A Journey Through The Old Testament - Elmer Towns
A Journey Through The Old Testament - Elmer Towns A Journey Through The Old Testament - Elmer Towns
Though the Scripture explains, “Now Terah lived seventy years, and begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran” (Gen. 11:26), it appears that only the oldest of these sons was born that early in the life of Terah. By comparing other references to dates in the lives of Abram and Terah, Abram appears to have been the youngest son of Terah born some sixty years later (cf. 12:4; 11:32). When this son of his old age was born, Terah gave him the name Abram based on the words ab meaning “father” and the verb raham or its Babylonian equivalent remu meaning “he loves.” Literally the name means “he loves his father.” Because of the later greatness of Abraham, some have suggested his name should be understood as “beloved father” or “exalted father.” Abram was raised in a place identified as “Ur of the Chaldeans.” The name Ur was a common name for a city in that the Babylonian word for city was uru. Because of this there may have been many cities of that day identified as Ur. The most famous of these today is the archeological site of “the Babylonian Ur” at Mugheir near the Persian Gulf. Many contemporary scholars identify this Ur as the Ur of the Chaldeans in which Abram was raised. Others disagree with this conclusion for one or more reasons. Even if the Babylonian Ur was not Abram’s hometown, what archeologists have discovered there gives us some insight into the nature of cities in that day. REASONS FOR A NORTHERN LOCATION OF “UR OF THE CHALDEANS” 1 Traditionally, until1850, Urfa near Haran in southern Turkey was considered the Ur of Abram. Geographic references in Scripture seem to support a northern location for Ur. 2 The social-legal traditions of the patriarchs tend to point to a northern origin. 3 Babylonian Ur never referred to as Ur of the Chaldeans in the cuneiform records found there. 4 Lower Mesopotamia was not called Chaldea until 1,000 years after Abraham. Abraham lived in Mesopotamia before coming to Haran (Acts 7:2). 5 When Abraham sent his servant to the land of his birth to find a wife for Isaac, he went to Haran (Gen. 24:4). Jacob later fled to Paddan Aram in the same area when fleeing from Esau. The family of Abram appears to have established themselves in the north. 6 The ancient designation of a northern area as “Holdai” is thought to be related to the expression “of the Chaldeans.” 7 The patriarchs are described as Arameans suggesting identification with a northern race (Jacob, Deut. 26.5, Laban, Gen. 31:47). 8 The Babylonian Ur is on the wrong side of the Euphrates River according to Joshua’s description (Josh. 24:2-3). 9 A tablet from Elba reportedly refers to an Ur of Haran. 10 Chaldea is described in the context of several northern cities (cf. Gen. 22.22, Isa. 23:13). The city of Ur was a prosperous city during the time of Abram’s childhood. Excavations at that site have uncovered an abundance of both public buildings and comfortable private homes. It was a city of law and order and appears to have been both a producing and trading center. It was a center largely devoted to the moon god Nauna(r)-Sin. Many of the names associated with the cult of lunar worship including Terah, Sarah, Milcah, Nahor, Haran, and Laban. Terah himself was involved in worshiping and serving idols (Josh. 24:2). According to Jewish legend, Terah made idols until his son Abraham convinced him of the folly of worshiping a powerless idol. Terah’s decision, however, to leave Ur and dwell in Haran suggests he never abandoned his idol worship. Haran was one of the centers for the worship of the moon god. If the
conversion of Terah was the reason for the family’s departure from Ur, one would think he would have chosen somewhere other than Haran for his new home. Two other reasons might be suggested for the family move. The first may have been associated with the death of Haran (Gen. 11:28). The Hebrew expression ‘al pene literally means Haran died “upon the face” of his father. The expression emphasizes that Terah saw and survived his son’s death. According to the customs of Ur, the body of Haran would have been placed in a baked ceramic coffin and kept in the family home. The death of Haran in this way would be continually remembered by the family. The significance of this becomes