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Liquid Chromatography Inject 20 μL concentrate or standard solution onto Vydac 201TP54 column and run mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-water at flow rate of 1 mL/min. Between injections, flush injection loop and port passages with 3 mL acetonitrile-water to prevent crosscontaminaton. For tentative identification, compare retention times of any peaks observed with those of known NPAH standards chromatographed under same conditions. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS All of the domestic smoked foods analyzed in this study were previously analyzed for their polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon content; ham, bacon, sausage, whiting, salmon, and trout represent this group. Some important smoked foods were also analyzed; oysters, clams, sardines, red snapper, and brislings represent this group. The 3 NPAHs used as standards for this study were chosen primarily because they were readily available and easily purified. These compounds represent some of the carcinogenic basic NPAHs, which might be found in contaminated smoked foods. CONCLUSIONS A relatively short, straightforward LC method has been developed for the analysis of several smoked foods for NPAHs. Although no NPAHs were isolated from any of the smoked foods analyzed, the recovery data indicate that the method is reliable. A study of the distribution ratios of DMBaAc, DbajAc, and DbahAc between cyclohexane and the aqueous ethanolic saponification digest indicates that the best recovery of the azaarenes occurred when the water-ethanol ratio was 1:1. Future studies will include oil-contaminated foods. REFERENCES 1. Buchanan, M. V., Ho, C., Guerin (1981) in Chemical Analysis and Biological Fate: Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Battelle Press, Columbus, OH, p. 133-144. 2. Hertz, H. S., et al. (1980) Anal. Chem. 52, 1650-1657. 3. Colin, H., Schmitter, J., & Guiochon, G. (1981) Anal. Chem. 53, 625-631. 4. Joe, F. L., Jr., Salemme, J., & Fazio, T. (1984) J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 67, 1076- 1082. 530
THE IMPORTANCE OF VOLATILE N-NITROSAMINES IN FOOD- PRODUCTS Lucian Bara, Camelia Bara, Vasile Bara, Dana Marele University of Oradea, Faculty of Environmental Protection 26, General Magheru Street, Oradea ABSTRACT A variety of food products containing nitrite were analyzed for 14 volatile N-nitrosamines by using a method demonstrated to be sensitive to 10 ppb. A total of 121 food samples were screened for volatile N-nitrosamine content. N-Nitrosopyrrolidine was confirmed in fried bacon at levels up to 139 ppb. N-Dimethylnitrosamine, N-nitrosopyrrolidine, and Nnitrosopiperidine were also confirmed in spice-cure mixtures at levels ranging from 50 to 2000 ppb. INTRODUCTION The many publications in the literature during the last years pertaining to the study of volatile Af-nitrosamines in the environment and in food supplies attest to the concern of the scientific community with these potent carcinogens. It has been shown that nitrosamines are formed by the action of nitrite on secondary and tertiary amines. The widespread use of nitrite as a preservative and color fixative, coupled with the natural occurrence of amines in foods, prompted the surveillance of products so preserved to determine the extent of these compounds in our food supply. The food products investigated to date include alcoholic beverages, bacon, fish, frankfurters, ham, spinach, bologna, prepared meat products, and meat spice-cure mixtures. This report continues the study of volatile N-nitrosamines in our food supply. The results of the analysis of 121 samples are given. MATERIALS AND METHOD Apparatus and Reagents: The silica gel and the solvents, methylene chloride, pentane, and ethyl ether, were purified and tested prior to use to ensure the absence of interfering peaks. Procedure: Fourteen compounds can be determined: N-nitroso-dimethylamine, - methylethyl-amine, -diethylamine, -methylpropylamine, -ethyl-propylamine, - dipropylamine, -ethylbutylamine, -propylbutylamine, -methylamylamine, -dibutylamine, - piperidine, -pyrrolidine, -morpholine, and -diamylamine. Briefly, the comminuted food sample is digested in methanolic potassium hydroxide and the nitrosamines are extracted with methylene chloride in a liquid-liquid extractor, distilled from alkaline solution, further isolated by extraction and column chromatographic techniques, and determined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), using a modified thermionic detector. 531
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Joint Inte
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CONTENTS INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL FERT
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THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN SUPPLY, LIMI
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THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL AND BIOFE
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STUDIES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF
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PREFACE With the general aims to co
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For a better knowledge of applicati
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pH values pH values 8 6 pH values 6
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In the preluvosoil conditions the m
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REFERENCES Bedo, Z.- Lang, L. (1977
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mean (fixed, i.e. systematic effect
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29% in the first 15 years of the ex
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Table 2. Variance and regression pa
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The b = 1.7 value recorded for Trea
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THE IMPACT OF PLANT BREEDING ON SEE
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modified pedigree breeding method,
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“Rigel” seed multiplication com
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The benefits of the cultivars bred
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ABSTRACT SOME LESSONS LEARNED FROM
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about 100 m above sea-level with ye
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Table 3: Effect of treatments on so
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ammoniumlactate-soluble P2O5 and K2
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MODIS NDVI data from the Terra and
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NDVI 0,8 0,75 0,7 0,65 0,6 0,55 0,5
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The a*cos(2π*i/12) periodic compon
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RAINFALL, FERTILIZATION AND LIMING
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1999 to 2006. The main experiment
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Jolánkai M. (2005): Effect of clim
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classified according to the soil te
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Relatív termés (100 NP/NPK), % 3.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This study was fina
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Table 2. The oldest and most import
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plan of the uniform countrywide fie
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• The effect of climate change ca
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MATERIALS AND METHODS An organic an
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TOC % 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 bc b
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The much better performance of the
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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION IN LONG-TER
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Carbon-dioxide and nitrous-oxide sa
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Nitrous-oxide emission Nitrous-oxid
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CH BC N2O = - 8,839 + 0,6904 * Mois
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INFLUENCES OF AMELIORATIVE FERTILIZ
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samples were measured by the ICP-AE
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Table 3. Influences of ameliorative
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Egner, H., Riehm, H., Domingo, W.R.
