CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide - FTP Server

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Subnetting Class A Addresses Subnetting 153 Class A subnetting is not performed any differently from Classes B and C, though there are 24 bits to play with instead of the 16 in a Class B address and the eight bits in a Class C address. Let’s start by listing all the Class A subnets: 255.128.0.0 255.192.0.0 255.224.0.0 255.240.0.0 255.248.0.0 255.252.0.0 255.254.0.0 255.255.0.0 255.255.128.0 255.255.192.0 255.255.224.0 255.255.240.0 255.255.248.0 255.255.252.0 255.255.254.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.128 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.252 That’s it. You must leave at least two bits for defining hosts. We hope you can see the pattern by now. Remember, we’re going to do this the same way as a Class B or C subnet, but we just have more host bits. Subnetting Practice Examples: Class A Addresses When you look at an IP address and a subnet mask, you must be able to determine the bits used for subnets and the bits used for determining hosts. This is imperative. If you are still struggling with this concept, please reread
154 Chapter 3 � Internet Protocol the preceding “IP Addressing” section, which shows you how to determine the difference between the subnet and host bits. Practice Example 1: 255.255.0.0 Class A addresses use a default mask of 255.0.0.0, which leaves 22 bits for subnetting since you must leave two bits for host addressing. The 255.255.0.0 mask with a Class A address is using eight subnet bits. 1. 2 8 –2=254. 2. 2 16 –2=65, 534. 3. 256–255=1, 2, 3, etc. (all in the second octet). The subnets would be 10.1.0.0, 10.2.0.0, 10.3.0.0, etc., up to 10.254.0.0. 4. First find the broadcast addresses in step 5, then come back and perform step 4 by filling in the host addresses. 5. Find the broadcast address of each subnet, which is always the number right before the next subnet. Table 3.8 shows the first and last subnet, valid host range, and broadcast addresses. TABLE 3.8 The First and Last Subnet Practice Example 2: 255.255.240.0 255.255.240.0 gives us 12 bits of subnetting and leaves us 12 bits for host addressing. 1. 2 12 –2=4094. 2. 2 12 –2=4094. First Subnet Last Subnet Subnet 10.1.0.0 10.254.0.0 First Host 10.1.0.1 10.254.0.1 Last Host 10.1.255.254 10.254.255.254 Broadcast 10.1.255.255 10.254.255.255
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CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associ
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Associate Publisher: Neil Edde Cont
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This book is dedicated to all the C
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Introduction Welcome to the excitin
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Introduction xxv installing, managi
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Introduction xxvii but you still ha
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Introduction xxix To meet the CCNP
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Introduction xxxi through!) Also, b
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CCDPs must also demonstrate profici
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Introduction xxxv answering the rev
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Introduction xxxvii don’t need to
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Introduction xxxix questions and un
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Assessment Questions Assessment Que
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Assessment Questions xliii 9. Which
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Assessment Questions xlv 17. What i
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Assessment Questions xlvii 23. Whic
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Assessment Questions xlix 31. What
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Assessment Questions li 39. What ar
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Assessment Questions liii 47. Which
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Answers to the Assessment Questions
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Chapter 1 Internetworking THE CCNA
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Internetworking Models Internetwork
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The OSI Reference Model FIGURE 1.1
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FIGURE 1.3 Layer functions The OSI
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The OSI Reference Model 9 JPEG The
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The OSI Reference Model 11 Connecti
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The OSI Reference Model 13 answer t
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The OSI Reference Model 15 before s
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The OSI Reference Model 17 The rout
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The OSI Reference Model 19 For a ho
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Ethernet Networking 21 The Physical
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Ethernet Networking 23 Ethernet is
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FIGURE 1.11 802.3 and Ethernet fram
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802.2 and SNAP FIGURE 1.12 802.2 an
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Ethernet Networking 29 You can iden
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FIGURE 1.13 Data encapsulation Data
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The Cisco Three-Layer Hierarchical
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The Core Layer The Cisco Three-Laye
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Assembling and Cabling Cisco Device
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6-3 7-2 8-1 Selecting Cisco Product
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FIGURE 1.20 Cisco hub products Cisc
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Cisco Switches Selecting Cisco Prod
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Summary Key Terms Summary 51 This c
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Written Labs In this section, you w
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Lab 1.2: Defining the OSI Layers an
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Review Questions Review Questions 5
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8. How is a crossover cabled? Revie
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Review Questions 61 15. Routers can
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64 Chapter 1 � Internetworking An
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Chapter 2 Switching Technologies TH
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Layer-2 Switching 73 switches are f
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Layer-2 Switching 75 switch now has
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Loop Avoidance FIGURE 2.2 Broadcast
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Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) Spanni
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Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) 81 802
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Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) 83 If
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FIGURE 2.6 Different switching mode
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Key Terms Summary 87 Before taking
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Review Questions 1. Which LAN switc
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Review Questions 91 8. What are the
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15. What is the default LAN switch
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96 Chapter 2 � Switching Technolo
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98 Chapter 2 � Switching Technolo
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The Transmission Control Protocol/I
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206 Chapter 4 � Configuration and
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Routing This chapter will discuss t
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238 Chapter 5 � IP Routing In our
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240 Chapter 5 � IP Routing router
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242 Chapter 5 � IP Routing Figure
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244 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 2501A(
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246 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 2501C(
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248 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 2621A
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252 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 2501C(
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254 Chapter 5 � IP Routing To con
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256 Chapter 5 � IP Routing exampl
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258 Chapter 5 � IP Routing Howeve
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260 Chapter 5 � IP Routing Routin
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262 Chapter 5 � IP Routing When a
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266 Chapter 5 � IP Routing It is
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268 Chapter 5 � IP Routing RIP ha
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270 Chapter 5 � IP Routing varian
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272 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 2501B
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274 Chapter 5 � IP Routing The fo
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276 Chapter 5 � IP Routing The Sh
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278 Chapter 5 � IP Routing The De
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280 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 07:13:
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282 Chapter 5 � IP Routing Comman
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284 Chapter 5 � IP Routing Writte
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286 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 2621(c
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288 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 2. Aft
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290 Chapter 5 � IP Routing weight
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292 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 5. Wha
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294 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 13. Wh
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296 Chapter 5 � IP Routing Answer
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298 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 13. C.
