Natural Hazards: Causes and Effects - Disaster Management Center ...

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All of this requires pre-disaster contingency planning, not only for evacuation but also for a temporary community with all of the life-line and support services necessary to sustain the community. Volcanoes are one of the few disaster types that may require evacuation to temporary shelters for a period of more than two or three days, although evacuation is seldom longer than two weeks. It becomes, therefore, one of the few times that tents may be an appropriate temporary shelter solution. Exceptions to this may be some of the Indonesian volcanoes where eruptions have lasted months. More permanent facilities may be necessary to house and provide services to these victims. Notes 1 Robert I. Tilling, “Volcanoes,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Pamphlet Prepared by the U.S. Department of the Interior/Geological Survey, 1982. 2 Ibid. 3 Fred M. Bullard, Volcanoes: In History, In Theory, In Eruption, University of Texas Press: Austin, Texas, 1962, p. 120-127. 4 The New York Times, April 14, 19, 23, 1979. 5 Fred M. Bullard, Volcanoes: In History, In Theory, In Eruption, p. 292-301. 6 Robert I. Tilling, “Volcanoes.” 7 Tony Waltham, Catastrophe: The Violent Earth, Crown Publishers, Inc., New York 8 Tilling, “Volcanoes.” 9 UNDRO, Disaster Prevention and Mitigaton: A Compendium of Current Knowledge, Vol. l, Volcanological Aspects, UNDRO, 1977. 10 Tony Waltham, Catastrophe: The Violent Earth, p. 34. 11 UNDRO, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation: A Compendium of Current Knowledge, Vol. l, Volcanological Aspects. 12 Tony Waltham, Catastrophe: The Violent Earth, p. 35. 13 UNDRO, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation: A Compendium of Current Knowledge, Vol. l, Volcanological Aspects. 14 Tony Waltham, Catastrophe: The Violent Earth. 15 UNDRO, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation: A Compendium of Current Knowledge, Vol. l, Volcanological Aspects. 16 Ibid. 17 Tony Waltham, Catastrophe: The Violent Earth. 18 UNDRO, op. cit. References Bullard, Fred M., Volcanoes: In History, In Theory, In Eruption, University of Texas Press: Austin, Texas 1962. The New York Times, April 14, 19, 23, 1979. Tilling, Robert I., “Volcanoes,” U.S. Government Printing Office, Pamphlet. Prepared by the U.S. Department of the Interior/Geological Survey, 1982. UNDRO, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation: A Compendium of Current Knowledge, Vol l, Volcanological Aspects, UNDRO, 1977. Waltham, Tony, Catastrophe: the Violent Earth, Crown Publishers, Inc., New York.
1. Environmental Effects Volcano Disaster Overview Effects Consequences Blast Destroys timber, crops, houses, bridges. Lava flow Inundates all in its path; causes fires; may force evacuation Damages structures if hit; may force evacuation Can destroy crops; damages machinery; can temporarily make croplands unusable (but restores nutrients); may force evacuation; may destroy animal habitat; creates respiratory problems; can clog waterways. 2. Patterns of Injury and Surgical Needs in Disasters Deaths exceed injuries. Low surgical needs within the first 72 hours. 3. Patterns of Disease Resulting from Disasters Actual Immediate Epidemiological Threat Secondary Epidemiological Threat None None 4. Immediate Social and Economic Consequences of Disasters Short-term mitigations Disruption of marketing systems Loss of housing Loss of crops 5. Effects of Natural Hazards On Land Structures Agriculture Trees Blast Destroys or damages Minor damage Widespread timber Building, other surface losses near eruption Structures Lava flow Buries buildings, sets fires Buries crops and Destroys forest and renders land unusable starts forest fires Ash deposits No major effect Destroys crops, makes Kills trees Temporarily unusable, Pollutes water Localized fissures Damages structures No major effect No major effect 6. Response to Disasters (Ideal) Initial Response: By Local Authorities By Foreign Intervenors Evacuation, search and rescue; short-term feeding, emergency shelter Cash Secondary Response: By Local Authorities By Foreign Intervenors Relocation, credit, financial assistance to victims, Relocation, credit, financial assistance to assistance to assistance to agriculture and small business. victims, assistance to agriculture and small business. 7. Appropriate Aid cash loans or credit blankets temporary lodging agricultural assistace
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Natural Hazards: Causes and Effects
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This publication was prepared by th
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Introduction How to Get Started Thi
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eruption may be the saturation of a
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Course Objectives Lesson 1 Introduc
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Lesson 1 - Introduction to Natural
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_____ 9. The transitional period an
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Lesson 2 - Self-Assessment Test Mul
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Lesson 3 - Tsunamis Study Guide Ove
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Lesson 4 - Volcanoes Study Guide Ov
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a) frequency of tremors b) upward m
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) two secondary responses handled b
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Lesson 7 - Drought Study Guide Over
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) often easier than implementing th
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Lesson 9 - Deforestation Study Guid
