Natural Hazards: Causes and Effects - Disaster Management Center ...
Natural Hazards: Causes and Effects - Disaster Management Center ... Natural Hazards: Causes and Effects - Disaster Management Center ...
Review of the Priority Subject Area: Natural Disasters, United Nations Environment Program, Report of the Executive Director, 1977–UNEP Report No. 3. Whipple, A.B.C. and the Editors of Time-Life Books, Planet Earth: Storm, Time-Life Books, Alexandria, Virginia, 1982, p. 84. White, Ann U., “Global Summary of Human Response to Natural Hazards: Tropical Cyclone”, in Natural Hazards: Local, National, Global, Gilbert White, Editor, Oxford University Press, 1974, p. 258. Whitton, John, Disasters: The Anatomy of Environmental Hazards, University of Georgia Press, Athens, 1979, p. 253.
1. Environmental Effects Tropical Cyclone Disaster Overview Effects Consequences High Winds Damage structures; destroy some standing crops; damage orchards and trees Intense Rains Cause flooding that damages structures, may cause evacuations, landslides; damage certain crops (tubers); erosion Storm surge Causes rapid flooding with above effects; scours and erodes topsoil; may increase salinity in subsurface water; destroys most crops 2. Patterns of Injury and Surgical Needs in Disasters Without storm surges, injuries exceed deaths. Moderate surgical needs. With storm surges, deaths exceed injuries. Moderate surgical needs within first 72 hours. 3. Patterns of Disease Resulting from Disasters Actual Immediate Epidemiological Threat Secondary Epidemiological Threat None Waterborne diseases (except cholera), vectorborne diseases 4. Immediate Social and Economic Consequences of Disasters Loss of housing Disruption of marketing systems Loss of industrial production Disruption of communications Loss of business production Looting Damage to infrastructure 5. Effects of Natural Hazards On Land Structures Agriculture Trees High Winds Damages buildings, Damage to standing Widespread power lines, towers crops such as grains loss of timber Flooding Damages structures Damage to standing crops Minor losses in flood areas Flooding Extensive damage to Extensive damage to crops, Loss of trees (storm surge) structures, roads, etc. irrigation systems; leaves harmful salt deposits, scours topsoil, contaminates wells 6. Response to Disasters (Ideal) Initial Response: By Local Authorities By Foreign Intervenors Evacuation; search and rescue; medical assistance; Cash; assistance in reopening roads, disaster assessment; provision of short-term food/water; re-establishing communications, contact water purification; epid. surveillance; with remote areas; disaster assessment; provision of temporary lodging. assistance with water purification. Secondary Response: Repair/reconstruction of infrastructure, housing, Repair/reconstruction of housing; jobs; public buildings; jobs; assistance to agriculture, credit; technical assistance to small business, fishermen. agriculture, small business, institutions. 7. Appropriate Aid cash loans or credit blankets temporary lodging agricultural assistace short-term feeding (normal foods)
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Review of the Priority Subject Area: <strong>Natural</strong> <strong>Disaster</strong>s, United Nations Environment Program, Report of the<br />
Executive Director, 1977–UNEP Report No. 3.<br />
Whipple, A.B.C. <strong>and</strong> the Editors of Time-Life Books, Planet Earth: Storm, Time-Life Books, Alex<strong>and</strong>ria, Virginia,<br />
1982, p. 84.<br />
White, Ann U., “Global Summary of Human Response to <strong>Natural</strong> <strong>Hazards</strong>: Tropical Cyclone”, in <strong>Natural</strong> <strong>Hazards</strong>:<br />
Local, National, Global, Gilbert White, Editor, Oxford University Press, 1974, p. 258.<br />
Whitton, John, <strong>Disaster</strong>s: The Anatomy of Environmental <strong>Hazards</strong>, University of Georgia Press, Athens, 1979, p.<br />
253.
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