Natural Hazards: Causes and Effects - Disaster Management Center ...

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Typhoon committee — in 1968, the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) and the World Meteorological Organization jointly sponsored the establishment of an intergovernmental typhoon committee responsible for coordinating the planning and implementation of measures to minimize typhoon damage in the ESCAP region. The committee’s program includes meteorological and hydrological activities, disaster prevention and preparedness, training and research. — U — Undernutrition — the state of calorie/protein intake that is less than recommended minimum requirements and may be the result of poor eating habits, inadequate knowledge of nutritional requirements, or limited availability of necessary nutrients. Undernutrition can be a constant and undetected condition for several years before becoming debilitating. UNDP — United Nations Development Program. Basic development tool of the U.N. system, with headquarters in New York and resident coordinators in each developing member country. The resident coordinator serves as UNDRO representative for disaster relief and preparedness matters in lieu of UNDRO presence. UNDRO — Office of the United Nations Disaster Relief Coordinator: Geneva based organization with responsibility for coordinating disaster prevention, preparedness and relief operations within the U.N. system and among member countries. UNEP — United Nations Environmental Program. UNESCO — United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. UNICEF — United Nations Children’s Fund. — V — Volag — voluntary agency/private voluntary agency. Volcanic eruption — the sudden discharge of heated matter, i.e., lava, cinders, ashes, gases, and dust, from a volcanic vent. Volcanic seismicity — the shaking of the ground near a volcano, which may precede an eruption. Generally microseismic, yet increasing in magnitude within hours of potential eruption. Volcano — a vent in the earth’s crust through which molten lava, gases, etc., are discharged; the mountain formed by such discharges. Voluntary agencies (or volags) — nongovernmental agencies or organizations that exist in many countries throughout the world. Some possess personnel trained to assist when disaster strikes. Some volags have capabilities that extend from the local to national and international levels. Vortex — the eye or center of a cyclone, hurricane, or typhoon.
Vulnerability — the extent to which a country, area, community or structure risks being damaged by a disaster. — W — Warning system — communications capability designed to disseminate information on conditions that are likely to result in drought, flood, earthquake, or other similar disasters. Watershed — all land and water within the confines of a drainage divide. This is also called a “catch basin,” or “drainage basin,” i.e., an area of land where runoff flows into the same stream. Weathering — a process that breaks up weaker or softer rocks by atmospheric activites and gravity. Weather modification — the change of natural weather phenomena by humans to effect fog dispersal, cloud modification, rainmaking, hail and lightning suppression. The modification of severe storms, however, is still in its infancy. Weather facsimile communications system (WEFAX) — used to protect houses, crops, or animals against wind damages. Windbreak — a barrier, such as a strip of trees, used to protect houses, crops, or animals against wind damages. World Meteorological Organization (WMO) — headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. A specialized agency of the United Nations, which promotes international cooperation in the establishment of meteorological networks, provides uniform standards in information dissemination, and encourages training and research in meteorology and hydrology. World Food Program (WFP) — an agency of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, located in Rome, which provides food assistance using contributions from the international community. The food assistance may be used in development activities or for emergencies. WSB — Wheat-soya blend, precooked blend of whole wheat flour, defatted soy flour, vitamins, sugar, and chemicals, sometimes distributed in supplementary feeding during a disaster. — Z — Zonation — the arrangement of an area, country, or region into zones according to its disaster incidence rate; particularly significant with regard to earthquakes (see microzonation). Zulu time — see Greenwich Mean Time.
