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Joint International Conference on Long-term Experiments ...

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Carb<strong>on</strong>-dioxide and nitrous-oxide sampling<br />

Carb<strong>on</strong>-dioxide and nitrous-oxide fluxes were measured by the vented flux chamber<br />

method. In each measurement plot, duplicate anchors measuring 73.7 X 35.4 X 12.0 cm<br />

capped with U-shaped channels (1.8 cm wide by 1.9 cm deep) welded to the outer-edge<br />

were driven about 10 cm into the soil. Within each plot, anchors were placed 10 m<br />

apart and a carpenter’s level was used to ensure that the anchors were level with the soil<br />

surface. Gas fluxes were measured by placing chambers that measured 75.8 X 38 X 13<br />

cm over the anchors to cover the soil surface. To ensure that there was no gas exchange<br />

between chamber and atmosphere during sampling, the U-shaped channel of the anchor<br />

was filled with water to form an air-tight seal before sampling began. Samples were<br />

then collected from the chambers through a rubber septum at regular intervals of 0, 5,<br />

10, and 15 min after deployment using a 20 mL polypropylene syringe and pressurized<br />

into 12 mL pre-evacuated vials. Gas sampling was d<strong>on</strong>e 14 times <strong>on</strong>t he following days:<br />

June 15, 19, 20, 22, 27, 29; July 6, 10, 14, 21, 26; and August 4, 9, 16. CO2, and N2O<br />

c<strong>on</strong>centrati<strong>on</strong> of the gas samples was de<strong>term</strong>ined using Varian CP 3800 Gas<br />

Chromatograph.<br />

Soil temperature and soil moisture data<br />

Soil moisture c<strong>on</strong>tent (%) and soil temperature (°C) measurement was d<strong>on</strong>e together<br />

with gas sampling <strong>on</strong> the same sampling points. Soil moisture was de<strong>term</strong>ined with a<br />

TRIME-TDR equipment at depth of 12 cm. Soil temperature was measured with a<br />

thermometer at 10 cm depth close to the gas samling chambers. Daily precipitati<strong>on</strong><br />

(mm) and average daily air temperature (°C) data were compiled from the<br />

meteorological stati<strong>on</strong> of the experimental farm (http://agmetx.agry.purdue.edu).<br />

Statistical analysis<br />

Statistical analysis was performed with SAS Versi<strong>on</strong> 8.2 program (SAS Institute, Inc.,<br />

2002). Multivariate linear regressi<strong>on</strong> analysis was carried out to de<strong>term</strong>ine the effect of<br />

soil moisture c<strong>on</strong>tent, soil temperature and day of sampling (after applicati<strong>on</strong> of<br />

nitrogen fertilizer), besides the effect of tillage and rotati<strong>on</strong> treatments for carb<strong>on</strong>dioxide<br />

and nitrous-oxide emissi<strong>on</strong>. Predicted values of gas emissi<strong>on</strong> were calculated<br />

using the regressi<strong>on</strong> equati<strong>on</strong>s.<br />

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION<br />

Carb<strong>on</strong>-dioxide emissi<strong>on</strong><br />

Carb<strong>on</strong>-dioxide emissi<strong>on</strong> was significantly (P=0,05) influenced by soil temperature and<br />

sampling day. Carb<strong>on</strong>-dioxide emissi<strong>on</strong> was the highest in no-till , although the<br />

emissi<strong>on</strong> was higher than 6000 mg/m 2 /hr in all treatments; am<strong>on</strong>g crop rotati<strong>on</strong>s corn<br />

m<strong>on</strong>oculture showed the highest emissi<strong>on</strong> values. Figure 1 shows the predicted values<br />

of CO2 emissi<strong>on</strong> influenced by soil temperature and sampling day.<br />

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