CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide - FTP Server

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Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) TCP/IP and the DoD Model 121 TABLE 3.1 Possible Protocols Found in the Protocol Field of an IP Header (continued) Protocol Protocol Number IPX in IP 111 Layer-2 tunnel 115 The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) works at the <strong>Network</strong> layer and is used by IP for many different services. ICMP is a management protocol and messaging service provider for IP. Its messages are carried as IP datagrams. RFC 1256, ICMP Router Discovery Messages, is an annex to ICMP, which affords hosts’ extended capability in discovering routes to gateways. Periodically, router advertisements are announced over the network, reporting IP addresses for the router’s network interfaces. Hosts listen for these network infomercials to acquire route information. A router solicitation is a request for immediate advertisements and may be sent by a host when it starts up. The following are some common events and messages that ICMP relates to: Destination Unreachable If a router can’t send an IP datagram any further, it uses ICMP to send a message back to the sender, advising it of the situation. For example, if a router receives a packet destined for a network that the router doesn’t know about, it will send an ICMP Destination Unreachable message back to the sending station. Buffer Full If a router’s memory buffer for receiving incoming datagrams is full, it will use ICMP to send out this message. Hops Each IP datagram is allotted a certain number of routers, called hops, that it may go through. If it reaches its limit of hops before arriving at its destination, the last router to receive that datagram deletes it. The executioner router then uses ICMP to send an obituary message, informing the sending machine of the demise of its datagram. Ping Packet Internet Groper uses ICMP echo messages to check the physical connectivity of machines on an internetwork. Traceroute Using ICMP timeouts, traceroute is used to find a path a packet takes as it traverses an internetwork. The following data is from a network analyzer catching an ICMP echo request. Notice that even though ICMP works at the <strong>Network</strong> layer, it still
122 Chapter 3 � Internet Protocol uses IP to do the Ping request. The type field in the IP header is 0x01h, which specifies the ICMP protocol. Flags: 0x00 Status: 0x00 Packet Length:78 Timestamp: 14:04:25.967000 05/06/1998 Ethernet Header Destination: 00:a0:24:6e:0f:a8 Source: 00:80:c7:a8:f0:3d Ether-Type:08-00 IP IP Header - Internet Protocol Datagram Version: 4 Header Length: 5 Precedence: 0 Type of Service: %000 Unused: %00 Total Length: 60 Identifier: 56325 Fragmentation Flags: %000 Fragment Offset: 0 Time To Live: 32 IP Type: 0x01 ICMP Header Checksum: 0x2df0 Source IP Address: 100.100.100.2 Dest. IP Address: 100.100.100.1 No Internet Datagram Options ICMP - Internet Control Messages Protocol ICMP Type: 8 Echo Request Code: 0 Checksum: 0x395c Identifier: 0x0300 Sequence Number: 4352 ICMP Data Area: abcdefghijklmnop 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6a 6b 6c 6d qrstuvwabcdefghi 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 61 62 63 64 65 66 Frame Check Sequence: 0x00000000
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CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associ
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Associate Publisher: Neil Edde Cont
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This book is dedicated to all the C
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Introduction Welcome to the excitin
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Introduction xxv installing, managi
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Introduction xxvii but you still ha
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Introduction xxix To meet the CCNP
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Introduction xxxi through!) Also, b
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CCDPs must also demonstrate profici
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Introduction xxxv answering the rev
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Introduction xxxvii don’t need to
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Introduction xxxix questions and un
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Assessment Questions Assessment Que
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Assessment Questions xliii 9. Which
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Assessment Questions xlv 17. What i
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Assessment Questions xlvii 23. Whic
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Assessment Questions xlix 31. What
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Assessment Questions li 39. What ar
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Assessment Questions liii 47. Which
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Answers to the Assessment Questions
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Chapter 1 Internetworking THE CCNA
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Internetworking Models Internetwork
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The OSI Reference Model FIGURE 1.1
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FIGURE 1.3 Layer functions The OSI
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The OSI Reference Model 9 JPEG The
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The OSI Reference Model 11 Connecti
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The OSI Reference Model 13 answer t
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The OSI Reference Model 15 before s
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The OSI Reference Model 17 The rout
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The OSI Reference Model 19 For a ho