apparent with the discovery by Sir Leonard Wooley of an anti-Semitic racial prejudice which was becoming increasingly common during the time of Abram. Tablets found at Ur reveal a general northerly migration of the Habiru tribe (cf. 14:13, Abram the Hebrew) which was usually the result of these Aramaean settlers attempting to escape economic and other forms of oppression. The death of Haran may have been the result of an anti- Semitic attack; i.e., a mob lynching or riot. A second reason for Terah’s departure has been suggested in the politics of the day as it related to Terah’s economic interests. Abraham’s possession of camels (12:16; 24:10) suggests Terah may have been involved in international trade to some degree. About the time of Terah’s departure from Haran, Hammurabi was engaged in blocking the overland trade routes north of Ur. Moving to Haran would insure greater freedom to move his goods to other cities. The third reason is that God had called Abraham and he would not desert his family, so Terah went with Abraham. Terah’s reasons for leaving Ur are not known. In his address before the Sanhedrin, Stephen reminded his listeners: “The God of glory appeared to our father Abraham when he was in Mesopotamia, before he dwelt in Haran, and said to him, `Get out of your country and from your relatives, and come to a land that I will show you’” (Acts 7:2-3). When he was called of God, Abram left Ur for the nomadic life of the wilderness. The shores of the Great Sea (Mediterranean Sea) were called the edge of the world. When Abraham met the “God of glory,” he was ready to follow Him to the edge of the world. “The God of glory” is one of the eight characteristic names of God in Scripture. The Sanhedrin which Stephen was addressing had a high respect for the temple largely because it was thought to be the dwelling place of the Shekinah glory, the essential presence of God Himself long before a temple or tabernacle had been raised by the Jews. This same God of glory appeared to Abram in Ur. Later, James, the pastor of the Jerusalem church of which Stephen was a deacon, ascribed the title “the Lord of Glory” to Jesus (James 2:1). Stephen may have been claiming it was Christ Himself who appeared to Abram in Ur. Jesus on one occasion had told some religious leaders, “Your father Abraham rejoiced to see My day, and he saw it and was glad” (John 8:56). This was the first of many meetings between God and Abraham. THE EIGHT CHARACTERISTIC NAMES OF GOD The God of Glory (Ps. 29:3; Act 7:2) The God of Comfort (Rom. 15:5, 2 Cor. 1:3) The God of Hope (Rom. 15:13) The God of Love (2 Cor. 13:11) The God of Patience (Rom. 15:5) The God of Peace (Rom. 15:33, Phil. 4:9) The God of All Grace (1 Peter 5:10) The God of Truth (Deut. 32:4)
- Page 2 and 3: A Journey Through The Old Testament
- Page 4 and 5: 43. ELISHA: The Prophet of Twice th
- Page 6 and 7: matter of fact, nothing is eternal
- Page 8 and 9: Be like the Most High The title “
- Page 10 and 11: TWO ADAM: The Man Who Had Everythin
- Page 12 and 13: Individuals normally fall into sin
- Page 14 and 15: Christ whom Paul calls “the last
- Page 16 and 17: abandon Cain. Rather the Lord came
- Page 18 and 19: When Cain determined to abandon the
- Page 20 and 21: would be that son, Noah, who sailed
- Page 22 and 23: 8 The Flood which followed the ente
- Page 24 and 25: always leads to judgment. But Noah,
- Page 26 and 27: happened in the tent is not certain
- Page 28 and 29: at this time that the Americas and
- Page 32 and 33: The first call of Abram involved th
- Page 34 and 35: Damascus (cf. 15:2-3). When Abram a
- Page 36 and 37: SEVEN ABRAHAM: Lapse of Faith: Reas
- Page 38 and 39: their root in this period when Abra
- Page 40 and 41: comes to God must believe that He i
- Page 42 and 43: (Gen. 13:8, literal translation). A
- Page 44 and 45: greater blessing. The man of faith
- Page 46 and 47: mothers, a practice which may have
- Page 48 and 49: Melchizedek is described as the pri
- Page 50 and 51: tion of righteousness. Also, the co
- Page 52 and 53: Israel, consistently tried to destr
- Page 54 and 55: HAGAR AND SARAI (Gen. 16:4-6) (2080
- Page 56 and 57: the natural carnal instincts of hum
- Page 58 and 59: eflects a change in Abram which end
- Page 60 and 61: appreciation. When God promised Abr
- Page 62 and 63: desert period in Abraham’s life w
- Page 64 and 65: focus on the problems and soon come
