CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide - FTP Server

More documents

Recommendations

Info

VLAN Memberships Static VLANs Dynamic VLANs VLAN Memberships 305 VLANs are typically created by an administrator, who then assigns switch ports to the VLAN. These are called static VLANs. If the administrator wants to do a little more work up front and assign all the host devices’ hardware addresses into a database, the switches can be configured to assign VLANs dynamically. Static VLANs are the typical way of creating VLANs and the most secure. The switch port that you assign a VLAN association always maintains that association until an administrator changes the port assignment. This type of VLAN configuration is easy to set up and monitor, working well in a network where the movement of users within the network is controlled. Using network management software to configure the ports can be helpful but is not mandatory. Dynamic VLANs determine a node’s VLAN assignment automatically. Using intelligent management software, you can enable hardware (MAC) addresses, protocols, or even applications to create dynamic VLANs. For example, suppose MAC addresses have been entered into a centralized VLAN management application. If a node is then attached to an unassigned switch port, the VLAN management database can look up the hardware address and assign and configure the switch port to the correct VLAN. This can make management and configuration easier for the administrator. If a user moves, the switch will automatically assign them to the correct VLAN. However, more administration is needed initially to set up the database. Cisco administrators can use the VLAN Management Policy Server (VMPS) service to set up a database of MAC addresses that can be used for dynamic addressing of VLANs. VMPS is a MAC address–to–VLAN mapping database.
306 Chapter 6 � Virtual LANs (VLANs) Identifying VLANs Frame Tagging VLANs can span multiple connected switches. Switches in this switch fabric must keep track of frames and which VLAN frames belong to. Frame tagging performs this function. Switches can then direct frames to the appropriate port. There are two different types of links in a switched environment: Access links Links that are only part of one VLAN and are referred to as the native VLAN of the port. Any device attached to an access link is unaware of a VLAN membership. This device just assumes it is part of a broadcast domain, with no understanding of the physical network. Switches remove any VLAN information from the frame before it is set to an access link device. Access link devices cannot communicate with devices outside their VLAN unless the packet is routed through a router. Trunk links Trunks can carry multiple VLANs. Originally named after trunks of the telephone system, which carries multiple telephone conversations, trunk links are used to connect switches to other switches, to routers, or even to servers. Trunked links are supported on Fast or Gigabit Ethernet only. To identify the VLAN that a frame belongs to with Ethernet technology, Cisco switches support two different identification techniques: ISL and 802.1q. Trunk links are used to transport VLANs between devices and can be configured to transport all VLANs or just a few. Trunk links still have a native, or default, VLAN that is used if the trunk link fails. The switch in an internetwork needs a way of keeping track of users and frames as they travel the switch fabric and VLANs. A switch fabric is a group of switches sharing the same VLAN information. Frame identification (frame tagging) uniquely assigns a user-defined ID to each frame. This is sometimes referred to as a VLAN ID or color. Cisco created frame tagging to be used when an Ethernet frame traverses a trunked link. The VLAN tag is removed before exiting trunked links. Each switch that the frame reaches must identify the VLAN ID, then determine what to do with the frame based on the filter table. If the frame reaches a switch that has another trunked link, the frame will be forwarded out the
Page 1 and 2:
CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associ
Page 3 and 4:
Associate Publisher: Neil Edde Cont
Page 5 and 6:
This book is dedicated to all the C
Page 7 and 8:
Introduction Welcome to the excitin
Page 9 and 10:
Introduction xxv installing, managi
Page 11 and 12:
Introduction xxvii but you still ha
Page 13 and 14:
Introduction xxix To meet the CCNP
Page 15 and 16:
Introduction xxxi through!) Also, b
Page 17 and 18:
CCDPs must also demonstrate profici
Page 19 and 20:
Introduction xxxv answering the rev
Page 21 and 22:
Introduction xxxvii don’t need to
Page 23 and 24:
Introduction xxxix questions and un
Page 25 and 26:
Assessment Questions Assessment Que
Page 27 and 28:
Assessment Questions xliii 9. Which
Page 29 and 30:
Assessment Questions xlv 17. What i
Page 31 and 32:
Assessment Questions xlvii 23. Whic
Page 33 and 34:
Assessment Questions xlix 31. What
Page 35 and 36:
Assessment Questions li 39. What ar
