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) regular monitoring of dryland status c) a study of the relationship between water and cereal crops d) electronic monitoring of rainfall in arid regions e) none of the above 10. A good pilot project for fighting desertification will: a) rely on outside experts b) enlist government support c) use Landsat mapping to prove its worth d) discourage traditional methods since they are part of the problem e) be practical and enlist community support 11. Removal of marginal lands from traditional livelihood systems is: a) possible with financial inducements b) possible by establishing forest reserves c) not possible at all d) not likely to succeed without offering acceptable alternative livelihoods e) possible through police regulation 12. Two factors in determining priorities of programs to fight desertification are: a) severity of impact and the degree of vulnerability b) amount of area available for reclamation and community response c) land-use-practice enforcement and water supplies d) effect of resettlement and feasibility of grazing studies e) none of the above 13. The first step in the assessment of dryland pastures is: a) to take a survey of land use b) mapping c) topographic photography d) statistical analysis of people and livestock e) to secure foreign aid 14. Green belts are a form of: a) irrigation b) open range c) livestock disease d) controlled reserves e) water conservation 15. Terracing is a method used to combat: a) gullying b) wind erosion c) sheet erosion d) overgrazing e) drought 16. A program to fight desertification will use: a) a single set of remedies b) applications of newly discovered solutions c) flexibility d) imported systems of monitoring e) none of the above Answer Key – Lesson 8 1. d 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. a 7. a 8. d 9. b 10. e 11. d 12. a 13. b 14. d 15. c 16. c
Lesson 9 - Deforestation Study Guide Overview This unit explains deforestation, a process closely related to the process of desertification studied in the previous lesson. Its impact on the built and natural environments and the economic and social conditions leading to deforestation are described. Recovery strategies and problems are outlined. Steps to mitigate or prevent the process are also covered. Learning Objectives • Define deforestation. • Locate the zones of deforestation in the world. Identify the primary and secondary effects of deforestation. • Describe the impact of these effects on a country’s economy and development. • List the economic and social conditions that lead to deforestation. • Indicate the value of deforestation prediction. • List deforestation prevention and mitigation measures that can be implemented by a volag. • Explain ways of inducing cooperation from government agencies and affected populations. Learning Activities • Read Chapter 91 in the text. • Review Appendix I. Evaluation Complete the self-assessment test.
Page 1 and 2: Natural Hazards: Causes and Effects
Page 3 and 4: This publication was prepared by th
Page 5 and 6: Introduction How to Get Started Thi
Page 7 and 8: eruption may be the saturation of a
Page 9 and 10: Course Objectives Lesson 1 Introduc
Page 11 and 12: Lesson 1 - Introduction to Natural
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Page 17 and 18: Lesson 3 - Tsunamis Study Guide Ove
Page 19 and 20: Lesson 4 - Volcanoes Study Guide Ov
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Page 25 and 26: ) two secondary responses handled b
Page 29 and 30: Lesson 7 - Drought Study Guide Over
Page 31 and 32: ) often easier than implementing th
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Page 39 and 40: Natural Hazards: Causes and Effects
Page 41 and 42: Contents List of Figures List of Ta
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 1 Introduction to Natural H
Page 45 and 46: Type of Event Number of People Kill
Page 47 and 48: Low-income Economy Afghanistan Bang
Page 49 and 50: Phases of a Disaster Disaster speci
Page 51 and 52: Effects of Disasters Each type of d
Page 53 and 54: take steps to prevent the disaster,
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 2 Earthquakes Introduction
Page 57 and 58: Himalayan zone. Most earthquakes ap
Page 59 and 60: The different rates of travel betwe
Page 61 and 62: Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale o
Page 63 and 64: Frequency of Earthquakes More than
Page 65 and 66: How an earthquake damages a house F
Page 67 and 68: Rupture Zones and Epicenters in Cen
Page 69 and 70: of population from rural to urban a
Page 71 and 72: In all emergency activities it is o
Page 73 and 74: Notes 1 Rita Funaro-Curtis, Natural
Page 75 and 76: foundations by the water buoyancy.
Page 77 and 78: Impact on Natural and Built Environ
Page 79 and 80: Disaster Mitigation The most system
Page 81 and 82: - for tsunamis of local origin, pot
Page 83 and 84: Chapter 4 Volcanoes Introduction Ov
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production of sugar and cattle. Bec
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lava is a thin fluid (not viscous),
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then cool as thin, gently dipping s
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drains, causing flooding during sub
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then recognized, but today an incre
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Volcanic Zoning and Risk Mapping Wi
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1. Environmental Effects Volcano Di
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Altogether the combined disaster of
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force caused by the earth’s rotat
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An atmosphere disturbance forces wa
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The Saffir / Simpson Hurricane Scal
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measures as have to be devised and
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Storm Surge Source: Cuny, Disasters
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a set of activities in anticipation
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and buildings will affect the veloc
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How High Winds Damage Buildings Win
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• developing an effective forecas
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Notes 1 INTERTECT, The Potential Co
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1. Environmental Effects Tropical C
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also by human changes to the surfac
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The most noted floods are associate
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Magmatic Water ATMOSPHERE The Hydro
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Seasonality —Inundation of land d
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• Since Landsat images are taken
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The second step in vulnerability re
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100-year flood, since this frequenc
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• Publish a master plan report wi
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• Blankets can be useful, but if
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Initial Response By Local Authoriti
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Notes 1 INTERTECT, The Potential Co
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Chapter 7 Drought Introduction Drou
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In addition to the droughts in the
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The Drought Cycle Normal Hydrologic
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• priority be given to developing
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land aware of the issues. Planning
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The importance of responding to the
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Chapter 8 Desertification Introduct
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Region Estimates of Populations and
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1960; 500,000 in 1973. In 1975, in
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Adaptation of the Hydrological Cycl
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eluctance to cut back on stock numb
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effect. Finer materials are lifted
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such measures involve the disruptio
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Slash-and-Burn Agriculture. This me
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Issues in Reconstruction Peculiar t
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Chapter 9 Deforestation Introductio
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uncontrolled deforestation is a sym
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Related Disasters Description of Ph
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exploitable timber available per pe
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implementation. But essential as th
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Analogue modeling — the applicati
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Crater — a bowl-shaped depression
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organizations (public and private),
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Fault — a planar or gently curved
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Hurricane — in the Western Hemisp
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Malnutrition — the condition of s
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Precipitation — in meteorology, w
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— S — Sand dune stabilization
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Telemetry — the use of communicat
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Vulnerability — the extent to whi
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International Society on Disaster M
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University of Colorado Natural Haza
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Disaster Management Center Universi
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