda=kaya, gandamulan ti tanhay'
sota S iy.292 (and a
etar) adhivacanai) S iv.83 = ;
khrnasavo = chinnasoto) ; manujassa pamatta-carino t.
vaddhati maluva viya Dh 334. — (b) tanha as the
inciting factor of rebirth & incidental cause of sagsara
kammar) khettai) viiinanag bijar) tanha
evar) ayatig punabbhavabhinibbatti hoti
sineho . . .
A 1.223 ' t.
ca avasesa ca kilesa ; ayag vuccati dukkha-samudayo
Vbh 107, similarly Nett 23 sq. ; as ponobbhavika
(causing rebirth) S 111.26; Ps 11.147, etc. ; as a link in
the chain of interdependent causation (see paticca-
vedana-paccaya tanha, tanha-paccaya
samuppada) :
upadanag Vin 1.1, 5 ; D 11.31, 33. 56, etc. ; t. & upadhi
tanhaya sati upadhi hoti t. asati up. na hoti S 11. 108 ;
ye tanhag vaddhenti te upadhig vaddhenti, etc. S 11. 109 ;
tanhaya niyati loko tanhaya parikissati S 1.39; tanha
sagyojanena sagj'utta satta digharattag sandhavanti
sagsaranti It 8. See also t.-dutiya. — (c) To have got
rid of t. is Arahantship : vigata-tanha vigata-pipasa
in. 8, 107 sq., 190;
vigata-parilaha D iu.238 ;
samulag tanhag abbuyha S
S
1.16 = 63, 121 (Godhiko
parinibbuto) ; 111.26 (mcchato parinibbuto) ; vita°
Sn 83, 849, 1041 (+nibbuta); tanhaya vippahanena
S 1.39 (" Nibbanan " iti vuccati). 40 (sabbag chindati
bandhanag) ; tanhag ma kasi ma lokag punar agami
Sn 339 ; tanhag parinnaya . . . te nara oghatioria ti
Sn 1082 ; ucchinna-bhava-tanha Sn 746 ; tanhaya
vupasama S 111.231; t.-nirodha S iv.390. — See also
M 1. 51 ; Dh 154; it 9 (vita"-)- anadana), 50 (°g pahantvana);
Sn 495. 49&. 9i6; & cp- °khaya. — 3. Kindred
terms which in Commentaries are expl"" by one
of the tanha-formuli (cp. Nd* 271^ & 27i»''): (a) t. in
groups of 5 ; (a) with kilesa sagyoga vipaka duccarita;
(/J) ditthi kilesa duccarita avijja ; (y) ditthi kil° kamma
duccarita. — (b) quasi-synonyms : adana, eja, gedha,
jappa, nandi, nivesana. parilaha, pipasa, lepa, loluppa,
vana, visattika, sibbani. — In cpds. the form ta^ha
is represented by tanha before double consonants, as
.tanhakkhaya, etc.
-adhipateyya mastery over t. S 111.103; -adhipanna
seized by t. S. 1.29 ; Sn 1123 ; -adasa the mirror of t.
A 11.54 : Sbhinivesa fuU of t. PvA 267 ; -aluka greedy
11.78 ;
J -uppada (pi.) (four) grounds of the rise of
craving (viz. civara, pindapata, senasana, itibhavabhava)
A ii.io = It 109; D 111.228; Vbh 375; -kaya
111.244,
(pi.) (six) groups of t. (see above B i) S 11. 3 ; D
280 ; Ps 1.26 ; Vbh 380 ; -kkliaya the destruction of th«