Page 37 and 38:
Assessment Questions liii 47. Which
Page 39 and 40:
Answers to the Assessment Questions
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Chapter 1 Internetworking THE CCNA
Page 47 and 48:
Internetworking Models Internetwork
Page 49 and 50:
The OSI Reference Model FIGURE 1.1
Page 51 and 52:
FIGURE 1.3 Layer functions The OSI
Page 53 and 54:
The OSI Reference Model 9 JPEG The
Page 55 and 56:
The OSI Reference Model 11 Connecti
Page 57 and 58:
The OSI Reference Model 13 answer t
Page 59 and 60:
The OSI Reference Model 15 before s
Page 61 and 62:
The OSI Reference Model 17 The rout
Page 63 and 64:
The OSI Reference Model 19 For a ho
Page 65 and 66:
Ethernet Networking 21 The Physical
Page 67 and 68:
Ethernet Networking 23 Ethernet is
Page 69 and 70:
FIGURE 1.11 802.3 and Ethernet fram
Page 71 and 72:
802.2 and SNAP FIGURE 1.12 802.2 an
Page 73 and 74:
Ethernet Networking 29 You can iden
Page 75 and 76:
FIGURE 1.13 Data encapsulation Data
Page 77 and 78:
The Cisco Three-Layer Hierarchical
Page 79 and 80:
The Core Layer The Cisco Three-Laye
Page 81 and 82:
Assembling and Cabling Cisco Device
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
6-3 7-2 8-1 Selecting Cisco Product
Page 91 and 92:
FIGURE 1.20 Cisco hub products Cisc
Page 93 and 94:
Cisco Switches Selecting Cisco Prod
Page 95 and 96:
Summary Key Terms Summary 51 This c
Page 97 and 98:
Written Labs In this section, you w
Page 99 and 100:
Lab 1.2: Defining the OSI Layers an
Page 101 and 102:
Review Questions Review Questions 5
Page 103 and 104:
8. How is a crossover cabled? Revie
Page 105 and 106:
Review Questions 61 15. Routers can
Page 107 and 108:
64 Chapter 1 � Internetworking An
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Chapter 2 Switching Technologies TH
Page 115 and 116:
Layer-2 Switching 73 switches are f
Page 117 and 118:
Layer-2 Switching 75 switch now has
Page 119 and 120:
Loop Avoidance FIGURE 2.2 Broadcast
Page 121 and 122:
Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) Spanni
Page 123 and 124:
Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) 81 802
Page 125 and 126:
Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) 83 If
Page 127 and 128:
FIGURE 2.6 Different switching mode
Page 129 and 130:
Key Terms Summary 87 Before taking
Page 131 and 132:
Review Questions 1. Which LAN switc
Page 133 and 134:
Review Questions 91 8. What are the
Page 135 and 136:
15. What is the default LAN switch
Page 137 and 138:
96 Chapter 2 � Switching Technolo
Page 139 and 140:
98 Chapter 2 � Switching Technolo
Page 141 and 142:
The Transmission Control Protocol/I
Page 143 and 144:
102 Chapter 3 � Internet Protocol
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Answers to the Written Lab 167 8. S
Page 209 and 210:
Answers to Review Questions 169 12.
Page 211 and 212:
In this chapter, you will be introd
Page 213 and 214:
174 Chapter 4 � Configuration and
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Routing This chapter will discuss t
Page 277 and 278:
238 Chapter 5 � IP Routing In our
Page 279 and 280:
240 Chapter 5 � IP Routing router
Page 281 and 282:
242 Chapter 5 � IP Routing Figure
Page 283 and 284:
244 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 2501A(
Page 285 and 286:
246 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 2501C(
Page 287 and 288:
248 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 2621A
Page 289 and 290:
250 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 2501A
Page 291 and 292:
252 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 2501C(
Page 293 and 294: 254 Chapter 5 � IP Routing To con
Page 295 and 296: 256 Chapter 5 � IP Routing exampl
Page 297 and 298: 258 Chapter 5 � IP Routing Howeve
Page 299 and 300: 260 Chapter 5 � IP Routing Routin
Page 301 and 302: 262 Chapter 5 � IP Routing When a
Page 303 and 304: 264 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 2501A
Page 305 and 306: 266 Chapter 5 � IP Routing It is
Page 307 and 308: 268 Chapter 5 � IP Routing RIP ha
Page 309 and 310: 270 Chapter 5 � IP Routing varian
Page 311 and 312: 272 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 2501B
Page 313 and 314: 274 Chapter 5 � IP Routing The fo
Page 315 and 316: 276 Chapter 5 � IP Routing The Sh
Page 317 and 318: 278 Chapter 5 � IP Routing The De
Page 319 and 320: 280 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 07:13:
Page 321 and 322: 282 Chapter 5 � IP Routing Comman
Page 323 and 324: 284 Chapter 5 � IP Routing Writte
Page 325 and 326: 286 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 2621(c
Page 327 and 328: 288 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 2. Aft
Page 329 and 330: 290 Chapter 5 � IP Routing weight
Page 331 and 332: 292 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 5. Wha
Page 333 and 334: 294 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 13. Wh
Page 335 and 336: 296 Chapter 5 � IP Routing Answer
Page 337 and 338: 298 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 13. C.