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To resolve genetics of grain qualit
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Table 2. Average values of analyzed
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CROP ROTATION AND GREEN MANURE INFL
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Organic Chemical Chemical fertiliza
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Influence of the crop rotation and
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REFERENCES 1. Budoi Gh., Penescu A.
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MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimen
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average of watered treatments resul
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Table 4: Changes in soil properties
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epetitions, where the main treatmen
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that usually conventional tillage h
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RESEARCHES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE
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Crop rotation Water regime Water re
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conditions. The values, registered
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CRISANA -THE FIRST ROMANIAN WHEAT V
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In addition, we used recurent selec
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Table 2: The root length of some wh
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Table 5: Productions and quality re
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EXPERIMENTS WITH PERENNIAL RYE (SEC
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green mass (6,8-7 t/ha/year dry mas
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REFERENCES Kotvics G. (1963): A Sec
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een shown to cause leucoencephaloma
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Marasas, W.F.O., Kellerman, W.C.A,
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minerals (Čuvanová et al. 2006).
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01/2). For the latest periods (fatt
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1. GENERAL APPROACH TO EUROREGIONAL
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Association - fig. 2), on the other
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communication between the two assoc
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The juridical settlement of the Bih
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EFFECT OF BORON FERTILIZATION ON AN
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3. Examinations of fruit quality Fo
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Fruit density was increased applyin
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Wills, R. B. H. - Lim, J. S. K. - G
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Nosticzius, 1992). Among these, soi
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The dry mat
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The amount of nitrogen uptake by th
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ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN SUP
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exactly known due to the size of th
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Table 3: Dry matter production of p
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more definite in the non limed trea
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compare these levels with the Europ
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Table 3. Natural occurrence of myco
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CORRELATIONS OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC
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1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200
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Table 3: Land use/ha 1960 1970 1980
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RIDING TOURISM IN THE NORTHERN GREA
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visitors belonging to all types of
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Concerning the weather long autumn
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2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 6
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technical supervision of the Debrec
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TISSUE CULTURE METHODS FOR SCREENIN
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symptoms could be observable in the
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experiments the other clones and we
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Shoot culture
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that callus induction and developme
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COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES IN A SEVE
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Table 1: Mean squares of GCA and SC
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combination. We could not obtained
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SUSTAINABLE LAND-USE BASED ON WESTS
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green manure treatment, where lupin
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In Westsik's crop rotation experime
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Crop rotation breaks the weed and i
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The reliability of the method was c
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The increased phosphorus rates incr
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REFERENCES Basha S.M, Roberts R.M (
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Sandy soils w
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AL soluble Ca (mg/kg) 350 300 250 2
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gradually from soils containing 100
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agriculture in Hungary, especially
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according to the treatments. Obtain
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Table 4: Results of regression anal
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From obtained data, it can be estab
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Tops soil (0-30 cm) samples were ta
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Table 5: Impact fertilizing and lim
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COMPOSTED SLAUGHTERHOUSE BY-PRODUCT
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The mature compost became friable,
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maximal yield could be reached at 5
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unfavourable years. 100-200 t/ha do
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THE EFFECT OF BENTONITE ON SPECIFIC
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RESULTS The effect of treatments on
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dosages significantly reduced the a
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DISCUSSION In our experiments, we f
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INVESTIGATION OF MINERAL CONTENT IN
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Element Ammonium-nitrate Superphosp
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According to our results, the effec
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REFERENCES Debreczeni, B., Debrecze
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micronutrient soil tests for many y
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LE and KCl-EDTA extracted similar a
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Table 4. Correlation coefficient be
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YIELD OF RYE AS AFFECTED BY THE CRO
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Table 2: Mean temperature at Nyíre
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It was found that either way of app
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2 The main modification properties
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4 Table 2: Percent of alfalfa and-
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THE IMPORTANCE OF LONG-TERM FIELD E
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essential to the determination of t
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The comparison of the nutrient cont
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environment for three years, then t
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PC 2 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 V2 V5
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Figure 2: Genetic similarity among
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Frenot, Y., Aubry, M., Misset, M. T
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Three foliar fertilizations were do
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CONCLUSIONS The rigorous experiment
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some pathogen agents, a chemical an
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� The pH decrease in the greenhou
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RESULTS AND DISSCUSSIONS 1. The pro
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may employ (wheat) flour produced f
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For the conditions in from Western
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Yield losses millet hay (%) 80 70 6
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- 0,6093) and extremely significant
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CONCLUSIONS The experimental field
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Evaluation of effect of fertilizati
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Table 3: Dry matter content of pars
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On sandy soil, the total N content
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THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL AND BIOFE
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Bacillus megatherium soil bacteria,
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N content of plant: Studying the ni
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chernozem soil in all pots either.
