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THE ROLE OF WATER QUALITY IN INFANTILE ALIMENTATION Andrei Csép, Draghici Sonia, Lenard Ildiko, Mirela Indries, Nicoleta Negrut University of Oradea, Faculty of Medicine and Farmacy ABSTRACT The study makes concrete reference to the risks linked to the water consume, which doesn’t correspond from a chemical point of view, through the presence and the concentration over the limits admitted by nitrates and nitrites in the water used at milk powder preparation, distributed through the national programme and used in the alimentation of babies. Keywords: water, nitrate content, intoxication, Faecal coliforms, Faecal streptococci INTRODUCTION Nitrate intoxication was firstly described and named well water intoxication in 1945 (quoted from Biro O.). It is also known under the name of infantile intoxication, infantile cyanotic methemoglobinemia, or the newborn’s blue disease, because the dominant symptom is cyanosis, symptom that can lead to the rapid diagnostication of the disease. (Chiotan, 1999) The nitrates enter the organism altogether with the foodstuff of vegetal and animal origin, but mainly through drinking water. They can have a double origin in water: a) They can come from soils rich in nitrogen salts, when their origin is considered natural; b) As a consequence of water pollution, that comes either directly from nitrates (e.g. industrial and agricultural pollution with nitrogen-based fertilizers), or from organic substances, which through decomposition release nitrates. Nitrates are not toxic by themselves. To achieve this quality, they have to undergo a reduction process and be transformed in nitrites. Transformation may take place: a) Exogenously (in water), but only in the warm periods of the year, and in the presence of a reductive flora; b) Endogenously (in organism), under the action of the same reductive flora; This reductive flora either gets up in the distal digestive tract in the proximal region where the absorption takes place in case of digestive perturbations (coliform germs), or gets down from nasal-pharynges in the case of some diseases, such as: rhinitis, tonsilitis, otitis etc, especially if they are caused by streptostaphilococci. The nitrites that entered the body combine with the haemoglobin (Hb) forming methemoglobin (MHb), leading to a deficit of oxygen. The seriousness of the disease (clinical forms) is given by the quantity of bloked haemoglobin (that is the percent of MHb) (Biro, 1993): • The superficial form appears between 10 – 25% and is characterized by cyanosis of face (lips, nose), extremities (nails, finger tips) and mucous membrane 580
• The intermediary form appears between 25 – 45%, and dyspnoea, tachycardia, cardiac breath, headaches are added to the symptoms characteristic to the superficial form • The severe form appears over 50%, convulsions, arhytmia, coma and even death (blue death due to asphyxia) being added to the previously mentioned symptoms characteristic for superficial and intermediary forms of the disease The disease is present almost exclusively in little children, from the first year of their life, who are fed artificially (Ciofu E., Ciofu C, 1999, Aplleton & Lange, 1993), due to the following special physiological characteristics of the sucklings: • Gastric acidity is lower in the first months of life; • 80% of the suckling’s Hb is of fetal type, being more unstable and easier to be oxidized in comparison with the adult’s Hb.; • Water quantity (hence of nitrates) ingested by the baby, with respect to the blood volume, is about 12 times higher than in the case of an adult; • Some enzymatic deficiencies (deficit of glucoso-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase) favour the appearance of the disease; • A high frequency disease rate in athrepsic suckling, with gastro-intestinal perturbations and infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was made on 17 sucklings from some rural places of Bihor county, hospitalized in 2006. The methodology that was used during the experiment was imposed by Ministry of Family and Health, by studying t€he medical records sent by the health units with beds to the Public Health Directorate of Bihor County. The data collected from these medical records are presented in the following tables: Table 1. Data collected from the patients’ medical records Case No. Sex Age till the debut (months) Alimentation Association with BDA Clinical form 1 male 1-2 natural no Sever 2 female 0-1 mixed no Medium 3 female 0-1 Natural no Sever 4 male 0-1 Artificial no Sever 5 female 7-8 Artificial no Medium 6 female 2-3 Natural no Sever 7 female 0-1 Mixed yes Sever 8 male 1-2 Artificial yes Sever 9 female 0-1 natural no Medium 10 male 2-3 artificial no Medium 581
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Joint Inte
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CONTENTS INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL FERT
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THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN SUPPLY, LIMI
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THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL AND BIOFE
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STUDIES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF
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PREFACE With the general aims to co
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For a better knowledge of applicati
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pH values pH values 8 6 pH values 6
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In the preluvosoil conditions the m
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REFERENCES Bedo, Z.- Lang, L. (1977
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mean (fixed, i.e. systematic effect
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29% in the first 15 years of the ex
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Table 2. Variance and regression pa
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The b = 1.7 value recorded for Trea
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THE IMPACT OF PLANT BREEDING ON SEE
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modified pedigree breeding method,
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“Rigel” seed multiplication com
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The benefits of the cultivars bred
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ABSTRACT SOME LESSONS LEARNED FROM
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about 100 m above sea-level with ye
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Table 3: Effect of treatments on so
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ammoniumlactate-soluble P2O5 and K2
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MODIS NDVI data from the Terra and
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NDVI 0,8 0,75 0,7 0,65 0,6 0,55 0,5
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The a*cos(2π*i/12) periodic compon
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RAINFALL, FERTILIZATION AND LIMING
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1999 to 2006. The main experiment
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Jolánkai M. (2005): Effect of clim
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classified according to the soil te
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Relatív termés (100 NP/NPK), % 3.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This study was fina
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Table 2. The oldest and most import