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Ethernet Networking 21 The Physical
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Ethernet Networking 23 Ethernet is
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FIGURE 1.11 802.3 and Ethernet fram
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802.2 and SNAP FIGURE 1.12 802.2 an
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Ethernet Networking 29 You can iden
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FIGURE 1.13 Data encapsulation Data
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The Cisco Three-Layer Hierarchical
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The Core Layer The Cisco Three-Laye
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Assembling and Cabling Cisco Device
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6-3 7-2 8-1 Selecting Cisco Product
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FIGURE 1.20 Cisco hub products Cisc
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Cisco Switches Selecting Cisco Prod
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Summary Key Terms Summary 51 This c
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Written Labs In this section, you w
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Lab 1.2: Defining the OSI Layers an
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Review Questions Review Questions 5
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8. How is a crossover cabled? Revie
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Review Questions 61 15. Routers can
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64 Chapter 1 � Internetworking An
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66 Chapter 1 � Internetworking An
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Page 113 and 114: Chapter 2 Switching Technologies TH
Page 115 and 116: Layer-2 Switching 73 switches are f
Page 117 and 118: Layer-2 Switching 75 switch now has
Page 119 and 120: Loop Avoidance FIGURE 2.2 Broadcast
Page 121 and 122: Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) Spanni
Page 123 and 124: Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) 81 802
Page 125 and 126: Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) 83 If
Page 127 and 128: FIGURE 2.6 Different switching mode
Page 129 and 130: Key Terms Summary 87 Before taking
Page 131 and 132: Review Questions 1. Which LAN switc
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Page 135 and 136: 15. What is the default LAN switch
Page 137 and 138: 96 Chapter 2 � Switching Technolo
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Page 141 and 142: The Transmission Control Protocol/I
Page 143 and 144: 102 Chapter 3 � Internet Protocol
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Page 207 and 208: Answers to the Written Lab 167 8. S
Page 209 and 210: Answers to Review Questions 169 12.
Page 211 and 212: In this chapter, you will be introd
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174 Chapter 4 � Configuration and
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Routing This chapter will discuss t
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238 Chapter 5 � IP Routing In our
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240 Chapter 5 � IP Routing router
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242 Chapter 5 � IP Routing Figure
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244 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 2501A(
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246 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 2501C(
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248 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 2621A
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252 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 2501C(
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254 Chapter 5 � IP Routing To con
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256 Chapter 5 � IP Routing exampl
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258 Chapter 5 � IP Routing Howeve
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260 Chapter 5 � IP Routing Routin
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262 Chapter 5 � IP Routing When a
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266 Chapter 5 � IP Routing It is
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268 Chapter 5 � IP Routing RIP ha
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270 Chapter 5 � IP Routing varian
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272 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 2501B
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274 Chapter 5 � IP Routing The fo
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276 Chapter 5 � IP Routing The Sh
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278 Chapter 5 � IP Routing The De
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280 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 07:13:
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282 Chapter 5 � IP Routing Comman
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284 Chapter 5 � IP Routing Writte
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286 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 2621(c
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288 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 2. Aft
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290 Chapter 5 � IP Routing weight
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292 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 5. Wha
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294 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 13. Wh
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296 Chapter 5 � IP Routing Answer
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298 Chapter 5 � IP Routing 13. C.
