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The same pattern of secondary suspensions was found in our analysis of OCR suspension data for the 15 districts we visited which were surveyed by OCR in the fall of 1973. 44 We found that in 8 of the 15 survey districts, over 10 percent of the students enrolled in the districts' secondary schools were suspended at least once. 30.6 percent of the students in secondary schools were suspended in Denver, 22.9 percent in Richland County o. I, and 22.6 percent in New Bedford. 45 In New Bedford, over one-fourth of the students attending three of the four secondary schools in the district were suspended at least once during the 1972-73 school year. CDF Data on Suspensions Because we suspected suspensions and expulsions contributed heavily to the reasons children were out of school, our survey included questions about the suspended and expelled student. We were particularly concerned about the extent to which suspensions were used. Our findings confirm OCR data on 44 OCR data were not col1eC'ted from either Portland. Maine, or Somervil1e. Massachusetts, in the Fal1 1973 School Survey. 45 The percentages are also lower than they might be if we could determine exactly what percentages of the secondary students were suspended. For purposes of Our analysis, only those schools serving no grade lower than seventh were classified as "secondary" schools. Thus secondary students in middle schools (6-8) and schools serving grade. 1-8 are not included in the percentages. 46 Altbough we feel that our data reflect who is suspended. we do not believe that it describes the actual extent to which suspensions are used. There are a number of reasons for this. I) Parents often didn't know if their child had been uspended. For example, in Portland, Maine, one student was told to bring a note from her parents in order to be readmitted to school. However, she wrote the note herself and never told her parents. For 16 percent of tbe suspensions we found in the 30 areas surveyed there was no official notice of suspension and in 33 percent of the suspensions a child returned alone after being suspended without a parent conference. 2) Parents of the student who was suspended often did not remember the details of the suspension and when unclear information was available, we were very conservative in our assumptions. And 3) when a parent was not home, we interviewed brothers and si tel's and they too were often unaware of suspensions other than their own. 126 the wide use of disciplinary exclusions, particularly suspensions. They also corroborate OCR data that show the vast majority of suspensions occurring at the secondary level. Ninety percent of the children we found suspended at least once were between 12 and 17 years 01d. 46 More than 4 percent of all children we surveyed ages 6 to 17 enrolled in school had been suspended at least once. Among secondary school children ages 12 to 17, 7.9 percent had been suspended at least once.'17 47 We found 33 children ages 6 through II suspended a total of 54 times: - two 6 year olds su pended - three 7 year olds, one of whom was suspended 3 times - two 8 year olds - three 9 year olds - 12 children 10 years old - II children tl years old Seventy percent of the children ages 6-11 suspended were black, though black children were 40 percen' of children 6-11 surveyed.
TABLE IV SCHOOL·AGE CHILDREN SUSPENDED AT LEAST ONCE' Children Ages 6-17 Suspended Chil Number of At Least Once School- AREAS SURVEYED Age % of All % % % (6-17) Number Children Number Female Male Number Ch Children Sus- Surveyed of Sus- Sus- Sus- Sus- Sur Surveyed peoded (6-17) pensions pended pended pended (1 370 10 2.7 10 1.6 4.0 9 137 5 3.6 5 1.4 6.3 5 233 5 2.1 5 1.7 2.7 4 187 5 2.7 11 2.2 3.1 4 82 3 3.7 9 2.5 4.8 2 104 2 1.9 2 2.0 1.8 2 1 0 0 0 -* 0 0 102 3 2.9 5 0 5.5 3 101 2 2.0 6 0 4.1 2 lerican 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 89 2 2.2 6 0 4.4 2 313 22 7.0 41 4.0 9.8 16 1 70 10 14.3 12 12.0 15.6 5 1 lerican 210 9 4.3 24 1.9 6.7 8 29 3 10.3 5 5.9 16.7 3 1 Idian 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 153 19 12.4 50 18.1 7.4 16 2 147 18 12.2 49 18.6 6.5 15 2 3 1 33.3 1 -* 33.3 1 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 356 0 0 0 0 0 0 277 0 0 0 0 0 0 79 0 0 0 0 0 0 223 7 3.1 8 2.9 3.4 7 185 7 3.8 8 3.7 3.9 7 38 0 0 0 0 0 0 119 7 5.9 10 8.6 3.3 6 76 6 7.9 9 12.8 2.7 5 1 lerican 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 1 2.7 1 0 4.5 1 122 1 0.8 2 0 1.6 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 121 1 0.8 2
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CHILDREN OUT OF SCHOOL IN AMERICA A
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Copyright If.> October 1974 by the
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People Who Worked Oft This Report .
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Portland, Maine CDF staff Cambridge
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Foreword Introduction Chapter 1 Cha
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CHAPTER 1 Table I CHAPTER 2 Table I
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community leaders concerned with ed
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dren were suspended. The next highe
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described in this report, they can
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needed to improve and unify state c
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Bureaucratic Excuses for Inaction Y
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problems. Are teachers encouraged o
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Who Are the Children Out of School?