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plan of the uniform countrywide fie
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• The effect of climate change ca
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MATERIALS AND METHODS An organic an
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TOC % 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 bc b
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The much better performance of the
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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION IN LONG-TER
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Carbon-dioxide and nitrous-oxide sa
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Nitrous-oxide emission Nitrous-oxid
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CH BC N2O = - 8,839 + 0,6904 * Mois
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INFLUENCES OF AMELIORATIVE FERTILIZ
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samples were measured by the ICP-AE
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Table 3. Influences of ameliorative
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Egner, H., Riehm, H., Domingo, W.R.
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To resolve genetics of grain qualit
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Table 2. Average values of analyzed
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CROP ROTATION AND GREEN MANURE INFL
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Organic Chemical Chemical fertiliza
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Influence of the crop rotation and
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REFERENCES 1. Budoi Gh., Penescu A.
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MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimen
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average of watered treatments resul
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Table 4: Changes in soil properties
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epetitions, where the main treatmen
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that usually conventional tillage h
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RESEARCHES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE
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Crop rotation Water regime Water re
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conditions. The values, registered
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CRISANA -THE FIRST ROMANIAN WHEAT V
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In addition, we used recurent selec
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Table 2: The root length of some wh
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Table 5: Productions and quality re
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EXPERIMENTS WITH PERENNIAL RYE (SEC
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green mass (6,8-7 t/ha/year dry mas
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REFERENCES Kotvics G. (1963): A Sec
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een shown to cause leucoencephaloma
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Marasas, W.F.O., Kellerman, W.C.A,
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minerals (Čuvanová et al. 2006).
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01/2). For the latest periods (fatt
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1. GENERAL APPROACH TO EUROREGIONAL
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Association - fig. 2), on the other
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communication between the two assoc
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The juridical settlement of the Bih
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EFFECT OF BORON FERTILIZATION ON AN
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3. Examinations of fruit quality Fo
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Fruit density was increased applyin
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Wills, R. B. H. - Lim, J. S. K. - G
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Nosticzius, 1992). Among these, soi
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The dry mat
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The amount of nitrogen uptake by th
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ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN SUP
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exactly known due to the size of th
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Table 3: Dry matter production of p
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more definite in the non limed trea
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compare these levels with the Europ
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Table 3. Natural occurrence of myco
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CORRELATIONS OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC
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1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200
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Table 3: Land use/ha 1960 1970 1980
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RIDING TOURISM IN THE NORTHERN GREA
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visitors belonging to all types of
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Concerning the weather long autumn
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2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 6
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technical supervision of the Debrec
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TISSUE CULTURE METHODS FOR SCREENIN
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symptoms could be observable in the
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experiments the other clones and we
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Shoot culture
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that callus induction and developme
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COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES IN A SEVE
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Table 1: Mean squares of GCA and SC
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combination. We could not obtained
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SUSTAINABLE LAND-USE BASED ON WESTS
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green manure treatment, where lupin
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In Westsik's crop rotation experime
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Crop rotation breaks the weed and i
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The reliability of the method was c
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The increased phosphorus rates incr
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REFERENCES Basha S.M, Roberts R.M (
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Sandy soils w
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AL soluble Ca (mg/kg) 350 300 250 2
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gradually from soils containing 100
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agriculture in Hungary, especially
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according to the treatments. Obtain
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Table 4: Results of regression anal
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From obtained data, it can be estab