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Virtual LANs A Virtual Local Area N
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302 Chapter 6 � Virtual LANs (VLA
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Answers to Review Questions Answers
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Chapter 7 Managing a Cisco Internet
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The Internal Components of a Cisco
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Managing Configuration Registers 32
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Backing Up and Restoring the Cisco
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Using Cisco Discovery Protocol 345
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Using Telnet Using Telnet 351 Encap
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Using Telnet 353 Remember that the
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Checking Telnet Connections Using T
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Resolving Hostnames 357 This output
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Resolving Hostnames 359 To verify t
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Resolving Hostnames 361 it doesn’
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apollo Apollo echo appletalk Applet
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Key Terms Summary 365 Next, you lea
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Command Description Summary 367 no
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Written Lab Write in the answers to
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Hands-on Labs 371 flash tftp. This
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Lab 7.5: Using Telnet Hands-on Labs
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Hands-on Labs 375 4. Test your host
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Review Questions 377 5. Which memor
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13. What does the command cdp timer
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382 Chapter 7 � Managing a Cisco
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384 Chapter 7 � Managing a Cisco
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Most network administrators have, a
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388 Chapter 8 � Configuring Novel
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Answer to Review Questions Answer t
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Chapter 9 Managing Traffic with Acc
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Access Lists 441 interface. Applyin
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Access Lists 443 IP extended acces
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Access Lists 445 Now, that was the
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Access Lists 447 On the Acme router
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Access Lists 449 Once you choose th
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discard Discard (9) domain Domain N
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IPX Access Lists 453 LAN. However,
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IPX Access Lists 455 The access lis
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Router(config)#access-list 1010 per
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Key Terms Summary 459 � How to co
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Written Lab In this section, write
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Hands-on Labs 463 3. Choose an acce
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Hands-on Labs 465 5. Add the source
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Hands-on Labs 467 3. Configure an a
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Review Questions 469 4. Which of th
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Review Questions 471 10. Which of t
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Review Questions 473 18. Which acce
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Answers to Review Questions Answers
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Chapter 10 Wide Area Networking Pro
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Wide Area Networks 479 Demarcation
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High-Level Data-Link Control Protoc
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Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) Point
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Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) 485 A
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Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) 487 I
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Frame Relay 489 Frame Relay provide
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Frame Relay 491 7. The CO receives
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Local Management Interface (LMI) Fr
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Frame Relay 495 out the same interf
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appletalk protocol eigrp no appleta
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Here’s an example using the Frame
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Frame Relay 501 really might need.
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Frame Relay 503 To see information
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Integrated Services Digital Network
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FIGURE 10.7 ISDN BRI reference poin
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Integrated Services Digital Network
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Dial-on-Demand Routing (DDR) 511 Th
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Dial-on-Demand Routing (DDR) 513 Th
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Optional Commands Dial-on-Demand Ro
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Summary Sho ip route Shows all rout
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Commands in This Chapter Command De
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Command Description Summary 521 sho
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Written Lab 523 13. Write the comma
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Hands-on Labs 525 3. To change the
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Hands-on Labs 527 In my seminars I
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FIGURE 10.10 ISDN lab E0 172.16.30.
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8. Configure the dialer information
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Review Questions 533 5. Regarding F
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13. Which command will list all con
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(The answers to the questions begin
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11. Config t Int bri0 Dialer string
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Answers to Review Questions 541 14.
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544 Appendix A � Practice Exam Qu
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546 Appendix A � Practice Exam 8.
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548 Appendix A � Practice Exam 18
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560 Appendix A � Practice Exam An
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The CCNA courseware for the new CCN
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570 Appendix B � Configuring the
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634 Appendix C � Commands in This
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650 Glossary A&B bit signaling Used
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652 Glossary address learning Used
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654 Glossary anycast An ATM address
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656 Glossary ATM Asynchronous Trans
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658 Glossary auxiliary port The con
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660 Glossary bridge A device for co
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662 Glossary CBR Constant Bit Rate:
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664 Glossary circuit switching Used
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666 Glossary configuration register
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668 Glossary crankback In ATM, a co
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670 Glossary DDP Datagram Delivery
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672 Glossary DSR Data Set Ready: Wh
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674 Glossary ELAN Emulated LAN: An
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676 Glossary failure domain The reg
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678 Glossary FragmentFree LAN switc
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680 Glossary helper address The uni
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682 Glossary IGP Interior Gateway P
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684 Glossary IP multicast A techniq
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686 Glossary learning bridge A brid
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688 Glossary MAC Media Access Contr
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690 Glossary MLP Multilink PPP: A t
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692 Glossary NetBEUI NetBIOS Extend
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694 Glossary NT1 network terminatio
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696 Glossary packet switch A physic
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698 Glossary poison reverse updates
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700 Glossary PVP tunneling permanen
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702 Glossary route poisoning Used b
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704 Glossary server Hardware and so
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706 Glossary span A full-duplex dig
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708 Glossary SR/TLB source-route tr
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710 Glossary subinterface One of ma
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712 Glossary TE terminal equipment:
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714 Glossary TRIP Token Ring Interf
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716 Glossary WAN wide area network:
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