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vary. But while many of them descri
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Maxine, 14 Maxine Dolan is 14 and h
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until the new school year. Meanwhil
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awake until morning when the sounds
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He's had his chances, foreign or no
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Theresa, 12 Theresa Engler, a 12-ye
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34 Table I Children Not Enrolled! B
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Proportion of Minority Children 2 T
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Social and Economic Factors Poor ch
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Limitations of Census Data Our anal
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We found children out of school in
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.". 0\ Table VIII Chlldren Out of S
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VI o Table X All Children Out uf Sc
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Total % of Areas Surveyed Children
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Chapter 3 Barriers to School Attend
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TABLE I STATUTORY AND CONSTITUTIONA
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ter the four months because the cou
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Truancy Laws penalizing children an
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A Denver school official stated: "Y
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officers who spoke Spanish, and onl
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The principal of Lincoln Junior Hig
Page 91 and 92: For example, as of October, 1972, i
Page 93: think there is enough counseling, e
Page 97: fees required to take, for example,
Page 100 and 101: did not have books were not much of
Page 102 and 103: Consider what this would mean if yo
Page 104: no money to feed and care for all o
Page 107: Apparently a judgment has been made
Page 112 and 113: ecome self-sufficient adults are th
Page 114 and 115: In Cambridee, Massachusetts, an att
Page 116 and 117: Inadequacy of Special Education Pro
Page 118 and 119: over again for four or five years.
Page 120: Janice has not been suspended this
Page 123 and 124: ased. 56 They are modeled and norme
Page 125: chusetts counselor pointed out that
Page 128 and 129: that the city does not experiment w
Page 130 and 131: 1. The use of many kinds of people
Page 132 and 133: abuse laws of the state. However, t
Page 134 and 135: 116
Page 137: Many districts still have the power
Page 140 and 141: In contrast to the majority of publ
Page 148: Racial Discrimination in the Use of
Page 152: One southern school official admitt
Page 158 and 159: tion of the limitation on numbers o
Page 161 and 162: hold hearings, the reaction was sho
Page 164: or programs that operate as alterna
Page 167 and 168: complaints to the federal Office fo
Page 169: APPENDICES
Page 172: • most children who are instituti
Page 175 and 176: as opposed to every second, third,
Page 177 and 178: . Census Tract 123 Census Tract 123
Page 179 and 180: newal. Every third household was mo
Page 181 and 182: -secondary school children by sex a
Page 184: 10. Are his special problems/needs
Page 187 and 188: Sheet E-l SCHOOL EXPULSIONS, SUSPEN
Page 189: Maine Portland Census Tract 11 I 1:
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ALABAMA State Officials Mr. William
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Mr. Milton Ogle, Associate Director
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Sumter County #2 School Officials D
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AppendixD STATE SCHOOL OFFlCIALS' R
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Los Angeles Unified School District
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AppendlxE u.s. CENSUS DATA Table I
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State Wisconsin Wyoming GRANO TOTAL
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AppendixE U.s. CENSUS DATA Table II
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.... \C 00 AppelldixE U.S. CENSUS D
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AppendixE u.s. CENSUS DATA Table II
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Appendix 6 RANK ORDERS OF AREAS IN
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AppendbH PERCENT OF HEADS OF HOUSEH
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State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkans
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State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkans
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AppendixM STUDENTS ENROLLED IN EDUC
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Lee I 4,925 2,663 2,260 2 83 18 65
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Walker I 9,671 8,924 745 2 230 164
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Collins I 35 29 6 (82.4) (17.1 ) Co
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Junction City 1,003 584 419 (58.2)
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SI. Charles I 245 149 96 (60.8) (39
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AppendlxM STUDENTS ENROLLED IN EDUC
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Appendix M STUDENTS ENROLLED IN EDU
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App@ndblfl STUDENTS ENROLLED IN EDU
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Appendix M STUDENTS ENROLLED IN EDU
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South Pike Cons. I 2,575 893 1,677
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Clarendon #2 I 3,246 784 2,462 54 8
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Orangeburg #7 1,112 158 954 9 9 (14
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A. ppendi.'\: N SPECIAL EDUCATION I
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Learning Deaf!Hard Blind! Speech Ph
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Rhode Island Society for Autistic C
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Federal Court Consent Agreements; P
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Mr. Peter E. Holmes Director, Offic
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census figures and often did not ch
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pils who dropped out of this school
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SUGGESTED REFINEMENTS IN THE INDIVI
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I. Name of School System _ II. Name
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2 1 1 16 2 14 Cotton Plant 586 72 5
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1 1 5 4 1 Tuckerman 820 711 109 (1)
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Appelldlx R OCR DATA ON STUDENT SUS
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APPENDIXR FOOTNOTES I Unless noted
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36There were 1,763 students, suspen
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Total Students Suspended At Least O
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APPENDIX T TABLES I-II FOOTNOTES IS
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Kentucky Floyd County Total I 2 0.5
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AppendixT SUSPENSIONS IN CD" SURVEY
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Kentucky Floyd County Total Mud Cre
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Appendix T SUSPENSIONS IN CDF SURVE
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Appenllb V STATUTORY PROVISIONS FOR
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Massachusetts I Official None -Misc
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itppe",db V STATUTORY PROVISIONS FO
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Bureau is interested primarily in d
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could be collected centrally at the
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