The Pali Text Society's Pali-English dictionary - Tuninst.net

Kiraka 38 Kala
Kiraka (usually °) the doer (of) : Vin 11.22 1 (capu-capu°)
sasana" he who does according to (my) advice Sn 445 ;
Bdhd 83 sq. ; — f . karika : veyyavacca" a servant
PvA 65 (text reads °ta) ; as n. the performance of (-"),
service ; dukkara-karika the performance of evil deeds
S 1.103: Th 2, 413 (=ThA 267). -agga-karika first
test, sample Vin 111.80.
KiraQa (nt.) [in meaning i represented in later Sk. by
kirana f., in meaning 2 =Sk. karana nt., equivalent to
prakfti,
1. — (a)
natural form,
a deed, action,
constituent, reason, cause].
performance, esp. an act imposed
or inflicted .pon somebody by a higher authority
(by the king as representative of justice or by kamma :
M III. 181 ; see kamma 11 3.A b.) as an ordeal, a feat or
punishment: a labour or task in the sense of the 12
labours of Heracles or the labours of Hades, karanai)
karapeti " he makes somebody perform the task."
Pass, k&ranar) or kJrana kariyati. Thus as a set of
five tasks or purgatory obligations under the name of
pailcavidha-bandhana " the group of five " (not, as
Warren trsl. p. 257 " inflict on him the torture called
the fivefold pinion "), a means of punishment in
Niraya (q. v. under paiica). Not primarily torture
(Rh. Davids, Miln trsl. 1.254, ^"'J others with wrong
derivation from kr^tati). At DhA 111.70 these punishments
are comprehended under the term dasa-dukkhakarapclni
(the ten punishments in misery) ; the meaning
" punishment " also at J iv.87 (tantarajjukai) k'g
katvS), whereas at J vi.4i6 k. is directly paraphrased by
" maraija," as much as " killing." Often spelt karaoa,
q. v. ; the spelling karana (as f.) at Miln 185 seems to
be a i-'ter spelling for k&rapai). See karapa for further
reference. — Kir) kJrariai) ajja kJressati " what task
wi'1 he impose on me to-day ?" A v. 324 ; as paflcavidhabandhana
K° A 1.141. PvA 251, Nd* 304"'- — As
adj. "karana in darupa° " being obliged to go through
the dreadful trial " PvA 221. — (b) duty obligation, in
karao' Akarana (pi.) duties great and small DhA 1.385.
Cp. also karaiiar) karoti to try M 1.444. — (c) a trick
(i. e. a duty imposed by a higher authority through
training) J 11.325 (Jnaflja") ; Miln 201 (akasa-gamana°).
2. — (a) acting, action as (material) cause: k°-bhi3ta
being the cause of . . . PvA 15;— (b) (intellectual)
cause, reason Miln 150 ; DhA 1.389 ; esp. as -" : arodana"
the reason for not crying PvA 63 ; asocana" same, ibid.
62; 5gamana° the reason for coming (here) ibid. 81,
106. = pariyatti, DliA. 36. = attha, SA on 1.215, SnA.
I.238^nstr. karanena by necessity, needs PvA 195 ;
tena k° therefore ibid. 40 — abl. karana by means of,
through, by (=hetu or nissiya) PvA 27: imasma k°
therefore PvA 40 ; karanat^ha (expl. as attha-karana
Nd') for the purpose of some object or advantage
Sn 75; opp. nikkarana from unselfishness ibid.—sakarana
(adj.) with good reason (of vacana) PvA 109.
K&ra^ika [der. fr. prec] the meaning ought to be " one
who is under a certain obligation " or " one who dispenses
certain obligations." In usu" S 11.257 however
used simply in the sense of making : arrow-maker,
fletcher. Perhaps the reading should be "kiraka.
K&raQ^ava' [of uncertain etym., cp. karapda] chaff, offal,
sweepings, fig. dirt, impurity: yava° A iv.169 (chaff);
samaoa" ibid. — In passage karandavag niddhamatha,
kasambui) apakassatha A iv.172— Sn 281= Miln 414
trsH by Rh. Davids Miln trsl. 11. 31)3 " get rid of filth,
put aside rubbish from you," cxpl. SnA 311 by kacavara
(q. v.). Rh. D's note' loc. cit. is to be modified
according to the parallel passages just given.
