Grade 11 Healthy Active Living Education Additional Supports ...

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What is infertility? Infertility is the malfunctioning of a man or a womanÕs reproductive system. Male infertility is responsible for 40% of infertile couples and female infertility is responsible for 40%, 10% combined and 10% unexplained. It is estimated that 10-15% of couples are not able to conceive within one year of trying. However, the majority of couples do conceive whether or not they are treated for infertility. Types of Infertility Primary Infertility A couple has never conceived despite unprotected intercourse for at least 12 months. Secondary Infertility A couple has previously conceived but is subsequently unable to conceive within 12 months despite having unprotected intercourse. Third Type of Infertility (Pregnancy wastage) A woman has conceived but unable to produce a live birth. Pre-conceptual Health Pre-conceptual health is the general health status of a person prior to conception. Preconceptual health is the single most important determinant of male and female fertility. Good health care prior to conception reduces unplanned pregnancy, promotes healthier pregnancies and healthier births, reduces the risk of low birth weight, birth defects and premature deliveries. Most birth defects occur 2-8 weeks after conception, often before a woman knows she is pregnant. Research now shows that an increased intake of folic acid (a B vitamin) by women before she becomes pregnant reduces the risk of birth defects called Neural Tube Defects (NTDÕs). These are birth defects affecting the brain and spinal cord (e.g., Spina Bifida). Good sources of folic acid or folate are fruits and vegetables. The critical time to have enough folate is before conception occurs. 50% of all pregnancies are not planned. D. Factors Affecting Reproductive Health Environmental Factors i) Smoking Females who smoke: • are at risk for lowering folic acid, vitamin C and beta-carotene levels. These reduced levels are all associated with infertility, delay in conception, ectopic pregnancy and menstrual disorders • have an increased risk of spontaneous abortion, fetal and neonatal death • will have a child lower in birth weight due to reduced nutrients and oxygen to the fetus in utero Males who smoke: • may have the quality of their sperm affected • marijuana may have the quality of the their sperm reduced Grade 11 Healthy Active Living Education (PPL30), Module #1 Healthy Relationships and Sexuality Page 15
ii) Alcohol The use of alcohol: • reduces sperm quality in males • affects ability to achieve and/or maintain an erection iii) Chemical Exposure A teratogen can be a drug, a chemical or an infection that results in the permanent damage to the developing fetus. There are approximately 25 chemicals known to be teratogenic. The following can result in low birth weight, still birth and birth defects: • carbon monoxide in car exhaust • kerosene heaters • lead and paint strippers Preventative measures include: • leaving the work area to eat • avoiding noxious substances • using gloves • washing hands • adequate ventilation • determining the status of hazardous substances at place of employment iv) Medications • narcotics (e.g., Percodan), tranquilizers (e.g., Valium), anti-depressants (e.g., Prozac) and anti-hypertensives (e.g., blood pressure medications) may cause erectile dysfunction in males • other drugs may affect sperm production and/or ovulation • some drugs may cause fetal defects (e.g., tetracycline, accutane treatment for acne, anti-coagulants, steroids) • chemotherapy may affect sperm quality and ovulation and indirectly affect fertility due to nutritional status • some herbs contain drug-like ingredients and can have harmful effects during pregnancy and while breastfeeding (e.g., can stimulate the uterus or cause uterine contractions, act as a diuretic, produce toxic effects in the developing baby, cause birth defects, infant deaths or be passed onto infant through breast milk and harm the baby) • healthy eating ensures the proper nutrients required pre-conceptually and prenatally Sexual Health History • a lack of understanding of oneÕs own reproductive biology and a lack of awareness of fertility methods can impact fertility • multiple sexual partners increase the risk for STIÕs (sexually transmitted infections), Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) and cervical cancer • some women develop antibodies to sperm, a condition some clinicians believe more common in women with multiple sexual partners Grade 11 Healthy Active Living Education (PPL30), Module #1 Healthy Relationships and Sexuality Page 16
Page 1 and 2: Grade 11 Healthy Active Living Educ
Page 3 and 4: Teaching Health Education The Healt
Page 5 and 6: Sharon Broughton, Toronto Public He
Page 7 and 8: Healthy Relationships and Sexuality
Page 11 and 12: 8. Women who smoke are more likely
Page 19: Healthy Relationships and Sexuality
Page 23 and 24: • progesterone released by the ov
Page 25 and 26: Nutrition Matters. Women, Folic Aci
Page 31 and 32: Prenatal � Best Start Community A
Page 35 and 36: D. What issues do people need to de
Page 41 and 42: Trust Trust is the foundation of a
Page 47 and 48: o Fair Fighting (Arguments are a no
Page 49 and 50: Adapted with permission from "Ontar
Page 51 and 52: Issues for Discussion (Teacher Note
Page 53 and 54: STAGES DISCUSSION TOPICS TALK TO YO
Page 55 and 56: homophobia can decrease the person
Page 57 and 58: Student Resource (Prevention Activi
Page 69 and 70: Positive Mental Health and Stress P
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A psychologist named Abraham Maslow
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10. When sad things happen to me or
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These scores reflect the strength w
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Teacher Resource (Overheads) Mental
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Teacher Resource (Overheads) Mental
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Other Changes New Home Parents Rema
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Coping Mechanisms The following are
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Positive Mental Health and Stress P
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Initiative Approach to Learning Do
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Media Creation -appropriate medium
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• information demonstrations may
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Guided Imagery/Visualization To ach
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Teacher Resource (Overheads) What i
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Teacher Resource (Overheads) Effect
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Teacher Resource (Overheads) Stage
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Resource (Worksheet). Each group wi
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Teacher Resource (conÕt) Mental He
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8. MYTH Youth who have made suicide
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Recently she burned herself badly a
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Grade 11 Health and Physical Educat
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Violence and Risk Taking Behaviour
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Media Creation -appropriate medium
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-they lack information regarding le
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Parental Abuse/Neglect • past par
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� dishonesty or deceitfulness �
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Student Resource (Worksheet- Case S
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Student Resource (Worksheet- Case S
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� call police � be familiar wit
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• there is a sense of security be
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Using Children • making partner f
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The following is a list of the type
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• ÒIn Love and in Danger: Dating
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Self/Peer Assessment: 1. Use the fo
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Environmental Supports • Youth Dr
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Understanding Risk Taking Behaviour
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Skipping School • Do not have to
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4. Violence and Risk Taking Behavio
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Policy/Law Impact on Health Driving
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Smoking Help Line: 1-877-513-5333 T
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5. Respond and Rotate Assessment Ac
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Smoking Alcohol Illegal drugs Home
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Scenario 7: You are hanging out at
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Grade 11 Healthy Active Living Education Additional Supports ...

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