Natural Hazards: Causes and Effects - Disaster Management Center ...
Natural Hazards: Causes and Effects - Disaster Management Center ... Natural Hazards: Causes and Effects - Disaster Management Center ...
Funding Funding for floodplain management programs and facilities typically has low priority. Floodplain management must compete for funds from the same limited resources that fund a myriad of other services. It behooves the professionals in this field to convince the funding sources that floodplain management is an integral and important part of community services. Floodplain management facilities need to be planned, designed, constructed and maintained. Inadequate funding of floodplain management compromises its effectiveness, often creating greater longterm costs. Floodplain management programs provide the linkage between the planning documents and the actual implementation of the plans. These management programs need funds to develop information on floodplains, to document drainage problems, to monitor development activities, to review development proposals, to meet with involved parties, and to provide all other services that significantly reduce the potential of past mistakes being repeated. Economies of scale can be achieved if technical review assistance and criteria guidance are provided on a regional basis. Much of the responsibility for implementing these activities lies with the public sector. However, nongovernment organizations can also play important roles. They can take the lead in organizing the communities affected by floodplain management, assisting individuals in either relocation or in flood protection of their property, or facilitating the master planning to accommodate the particular needs of the affected community. Summary The most important point to remember is this: floodplain management must consist of several actions that, when taken in concert, effectively reduce flood damage potential. A vast array of individual actions can be taken. These can be categorized as preventive or remedial. The common denominator of any floodplain management program, however, is floodplain regulation. It is important to combine both remedial and preventive actions in developing a floodplain management program. The specific actions that are implemented and the approach to their implementation will vary from community to community. Each community must identify its needs, resources, and objectives and develop accordingly a floodplain management program. (See Fig. 6.3) The basic guide that enables local government to implement a comprehensive floodplain program is a drainageway master plan. A master plan provides documentation for identifying the problems, defining the limits of the floodplain, and outlining proposed preventive and remedial actions to be taken to reduce the flood damage potential. Without a master plan it is difficult to achieve consistency of action and to solve the problems. 13 The following are lessons learned from past flood disasters: • Floods do not cause outbreaks of cholera. Cholera must be endemic to the community before the flood strikes. • Massive long-term food aid is rarely required after a flood, although food distribution systems may need to be set up immediately after a flood in the affected area. • Used clothing is almost never needed; it is usually culturally inappropriate. Though accepted by disaster victims, it is almost never worn.
• Blankets can be useful, but if they are needed they can be found locally and do not need to be imported. • Flood mitigation and reconstruction programs must be integrated with long-term development programs. • Reconstruction assistance in agriculture can provide a strong stimulus to recovery and a base for positive changes. • Reconstruction programs should seek to reduce the vulnerability of communities. • Re-establishment of the local agricultural economy and of job security is more important to flood victims than material assistance. See also Table 6.1 and 6.2 for summary of preparedness and post-disaster activities for floods. Flood Plain Management Diagram Figure 6.3
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• Blankets can be useful, but if they are needed they can be found locally <strong>and</strong> do not need to<br />
be imported.<br />
• Flood mitigation <strong>and</strong> reconstruction programs must be integrated with long-term development<br />
programs.<br />
• Reconstruction assistance in agriculture can provide a strong stimulus to recovery <strong>and</strong> a<br />
base for positive changes.<br />
• Reconstruction programs should seek to reduce the vulnerability of communities.<br />
• Re-establishment of the local agricultural economy <strong>and</strong> of job security is more important to<br />
flood victims than material assistance.<br />
See also Table 6.1 <strong>and</strong> 6.2 for summary of preparedness <strong>and</strong> post-disaster activities for floods.<br />
Flood Plain <strong>Management</strong> Diagram<br />
Figure 6.3
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