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Tops soil (0-30 cm) samples were ta
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Table 5: Impact fertilizing and lim
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COMPOSTED SLAUGHTERHOUSE BY-PRODUCT
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The mature compost became friable,
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maximal yield could be reached at 5
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unfavourable years. 100-200 t/ha do
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THE EFFECT OF BENTONITE ON SPECIFIC
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RESULTS The effect of treatments on
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dosages significantly reduced the a
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DISCUSSION In our experiments, we f
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INVESTIGATION OF MINERAL CONTENT IN
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Element Ammonium-nitrate Superphosp
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According to our results, the effec
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REFERENCES Debreczeni, B., Debrecze
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micronutrient soil tests for many y
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LE and KCl-EDTA extracted similar a
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Table 4. Correlation coefficient be
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YIELD OF RYE AS AFFECTED BY THE CRO
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Table 2: Mean temperature at Nyíre
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It was found that either way of app
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2 The main modification properties
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4 Table 2: Percent of alfalfa and-
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THE IMPORTANCE OF LONG-TERM FIELD E
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essential to the determination of t
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The comparison of the nutrient cont
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environment for three years, then t
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PC 2 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 V2 V5
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Figure 2: Genetic similarity among
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Frenot, Y., Aubry, M., Misset, M. T
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Three foliar fertilizations were do
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CONCLUSIONS The rigorous experiment
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some pathogen agents, a chemical an
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� The pH decrease in the greenhou
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RESULTS AND DISSCUSSIONS 1. The pro
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may employ (wheat) flour produced f
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For the conditions in from Western
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Yield losses millet hay (%) 80 70 6
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- 0,6093) and extremely significant
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CONCLUSIONS The experimental field
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Evaluation of effect of fertilizati
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Table 3: Dry matter content of pars
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On sandy soil, the total N content
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THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL AND BIOFE
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Bacillus megatherium soil bacteria,
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N content of plant: Studying the ni
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chernozem soil in all pots either.
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THE INFLUENCE OF USING BIOLOGICAL A
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2. The influence of using inoculant
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Table 3: The evolution of weight ga
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REFERENCES 4. Anon D.L. (1997): - S
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chernozem represents the dominant s
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AD% AD% 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 T
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Negative reaction was recorded in t
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The Tentant variety positively reac
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Table 1. The density of harmful pes
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vegetation period, without affectin
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THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTROLLING FORMA
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3:1 to 5:3 . In the following exper
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REFERENCES 1. Bartzokas, C. A., K.
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For micro-elements, EDTA+KCl 15 tim
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Ca CO3(%) = AL − Cax2,5 10000 EDT
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ABSTRACT BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION O
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profiles were typical for catena po
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Table 2: Collembola species composi
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Larsen, T., P. Schjonning, J. Axels
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The alimentary problem has constitu
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Table 3. The average annual consump
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FROM FARM TO FORK - EVALUATION OF C
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we made a deeper vertical sampling
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Although the toxic element content
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supp
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l/mp 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Fig. 3 M
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during this period, though not so s
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• the pluviometric regime was als
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1. Specific weight was study accord
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Table 4. Absolut weight MA g result
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Very significant decrease are in V4
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OCEAN DYNAMICS: AIR-SEA INTERFACE G
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∂ C Φ = - ε (3) ∂z where Φ i
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n = - 1 ⁄ 2 [1]-[4]. The later mo
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elucidated yet. We must also imply
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RESEARCHES ON THE QUICK METHOD OF S
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SU8 = (Za/QB) - 100; C8 = (Z8/P8) -
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There are the following calculation
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- preheaters - towards condensation
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Circulation speed of the concentrat