Page 339 and 340: Virtual LANs A Virtual Local Area N
Page 341 and 342: 302 Chapter 6 � Virtual LANs (VLA
Page 343: 304 Chapter 6 � Virtual LANs (VLA
Page 361 and 362: Answers to Review Questions Answers
Page 363 and 364: Chapter 7 Managing a Cisco Internet
Page 365 and 366: The Internal Components of a Cisco
Page 367 and 368: Managing Configuration Registers 32
Page 375 and 376: Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco
Page 383 and 384: Using Cisco Discovery Protocol 345
Page 389 and 390: Using Telnet Using Telnet 351 Encap
Page 391 and 392: Using Telnet 353 Remember that the
Page 393 and 394: Checking Telnet Connections Using T
Page 395 and 396:
Resolving Hostnames 357 This output
Page 397 and 398:
Resolving Hostnames 359 To verify t
Page 399 and 400:
Resolving Hostnames 361 it doesn’
Page 401 and 402:
apollo Apollo echo appletalk Applet
Page 403 and 404:
Key Terms Summary 365 Next, you lea
Page 405 and 406:
Command Description Summary 367 no
Page 407 and 408:
Written Lab Write in the answers to
Page 409 and 410:
Hands-on Labs 371 flash tftp. This
Page 411 and 412:
Lab 7.5: Using Telnet Hands-on Labs
Page 413 and 414:
Hands-on Labs 375 4. Test your host
Page 415 and 416:
Review Questions 377 5. Which memor
Page 417 and 418:
13. What does the command cdp timer
Page 419 and 420:
382 Chapter 7 � Managing a Cisco
Page 421 and 422:
384 Chapter 7 � Managing a Cisco
Page 423 and 424:
Most network administrators have, a
Page 425 and 426:
388 Chapter 8 � Configuring Novel
Page 427 and 428:
Page 429 and 430:
Page 431 and 432:
Page 433 and 434:
Page 435 and 436:
Page 437 and 438:
Page 439 and 440:
Page 441 and 442:
Page 443 and 444:
Page 445 and 446:
Page 447 and 448:
Page 449 and 450:
Page 451 and 452:
Page 453 and 454:
Page 455 and 456:
Page 457 and 458:
Page 459 and 460:
Page 461 and 462:
Page 463 and 464:
Page 465 and 466:
Page 467 and 468:
Page 469 and 470:
Page 471 and 472:
Page 473 and 474:
Answer to Review Questions Answer t
Page 475 and 476:
Chapter 9 Managing Traffic with Acc
Page 477 and 478:
Access Lists 441 interface. Applyin
Page 479 and 480:
Access Lists 443 IP extended acces
Page 481 and 482:
Access Lists 445 Now, that was the
Page 483 and 484:
Access Lists 447 On the Acme router
Page 485 and 486:
Access Lists 449 Once you choose th
Page 487 and 488:
discard Discard (9) domain Domain N
Page 489 and 490:
IPX Access Lists 453 LAN. However,
Page 491 and 492:
IPX Access Lists 455 The access lis
Page 493 and 494:
Router(config)#access-list 1010 per
Page 495 and 496:
Key Terms Summary 459 � How to co
Page 497 and 498:
Written Lab In this section, write
Page 499 and 500:
Hands-on Labs 463 3. Choose an acce
Page 501 and 502:
Hands-on Labs 465 5. Add the source
Page 503 and 504:
Hands-on Labs 467 3. Configure an a
Page 505 and 506:
Review Questions 469 4. Which of th
Page 507 and 508:
Review Questions 471 10. Which of t
Page 509 and 510:
Review Questions 473 18. Which acce
Page 511 and 512:
Answers to Review Questions Answers
Page 513 and 514:
Chapter 10 Wide Area Networking Pro
Page 515 and 516:
Wide Area Networks 479 Demarcation
Page 517 and 518:
High-Level Data-Link Control Protoc
Page 519 and 520:
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) Point
Page 521 and 522:
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) 485 A
Page 523 and 524:
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) 487 I
Page 525 and 526:
Frame Relay 489 Frame Relay provide
Page 527 and 528:
Frame Relay 491 7. The CO receives
Page 529 and 530:
Local Management Interface (LMI) Fr
Page 531 and 532:
Frame Relay 495 out the same interf
Page 533 and 534:
appletalk protocol eigrp no appleta
Page 535 and 536:
Here’s an example using the Frame
Page 537 and 538:
Frame Relay 501 really might need.
