The Pali Text Society's Pali-English dictionary - Tuninst.net

CitU 97 Citta
Ottta' (nt.) [Sk. citta, orig. pp. of cinteti, cit, cp. yutta >
yu6jati, mutta > muAcati. On etym. from cit. see
cinteti]
I. Meaning: the heart (psychologically), i. e. the
centre & focus of man's emotional nature as well as that
intellectual element which inheres in i: accompanies
its manifestations ; i. e. thought. In this wise citta
denotes both the agent & that which is enacted (see
kanuna II. introd.), for in Indian Psychology citta is
the seat & organ of thought (cetasS. cinteti ; cp. Gr.
fpnv, although on the whole it corresponds more to the
Homeric Sw/iiif). As in the verb (cinteti) there are two
stems closely allied and almost inseparable in meaning
(see § III.), viz. cit & cet (citta & cetas) : cp. ye should
restrain, curb,
attana coday'
subdue citta by ceto, il
att4nar) Dhp 379 f.) ;
i.izo, 242 (cp.
cetasS cittag
samannesati S 1.194 (cp- cetas4 cittar) samannesati
5 1.194). 1° their general use there is no distinction to
be made between the two (see § III.). — The meaning
of citta is best understood when explaining it by
expressions familiar to us, as . with all my heart
heart and soul ; I have no heart to do it ; blessed are the
pure in heart ; singleness of heart (cp. ekagga) ; all of
which emphasize the emotional & conative side or
" thought " more than its mental & rational side (for
which see manas & viflilina). It may therefore be
rendered by intention, impulse, design ; mood, disposition,
state of mind, reaction to impressions. It is only
in later scholastic Igg. that we are justified in applying
the term " thought " in its technical sense. It needs
to be pointed out, as complementary to this view, that
citta nearly always occurs in the singular ( = heart),
6 out of 150 cases in the NikSyas only 3 times in the
plural ( = thoughts). The substantiality of citta (cetas)
is also evident from its connection with kamma (heart
as source of action), kSma & the senses in general. —
On the whole subject see Mrs. Rh. D. Buddh. Psvch.
Eth. introd. & Bud. Psy. ch. II.
II. Cases of citta (cetas), their relation & frequency
(enum"" for gram, purposes). — The paradigma is
(numbers denoting ";,, not including cpds.) : Nom.
cittai) ; Gen. (Dat.) cetaso (44) & cittassa (9) ; Instr.
cetasS (42) & cittena (3); Loc. citte (2) & cittamhi (2).
— Nom. cittai) (see below). Gen. cittassa only (of
older passages) in c° upakkileso S m.232 ; v. 92 ; A
1.207 ; c° damatho Dh 35 & c° vasena M 1.2 ; 14 iii. 156.
Instr. cittena only in S i. viz. cittena niyati loko p. 39
upakkilittha° p. 179: asallinena c° p. 159. Loc. citte
oiJy as loc. abs. in sam&hite citte (see below) & in citte
vyapanne kayakammam pi v. hoti A 1.162 ; cittamhi
only S 1. 129 & cittasmig only S 1.132. — Plural only in
Nom. cittani in one phrase : isavehi cittani (vi) muccii)su
" they purified their hearts from intoxications "
Vin 1.35; S 111.132 ; iv.20 ; Sn p. 149; besides this in
scholastic works = thoughts, e. g. Vbh 403 (satta
cittani).
III. Citta & cetas in promiscuous appUcation. There
is no cogent evidence of a clear separation of their
respective fields of meaning ; a few cases indicate the
role of cetas as seat of citta, whereas most of them show
no distinction. There are cpds. having both citta" &
ceto° in identical meanings (see e. g. citta-samadhi &
ceto°), others show a preference for either one or the
other, as ceto is preferred in ceto-khila & ceto-vimutti
(but : vimutta-citta), whereas citta is restricted to
comb" w. upakkilesa, etc. The foil, sentences will
illustrate this. Vivatena cetasa sappabhasai) cittar)
bhaveti " with open heart he contemplates a radiant
cetasa cittag
thought" S v.263 = D iii.223 = A iv.86 ;
samannesati vippamuttai) " with his heart he scrutinizes
their pure mind" S M94; vigatibhijjhena cetasa is
followed by abhijjaya cittai) pansodheti D 111.49
anuparambhacitto bhabbo cetaso vikkhepai) pahatuQ
A V.149: cetaso vupasamo foil, by vupasanta-citto
A 1.4; samahite citte foil, by ceto-samadhi D 1.13^;
cittai) padutthai) foil, by ceto-padosa A 1.8 ; cp. It. 12,
1 3 ; cetaso tato cittag nivaraye hadayag
" a desire of his heart
he shall exclude from this " S iv.195.
IV. Citta in its relation to other terms referring to
mental processes.
1. citta^hadaya, the heart as incorporating man's
personality :
phaleyya. cittavikkhepag papurieyya
(break his heart, upset his reason) S 1.126;
cittai) te khipissami hadayan te phalessami id. S 1.207,
214; Sn p. 32 ; kamaragena cittag me paric^ayhati S
1.188 >nibbapehi me hadaya-parilahag Miln 318 (" my
heart is on fire"); cp. abhinibbutatto Sn 343 = apari-
4ayhamana-citto SnA 347 ; cittag adhitthahati to set
one's heart on, to wish DhA 1.327.
2. c. as mental status, contrasted to (a) physical
status : citta > kaya, e. g. kilanta° weary in body &
mind D 1.20 = 111.32; atura° S 111.2-5 ; nikattha° A
II. 1 37; thita" steadfast in body & soul (cp. (hitatta)
5 V.74 ; °passaddhi quiet of body & soul S v.66. The
Commentators distinguish those six pairs of the san-
citta-kaya-passaddhi,
kharakkhandha, or the cetasikas :
-lahuta, etc. as quiet, buoyancy, etc., of (a) the vifliianakkhandha
(consciousness), (b) the other 3
khandhas, making up the nama-kaya (DhsA
mental
150 on
Dhs. 62 : Compendium of Phil 96, n. 3) ; passaddha"
D 111.241, 288. — (b) intellectual status: citta> manas
6 vifiiiana (mind > thought & understanding). These
three constitute the invisible energizer of the body,
alias mind in its manifestations : yafi ca vuccati cittan
ti va mano ti va viiiiianan ti va : (a) ayag atta nicco
dhuvo. etc., D 1.2 1 ; (^3) tatr' assutava puthujjano
n' dlag nibbinditug, etc. S 11.94 • (t) *^ rattiya ca
divasassa ca afina-d-eva uppajjati afii^ag nirujjhati
S 11.95, cf. ThA. i on 125. — Under adesana-patihariya
(thought reading) : evam
pi te mano ittham pi te mano iti
pi te cittag (thus is your thought & thus your mind, i. e.
1.170. — niccag
habit of thinking) D 1.213 = 111.103 ; A
idag c. niccag idag mano S 1.53 ; cittena niyyati loko
" by thoughts the world is led " S i.39 = A 11. 177 (cp.
KS 55) ; apatitthita-citto Sdina-manaso avyapaonacetaso
S v.74 • vyapanna-citto paduttha-manasankappo
S 111.93 paduttha-citto=paduttha-manaso
;
PvA 34, 43.
3. c. as emotional habitus: (a) oc