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Natural Hazards: Causes and Effects
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This publication was prepared by th
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Introduction How to Get Started Thi
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eruption may be the saturation of a
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Course Objectives Lesson 1 Introduc
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Lesson 1 - Introduction to Natural
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_____ 9. The transitional period an
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Lesson 2 - Self-Assessment Test Mul
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Lesson 3 - Tsunamis Study Guide Ove
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Lesson 4 - Volcanoes Study Guide Ov
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a) frequency of tremors b) upward m
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) two secondary responses handled b
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Lesson 7 - Drought Study Guide Over
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) often easier than implementing th
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Lesson 9 - Deforestation Study Guid
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10. One method holding great promis
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Natural Hazards: Causes and Effects
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Contents List of Figures List of Ta
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Natural H
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Type of Event Number of People Kill
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Low-income Economy Afghanistan Bang
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Phases of a Disaster Disaster speci
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Effects of Disasters Each type of d
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take steps to prevent the disaster,
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Chapter 2 Earthquakes Introduction
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Himalayan zone. Most earthquakes ap
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The different rates of travel betwe
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Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale o
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Frequency of Earthquakes More than
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How an earthquake damages a house F
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Rupture Zones and Epicenters in Cen
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of population from rural to urban a
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In all emergency activities it is o
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Notes 1 Rita Funaro-Curtis, Natural
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foundations by the water buoyancy.
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Impact on Natural and Built Environ
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Disaster Mitigation The most system
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- for tsunamis of local origin, pot
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Chapter 4 Volcanoes Introduction Ov
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production of sugar and cattle. Bec
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lava is a thin fluid (not viscous),
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then cool as thin, gently dipping s
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drains, causing flooding during sub
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then recognized, but today an incre
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Volcanic Zoning and Risk Mapping Wi
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1. Environmental Effects Volcano Di
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Altogether the combined disaster of
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force caused by the earth’s rotat
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An atmosphere disturbance forces wa
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The Saffir / Simpson Hurricane Scal
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measures as have to be devised and
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Storm Surge Source: Cuny, Disasters
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a set of activities in anticipation
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and buildings will affect the veloc
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How High Winds Damage Buildings Win
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• developing an effective forecas
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Notes 1 INTERTECT, The Potential Co
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1. Environmental Effects Tropical C
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also by human changes to the surfac
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The most noted floods are associate
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Magmatic Water ATMOSPHERE The Hydro
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Seasonality —Inundation of land d
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• Since Landsat images are taken
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The second step in vulnerability re
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100-year flood, since this frequenc
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• Publish a master plan report wi
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• Blankets can be useful, but if
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Initial Response By Local Authoriti
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Notes 1 INTERTECT, The Potential Co
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Chapter 7 Drought Introduction Drou
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In addition to the droughts in the
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The Drought Cycle Normal Hydrologic
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Page 155 and 156: The importance of responding to the
Page 157 and 158: Chapter 8 Desertification Introduct
Page 159 and 160: Region Estimates of Populations and
Page 161 and 162: 1960; 500,000 in 1973. In 1975, in
Page 163 and 164: Adaptation of the Hydrological Cycl
Page 165 and 166: eluctance to cut back on stock numb
Page 167 and 168: effect. Finer materials are lifted
Page 169 and 170: such measures involve the disruptio
Page 171 and 172: Slash-and-Burn Agriculture. This me
Page 173 and 174: Issues in Reconstruction Peculiar t
Page 175 and 176: Chapter 9 Deforestation Introductio
Page 177 and 178: uncontrolled deforestation is a sym
Page 179 and 180: Related Disasters Description of Ph
Page 181 and 182: exploitable timber available per pe
Page 183 and 184: implementation. But essential as th
Page 185 and 186: Analogue modeling — the applicati
Page 187 and 188: Crater — a bowl-shaped depression
Page 189 and 190: organizations (public and private),
Page 191 and 192: Fault — a planar or gently curved
Page 193 and 194: Hurricane — in the Western Hemisp
Page 195 and 196: Malnutrition — the condition of s
Page 197 and 198: Precipitation — in meteorology, w
Page 199 and 200: — S — Sand dune stabilization
Page 201: Telemetry — the use of communicat
Page 205 and 206: International Society on Disaster M
Page 207 and 208: University of Colorado Natural Haza
Page 209: Disaster Management Center Universi
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