- Page 66 and 67: FOURTEEN LOT: The Destruction of So
- Page 68 and 69: The Scriptures record, “The sun h
- Page 70 and 71: of the highest costs associated wit
- Page 72 and 73: must be viewed as intentional mocki
- Page 74 and 75: 6, 9). Second, we are to reckon or
- Page 76 and 77: “offer” and the name of the sac
- Page 78 and 79: forward to that distant day when on
conversion of Terah was the reason for the family’s departure from Ur, one would think he would<br />
have chosen somewhere other than Haran for his new home.<br />
Two other reasons might be suggested for the family move. <strong>The</strong> first may have been<br />
associated with the death of Haran (Gen. 11:28). <strong>The</strong> Hebrew expression ‘al pene literally means<br />
Haran died “upon the face” of his father. <strong>The</strong> expression emphasizes that Terah saw and survived<br />
his son’s death. According to the customs of Ur, the body of Haran would have been placed in a<br />
baked ceramic coffin and kept in the family home. <strong>The</strong> death of Haran in this way would be<br />
continually remembered by the family.<br />
<strong>The</strong> significance of this becomes apparent with the discovery by Sir Leonard Wooley of<br />
an anti-Semitic racial prejudice which was becoming increasingly common during the time of<br />
Abram. Tablets found at Ur reveal a general northerly migration of the Habiru tribe (cf. 14:13,<br />
Abram the Hebrew) which was usually the result of these Aramaean settlers attempting to escape<br />
economic and other forms of oppression. <strong>The</strong> death of Haran may have been the result of an anti-<br />
Semitic attack; i.e., a mob lynching or riot.<br />
A second reason for Terah’s departure has been suggested in the politics of the day as it<br />
related to Terah’s economic interests. Abraham’s possession of camels (12:16; 24:10) suggests<br />
Terah may have been involved in international trade to some degree. About the time of Terah’s<br />
departure from Haran, Hammurabi was engaged in blocking the overland trade routes north of<br />
Ur. Moving to Haran would insure greater freedom to move his goods to other cities.<br />
<strong>The</strong> third reason is that God had called Abraham and he would not desert his family, so<br />
Terah went with Abraham. Terah’s reasons for leaving Ur are not known. In his address before<br />
the Sanhedrin, Stephen reminded his listeners: “<strong>The</strong> God of glory appeared to our father<br />
Abraham when he was in Mesopotamia, before he dwelt in Haran, and said to him, `Get out of<br />
your country and from your relatives, and come to a land that I will show you’” (Acts 7:2-3).<br />
When he was called of God, Abram left Ur for the nomadic life of the wilderness. <strong>The</strong> shores of<br />
the Great Sea (Mediterranean Sea) were called the edge of the world. When Abraham met the<br />
“God of glory,” he was ready to follow Him to the edge of the world.<br />
“<strong>The</strong> God of glory” is one of the eight characteristic names of God in Scripture. <strong>The</strong><br />
Sanhedrin which Stephen was addressing had a high respect for the temple largely because it<br />
was thought to be the dwelling place of the Shekinah glory, the essential presence of God<br />
Himself long before a temple or tabernacle had been raised by the Jews. This same God of glory<br />
appeared to Abram in Ur. Later, James, the pastor of the Jerusalem church of which Stephen was<br />
a deacon, ascribed the title “the Lord of Glory” to Jesus (James 2:1). Stephen may have been<br />
claiming it was Christ Himself who appeared to Abram in Ur. Jesus on one occasion had told<br />
some religious leaders, “Your father Abraham rejoiced to see My day, and he saw it and was<br />
glad” (John 8:56). This was the first of many meetings between God and Abraham.<br />
THE EIGHT CHARACTERISTIC NAMES OF GOD<br />
<strong>The</strong> God of Glory (Ps. 29:3; Act 7:2)<br />
<strong>The</strong> God of Comfort (Rom. 15:5, 2 Cor. 1:3)<br />
<strong>The</strong> God of Hope (Rom. 15:13)<br />
<strong>The</strong> God of Love (2 Cor. 13:11)<br />
<strong>The</strong> God of Patience (Rom. 15:5)<br />
<strong>The</strong> God of Peace (Rom. 15:33, Phil. 4:9)<br />
<strong>The</strong> God of All Grace (1 Peter 5:10)<br />
<strong>The</strong> God of Truth (Deut. 32:4)