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RESEARCH ON SEEDING AGENTS TO EFFEC
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• about 160 porcelain balls havin
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For the crystal mass the following
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WATER DIFFUSION IN BREAD DURING BAK
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RESULTS Temperature distribution: W
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During the chemical changes the por
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CONCLUSIONS The water content in th
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those portions that are not, are no
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Tension: For bread prepared under l
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obscured. It has been stated that r
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THE MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF THE P
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It was marked with AI the area of t
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mcb [g] mcb [g] mcb [g] 0,040 0,030
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The calculation of engines with spa
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THE VARIATION OF EFFECTIVE POWER AN
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437
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ce [g/kW h] 400.019 350.019 300.019
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THE EFFECT OF THE GENOTYPE AND EXPL
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) The cultures were incubated at cc
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% embryogenic inductio 60 50 40 30
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Table 1 The three way Anova type 3x
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Table 4 The effect of developmental
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was the explant type (the developme
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ABSTRACT COMPARATIVE TESTS FOR SEPA
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Column extraction (Beck, H. and Mat
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Fat Percentage Fat percentage 4.4 4
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HIGHLIGHTING THE STATE OF FRESHNESS
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REFERENCES 1. Eftimie V.M. Particul
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In table 1 the results obtained as
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FORENSIC ASPECTS REGARDING DISASTER
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• depositing the bodies and the e
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FORM NO. 3 ITEM IDENTIFICATION Pers
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- utilised in a biogas processing p
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Viscosity [◦E] 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
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As in any other cyclic, infectious,
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usually incompatible with life or c
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The family doctors must be informed
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2. botulism of inoculation-through
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The repartition of the provenience
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3. The patients hospitalizations mo
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possibility that, due to the chelat
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difference of extinction % 120 100
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Horváth E., Szalai G., Pál m., P
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chlorophyll contents and the values
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Table 1.Estimative mean values for
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TREE GROWTH EQUATIONS IN DIFFERENT
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Image no.1 ImageTool programme was
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Following the results obtained, the
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ms. The placement of the areas was
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Another possible simulated break in
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- distribution after break case 2 y
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THE FREQUENCY OF DAYS WITH DIFFEREN
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200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120
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October, and at higher altitudes (0
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5. The frequency of tropical days r
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At the same time, the genesis of fl
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winter the floods frequency has sma
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% 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 I II III IV V
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RESEARCH REGARDING MAIN CHEMICAL RE
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• Ensuring the juice’ thermal s
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mud which is evacuated out of the p
Page 529 and 530: MATERIALS AND METHOD Apparatus Clea
Page 531 and 532: THE IMPORTANCE OF VOLATILE N-NITROS
Page 533 and 534: The fat cooked out of some of the b
Page 535 and 536: A problem concerning the formation
Page 537 and 538: Sample 3, found to contain 343 ppb
Page 539 and 540: LUNG CANCER CAUSED BY SMOKING AND C
Page 541 and 542: µg/g dry weight). The pulmonary Cd
Page 543 and 544: MATERIALS AND METHOD Apparatus and
Page 545 and 546: for either TLC or reverse-phase LC
Page 547 and 548: trigger still other responses. In t
Page 549 and 550: these general patterns appear to be
Page 551 and 552: The question of determining a “sa
Page 553 and 554: CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECT
Page 555 and 556: Figure 3.-Life Cycle of Echinococcu
Page 557 and 558: that the values are 1 case at 600.0
Page 559 and 560: Paraclinical data From the laborato
Page 561 and 562: THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY OF STERIG
Page 563 and 564: Column Chromatography Loosely place
Page 565 and 566: that spot intensity could be regene
Page 567 and 568: its metabolism by oxidative pathway
Page 569 and 570: Exposure time weeks 1 2 3 Table 2.
Page 571 and 572: attempted accommodation to the diet
Page 573 and 574: series, a dose of 0.5 ppm NDMA was
Page 575 and 576: At 500 ppb and at all higher doses,
Page 577 and 578: supernatants by a modified cadmium
Page 579: adioimmunoassay and by cadmium satu
Page 583 and 584: sex. In fact, there are no data in
Page 585 and 586: SOME ASPECTS OF SHELTER REGENERATIO
Page 587 and 588: In the following lines it is presen
Page 589 and 590: Număr de arbori 160 140 120 100 80
Page 591 and 592: Analysing the data presented in the
Page 593 and 594: WASTEWATER TREATMENT TEHNOLOGIES OF
Page 595 and 596: As a result of the comparisons betw
Page 597 and 598: CONCLUSIONS Anaerobe-aerobe treatme
Page 599 and 600: REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT USING CONSTRUC
Page 601 and 602: characterized by marshy plants like
Page 603 and 604: watersurface, but their roots are t
Page 605 and 606: • Which of the heavy metals that
Page 607 and 608: Figure 2 shows that Cd also is conc
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