Page 539 and 540:
Frame Relay 503 To see information
Page 541 and 542:
Integrated Services Digital Network
Page 543 and 544:
FIGURE 10.7 ISDN BRI reference poin
Page 545 and 546:
Integrated Services Digital Network
Page 547 and 548:
Dial-on-Demand Routing (DDR) 511 Th
Page 549 and 550:
Dial-on-Demand Routing (DDR) 513 Th
Page 551 and 552:
Optional Commands Dial-on-Demand Ro
Page 553 and 554:
Summary Sho ip route Shows all rout
Page 555 and 556:
Commands in This Chapter Command De
Page 557 and 558:
Command Description Summary 521 sho
Page 559 and 560:
Written Lab 523 13. Write the comma
Page 561 and 562:
Hands-on Labs 525 3. To change the
Page 563 and 564:
Hands-on Labs 527 In my seminars I
Page 565 and 566:
FIGURE 10.10 ISDN lab E0 172.16.30.
Page 567 and 568:
8. Configure the dialer information
Page 569 and 570:
Review Questions 533 5. Regarding F
Page 571 and 572:
13. Which command will list all con
Page 573 and 574:
(The answers to the questions begin
Page 575 and 576:
11. Config t Int bri0 Dialer string
Page 577 and 578:
Answers to Review Questions 541 14.
Page 579 and 580:
544 Appendix A � Practice Exam Qu
Page 581 and 582:
546 Appendix A � Practice Exam 8.
Page 583 and 584:
548 Appendix A � Practice Exam 18
Page 585 and 586:
Page 587 and 588:
Page 589 and 590:
Page 591 and 592:
Page 593 and 594:
Page 595 and 596:
560 Appendix A � Practice Exam An
Page 597 and 598:
Page 599 and 600:
Page 601 and 602:
Page 603 and 604:
The CCNA courseware for the new CCN
Page 605 and 606:
570 Appendix B � Configuring the
Page 607 and 608:
Page 609 and 610:
Page 611 and 612:
Page 613 and 614:
Page 615 and 616:
Page 617 and 618:
Page 619 and 620:
Page 621 and 622:
Page 623 and 624:
Page 625 and 626:
Page 627 and 628:
Page 629 and 630:
Page 631 and 632:
Page 633 and 634:
Page 635 and 636:
Page 637 and 638:
Page 639 and 640:
Page 641 and 642:
Page 643 and 644:
Page 645 and 646:
Page 647 and 648:
Page 649 and 650:
Page 651 and 652:
Page 653 and 654:
Page 655 and 656:
Page 657 and 658:
Page 659 and 660:
Page 661 and 662:
Page 663 and 664:
Page 665 and 666:
Page 667 and 668:
Page 669 and 670:
634 Appendix C � Commands in This
Page 671 and 672:
Page 673 and 674:
Page 675 and 676:
Page 677 and 678:
Page 679 and 680:
Page 681 and 682:
Page 683 and 684:
Page 685 and 686:
650 Glossary A&B bit signaling Used
Page 687 and 688:
652 Glossary address learning Used
Page 689 and 690:
654 Glossary anycast An ATM address
Page 691 and 692:
656 Glossary ATM Asynchronous Trans
Page 693 and 694:
658 Glossary auxiliary port The con
Page 695 and 696:
660 Glossary bridge A device for co
Page 697 and 698:
662 Glossary CBR Constant Bit Rate:
Page 699 and 700:
664 Glossary circuit switching Used
Page 701 and 702:
666 Glossary configuration register
Page 703 and 704:
668 Glossary crankback In ATM, a co
Page 705 and 706:
670 Glossary DDP Datagram Delivery
Page 707 and 708:
672 Glossary DSR Data Set Ready: Wh
Page 709 and 710:
674 Glossary ELAN Emulated LAN: An
Page 711 and 712:
676 Glossary failure domain The reg
Page 713 and 714:
678 Glossary FragmentFree LAN switc
Page 715 and 716:
680 Glossary helper address The uni
Page 717 and 718:
682 Glossary IGP Interior Gateway P
Page 719 and 720:
684 Glossary IP multicast A techniq
Page 721 and 722:
686 Glossary learning bridge A brid
Page 723 and 724:
688 Glossary MAC Media Access Contr
Page 725 and 726:
690 Glossary MLP Multilink PPP: A t
Page 727 and 728:
692 Glossary NetBEUI NetBIOS Extend
Page 729 and 730:
694 Glossary NT1 network terminatio
Page 731 and 732:
696 Glossary packet switch A physic
Page 733 and 734:
698 Glossary poison reverse updates
Page 735 and 736:
700 Glossary PVP tunneling permanen
Page 737 and 738:
702 Glossary route poisoning Used b
Page 739 and 740:
704 Glossary server Hardware and so
Page 741 and 742:
706 Glossary span A full-duplex dig
Page 743 and 744:
708 Glossary SR/TLB source-route tr
Page 745 and 746:
710 Glossary subinterface One of ma
Page 747 and 748:
712 Glossary TE terminal equipment:
Page 749 and 750:
714 Glossary TRIP Token Ring Interf
Page 751:
716 Glossary WAN wide area network:
show all

CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide - FTP Server

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?