Kara^^t^va' [cp. Sk. karaijdava] a sort of duck Vv 35'
(expH as also by Haiayudha 2, 99 by kadamba, black
goose).
K&rSpaka [fr. karapeti] a schemer, inventor J vi.333.
Kir&pa^a see kareti.
Kiripita [pp- of karapeti, Caus. of karoti] made to do
J VI.374.
KarikS see karaka
Karit& = karik\ (performance) ;
K&rin (-°) (adj.) doing :
see paripiiri".
yathSvadT tathakari " as he says
so he does" D 111.135, Sn 357; see for examples the
various cpds. as kamma", kibbisa", khanda", chidda",
dukkata", dvaya", paccakkha", pubba", sakkacca",
sampajana", etc.
Kftriya (adj.) [grd of kareti, Caus. of karoti] to be done,
neg. akariya to be undone, (not) to be made good It 18.
Karuiifia (nt.) [fr. karuna] compassion (usually with
anudaya and anukampa) S 11.199; A 111.189; Vism
300 ; PvA 75 ; Sdhp 509.
Karnfifiata (f) compassionateness S T.138.
Karnvika (adj.) [fr. karuna] compassionate, merciful
Pv n.i'''; PvA 16; Bdhd 49; often with maha° : of
great mercy Sdhp 330, 557: so of the Buddha: mahakarunika
natha " the Saviour of great mercy " in introductory
stanzas to Pv and Vv.
Kareti (Causative of karoti), to construct, to build, etc.
der. -karapana the construction of (vihira")
pp. karita ;
DhA 1. 416. FcT details see karoti rv. ; see also karapaka
& karapita.
K&la (and K&|a) — Preliminary, i. dark (sjm. kapha,
which cp. for meaning and applications), black, blueblack,
misty, cloudy. Its proper sphere of application
is the dark as opposed to light, and it is therefore
characteristic cf all phenomena or beings belonging to
the realm of darkness, as the night, the new moon, death,
ghosts, etc. — There are two etymologies suggestible,
both of which may have been blended since Indo-
Aryan times: (a) kala = Sk. kala, blue-black, kali black
cloud from *nU (with which conn. *qel in kalanka,
spot, kalusa dirty, kammasa speckled. Gr. KiXmvot,
Mhg. hilwe mist)=I-at. calidus spot Gr. njXif spot,
and KtjXai dark cloud ; cp. Lat. caligo mist, fog, darkness.
— (b) see below, under note. — Hence . 2. the
morning mist, or darkness preceding light, daybreak,
morning (cp. E. morning = Goth, maurgins twilight,
Sk. marka eclipse, darkness ; and also gloaming =
gleaming = twilight), then : time in general, esp. a fixed
time, a point from or to which to reckon, i. e. term or
terminus (a quo or ad quem). — Note. The definition of
colour-expressions is extremely difficult. To a primitive
colour-sense the principal difference worthy of
notation is that between dark and light, or dull and
bright, which in their expressions, however, are represented
as complements for which the same word may
be used in either sense of the complementary part (dark
for light and vice versa, cp. E. gleam > gloom). All we
can say is that kala belongs to the group of expressions
for dark which may be represented simultaneously by
black, blue, or brown. That on the other hand, black,
when polished or smooth, supplies also the notion of
" shining " is evidenced by kala and kapha as well,
as c. g. by *gkei in Sk. chaya = Gr. axm shadow as
against Ags. haSven "blue" (E. heaven) and Ohg.
skinan, E. to shine and sky. The psychological value
of a colour depends on its light-reflecting (or lightabsorbing)
quality. A bright black appears lighter
(reflects more light) than a dull grey, therefore a polished
(afijana) black (=sukala) may readily be called " bril-
Uant." In the same way kala, combined with other
colour-words of black connotation does not need to
mean " black," but may mean simply a kind of black,
i. e. brown. This depends on the sem.asiological contrast
or equation of the passage in question. Cp. Sk.
§yama (daik-grey) and syava (brown^ under kasSya.
That the notion of the speckled or variegated colour