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Virtual LANs A Virtual Local Area N
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302 Chapter 6 � Virtual LANs (VLA
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Answers to Review Questions Answers
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Chapter 7 Managing a Cisco Internet
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The Internal Components of a Cisco
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Managing Configuration Registers 32
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Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco
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Using Cisco Discovery Protocol 345
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Using Telnet Using Telnet 351 Encap
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Using Telnet 353 Remember that the
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Checking Telnet Connections Using T
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Resolving Hostnames 357 This output
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Resolving Hostnames 359 To verify t
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Resolving Hostnames 361 it doesn’
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apollo Apollo echo appletalk Applet
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Key Terms Summary 365 Next, you lea
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Command Description Summary 367 no
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Written Lab Write in the answers to
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Hands-on Labs 371 flash tftp. This
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Lab 7.5: Using Telnet Hands-on Labs
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Hands-on Labs 375 4. Test your host
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Review Questions 377 5. Which memor
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13. What does the command cdp timer
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382 Chapter 7 � Managing a Cisco
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384 Chapter 7 � Managing a Cisco
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Most network administrators have, a
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388 Chapter 8 � Configuring Novel
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Answer to Review Questions Answer t
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Chapter 9 Managing Traffic with Acc
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Access Lists 441 interface. Applyin
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Access Lists 443 IP extended acces
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Access Lists 445 Now, that was the
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Access Lists 447 On the Acme router
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Access Lists 449 Once you choose th
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discard Discard (9) domain Domain N
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IPX Access Lists 453 LAN. However,
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IPX Access Lists 455 The access lis
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Router(config)#access-list 1010 per
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Key Terms Summary 459 � How to co
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Written Lab In this section, write
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Hands-on Labs 463 3. Choose an acce
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Hands-on Labs 465 5. Add the source
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Hands-on Labs 467 3. Configure an a
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Review Questions 469 4. Which of th
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Review Questions 471 10. Which of t
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Review Questions 473 18. Which acce
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Answers to Review Questions Answers
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Chapter 10 Wide Area Networking Pro
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Wide Area Networks 479 Demarcation
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High-Level Data-Link Control Protoc
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Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) Point
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Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) 485 A
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Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) 487 I
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Frame Relay 489 Frame Relay provide
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Frame Relay 491 7. The CO receives
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Local Management Interface (LMI) Fr
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Frame Relay 495 out the same interf
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appletalk protocol eigrp no appleta
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Here’s an example using the Frame
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Frame Relay 501 really might need.
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Frame Relay 503 To see information
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Integrated Services Digital Network
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FIGURE 10.7 ISDN BRI reference poin
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Integrated Services Digital Network
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Dial-on-Demand Routing (DDR) 511 Th
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Dial-on-Demand Routing (DDR) 513 Th
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Optional Commands Dial-on-Demand Ro
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Summary Sho ip route Shows all rout
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Commands in This Chapter Command De
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Command Description Summary 521 sho
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Written Lab 523 13. Write the comma
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Hands-on Labs 525 3. To change the
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Hands-on Labs 527 In my seminars I
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FIGURE 10.10 ISDN lab E0 172.16.30.
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8. Configure the dialer information
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Review Questions 533 5. Regarding F
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13. Which command will list all con
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(The answers to the questions begin
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11. Config t Int bri0 Dialer string
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Answers to Review Questions 541 14.
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544 Appendix A � Practice Exam Qu
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546 Appendix A � Practice Exam 8.
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548 Appendix A � Practice Exam 18
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560 Appendix A � Practice Exam An
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The CCNA courseware for the new CCN
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570 Appendix B � Configuring the
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634 Appendix C � Commands in This
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650 Glossary A&B bit signaling Used
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652 Glossary address learning Used
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654 Glossary anycast An ATM address
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656 Glossary ATM Asynchronous Trans
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658 Glossary auxiliary port The con
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660 Glossary bridge A device for co
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662 Glossary CBR Constant Bit Rate:
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664 Glossary circuit switching Used
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666 Glossary configuration register
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668 Glossary crankback In ATM, a co
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670 Glossary DDP Datagram Delivery
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672 Glossary DSR Data Set Ready: Wh
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674 Glossary ELAN Emulated LAN: An
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676 Glossary failure domain The reg
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678 Glossary FragmentFree LAN switc
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680 Glossary helper address The uni
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682 Glossary IGP Interior Gateway P
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684 Glossary IP multicast A techniq
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686 Glossary learning bridge A brid
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688 Glossary MAC Media Access Contr
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690 Glossary MLP Multilink PPP: A t
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692 Glossary NetBEUI NetBIOS Extend
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694 Glossary NT1 network terminatio
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696 Glossary packet switch A physic
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698 Glossary poison reverse updates
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700 Glossary PVP tunneling permanen
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702 Glossary route poisoning Used b
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704 Glossary server Hardware and so
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706 Glossary span A full-duplex dig
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708 Glossary SR/TLB source-route tr
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710 Glossary subinterface One of ma
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712 Glossary TE terminal equipment:
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714 Glossary TRIP Token Ring Interf
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716 Glossary WAN wide area network:
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