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10. One method holding great promis
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Natural Hazards: Causes and Effects
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Contents List of Figures List of Ta
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Natural H
Page 45 and 46: Type of Event Number of People Kill
Page 47 and 48: Low-income Economy Afghanistan Bang
Page 49 and 50: Phases of a Disaster Disaster speci
Page 51 and 52: Effects of Disasters Each type of d
Page 53 and 54: take steps to prevent the disaster,
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 2 Earthquakes Introduction
Page 57 and 58: Himalayan zone. Most earthquakes ap
Page 59 and 60: The different rates of travel betwe
Page 61 and 62: Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale o
Page 63 and 64: Frequency of Earthquakes More than
Page 65 and 66: How an earthquake damages a house F
Page 67 and 68: Rupture Zones and Epicenters in Cen
Page 69 and 70: of population from rural to urban a
Page 71 and 72: In all emergency activities it is o
Page 73 and 74: Notes 1 Rita Funaro-Curtis, Natural
Page 75 and 76: foundations by the water buoyancy.
Page 77 and 78: Impact on Natural and Built Environ
Page 79 and 80: Disaster Mitigation The most system
Page 81 and 82: - for tsunamis of local origin, pot
Page 83 and 84: Chapter 4 Volcanoes Introduction Ov
Page 85 and 86: production of sugar and cattle. Bec
Page 87 and 88: lava is a thin fluid (not viscous),
Page 89 and 90: then cool as thin, gently dipping s
Page 91 and 92: drains, causing flooding during sub
Page 93 and 94: then recognized, but today an incre
Page 95: Volcanic Zoning and Risk Mapping Wi
Page 99 and 100: Altogether the combined disaster of
Page 101 and 102: force caused by the earth’s rotat
Page 103 and 104: An atmosphere disturbance forces wa
Page 105 and 106: The Saffir / Simpson Hurricane Scal
Page 107 and 108: measures as have to be devised and
Page 109 and 110: Storm Surge Source: Cuny, Disasters
Page 111 and 112: a set of activities in anticipation
Page 113 and 114: and buildings will affect the veloc
Page 115 and 116: How High Winds Damage Buildings Win
Page 117 and 118: • developing an effective forecas
Page 119 and 120: Notes 1 INTERTECT, The Potential Co
Page 121 and 122: 1. Environmental Effects Tropical C
Page 123 and 124: also by human changes to the surfac
Page 125 and 126: The most noted floods are associate
Page 127 and 128: Magmatic Water ATMOSPHERE The Hydro
Page 129 and 130: Seasonality —Inundation of land d
Page 131 and 132: • Since Landsat images are taken
Page 133 and 134: The second step in vulnerability re
Page 135 and 136: 100-year flood, since this frequenc
Page 137 and 138: • Publish a master plan report wi
Page 139 and 140: • Blankets can be useful, but if
Page 141 and 142: Initial Response By Local Authoriti
Page 143 and 144: Notes 1 INTERTECT, The Potential Co
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 7 Drought Introduction Drou
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In addition to the droughts in the
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The Drought Cycle Normal Hydrologic
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• priority be given to developing
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land aware of the issues. Planning
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The importance of responding to the
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Chapter 8 Desertification Introduct
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Region Estimates of Populations and
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1960; 500,000 in 1973. In 1975, in
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Adaptation of the Hydrological Cycl
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eluctance to cut back on stock numb
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effect. Finer materials are lifted
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such measures involve the disruptio
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Slash-and-Burn Agriculture. This me
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Issues in Reconstruction Peculiar t
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Chapter 9 Deforestation Introductio
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uncontrolled deforestation is a sym
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Related Disasters Description of Ph
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exploitable timber available per pe
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implementation. But essential as th
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Analogue modeling — the applicati
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Crater — a bowl-shaped depression
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organizations (public and private),
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Fault — a planar or gently curved
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Hurricane — in the Western Hemisp
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Malnutrition — the condition of s
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Precipitation — in meteorology, w
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— S — Sand dune stabilization
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Telemetry — the use of communicat
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Vulnerability — the extent to whi
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International Society on Disaster M
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University of Colorado Natural Haza
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Disaster Management Center Universi
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