CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide - FTP Server

Glossary 653
AFP AppleTalk Filing Protocol: A Presentation-layer protocol, supporting
AppleShare and Mac OS File Sharing, that permits users to share files and
applications on a server.
AIP ATM Interface Processor: Supporting AAL3/4 and AAL5, this interface
for Cisco 7000 series routers minimizes performance bottlenecks at the
UNI. See also: AAL3/4 and AAL5.
algorithm A set of rules or process used to solve a problem. In networking,
algorithms are typically used for finding the best route for traffic from a
source to its destination.
alignment error An error occurring in Ethernet networks, in which a
received frame has extra bits; that is, a number not divisible by eight. Alignment
errors are generally the result of frame damage caused by collisions.
all-routes explorer packet An explorer packet that can move across an
entire SRB network, tracing all possible paths to a given destination. Also
known as an all-rings explorer packet. See also: explorer packet, local
explorer packet, and spanning explorer packet.
AM Amplitude Modulation: A modulation method that represents information
by varying the amplitude of the carrier signal. See also: modulation.
AMI Alternate Mark Inversion: A line-code type on T1 and E1 circuits that
shows zeros as “01” during each bit cell, and ones as “11” or “00,” alternately,
during each bit cell. The sending device must maintain ones density in
AMI but not independently of the data stream. Also known as binary-coded,
alternate mark inversion. Contrast with: B8ZS. See also: ones density.
amplitude An analog or digital waveform’s highest value.
analog transmission Signal messaging whereby information is represented
by various combinations of signal amplitude, frequency, and phase.
ANSI American National Standards Institute: The organization of corporate,
government, and other volunteer members that coordinates standardsrelated
activities, approves U.S. national standards, and develops U.S. positions
in international standards organizations. ANSI assists in the creation of
international and U.S. standards in disciplines such as communications, networking,
and a variety of technical fields. It publishes over 13,000 standards,
for engineered products and technologies ranging from screw threads
to networking protocols. ANSI is a member of the IEC and ISO.