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THE INFLUENCE OF USING BIOLOGICAL A
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2. The influence of using inoculant
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Table 3: The evolution of weight ga
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REFERENCES 4. Anon D.L. (1997): - S
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chernozem represents the dominant s
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AD% AD% 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 T
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Negative reaction was recorded in t
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The Tentant variety positively reac
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Table 1. The density of harmful pes
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vegetation period, without affectin
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THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTROLLING FORMA
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3:1 to 5:3 . In the following exper
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REFERENCES 1. Bartzokas, C. A., K.
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For micro-elements, EDTA+KCl 15 tim
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Ca CO3(%) = AL − Cax2,5 10000 EDT
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ABSTRACT BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION O
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profiles were typical for catena po
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Table 2: Collembola species composi
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Larsen, T., P. Schjonning, J. Axels
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The alimentary problem has constitu
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Table 3. The average annual consump
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FROM FARM TO FORK - EVALUATION OF C
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we made a deeper vertical sampling
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Although the toxic element content
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supp
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l/mp 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Fig. 3 M
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during this period, though not so s
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• the pluviometric regime was als
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1. Specific weight was study accord
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Table 4. Absolut weight MA g result
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Very significant decrease are in V4
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OCEAN DYNAMICS: AIR-SEA INTERFACE G
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∂ C Φ = - ε (3) ∂z where Φ i
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n = - 1 ⁄ 2 [1]-[4]. The later mo
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elucidated yet. We must also imply
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RESEARCHES ON THE QUICK METHOD OF S
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SU8 = (Za/QB) - 100; C8 = (Z8/P8) -
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There are the following calculation
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- preheaters - towards condensation
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Circulation speed of the concentrat
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RESEARCH ON SEEDING AGENTS TO EFFEC
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• about 160 porcelain balls havin
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For the crystal mass the following
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WATER DIFFUSION IN BREAD DURING BAK
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RESULTS Temperature distribution: W
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During the chemical changes the por
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CONCLUSIONS The water content in th
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those portions that are not, are no
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Tension: For bread prepared under l
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obscured. It has been stated that r
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THE MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF THE P
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It was marked with AI the area of t
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mcb [g] mcb [g] mcb [g] 0,040 0,030
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The calculation of engines with spa
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THE VARIATION OF EFFECTIVE POWER AN
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437
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ce [g/kW h] 400.019 350.019 300.019
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THE EFFECT OF THE GENOTYPE AND EXPL
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) The cultures were incubated at cc
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% embryogenic inductio 60 50 40 30
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Table 1 The three way Anova type 3x
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Table 4 The effect of developmental
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was the explant type (the developme
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ABSTRACT COMPARATIVE TESTS FOR SEPA
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Column extraction (Beck, H. and Mat
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Fat Percentage Fat percentage 4.4 4
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HIGHLIGHTING THE STATE OF FRESHNESS
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REFERENCES 1. Eftimie V.M. Particul
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In table 1 the results obtained as
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FORENSIC ASPECTS REGARDING DISASTER
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• depositing the bodies and the e
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FORM NO. 3 ITEM IDENTIFICATION Pers
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- utilised in a biogas processing p
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Viscosity [◦E] 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
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As in any other cyclic, infectious,
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usually incompatible with life or c
Page 479 and 480: The family doctors must be informed
Page 481 and 482: 2. botulism of inoculation-through
Page 483 and 484: The repartition of the provenience
Page 485 and 486: 3. The patients hospitalizations mo
Page 487 and 488: possibility that, due to the chelat
Page 489 and 490: difference of extinction % 120 100
Page 491 and 492: Horváth E., Szalai G., Pál m., P
Page 493 and 494: chlorophyll contents and the values
Page 495 and 496: Table 1.Estimative mean values for
Page 497 and 498: TREE GROWTH EQUATIONS IN DIFFERENT
Page 499 and 500: Image no.1 ImageTool programme was
Page 501 and 502: Following the results obtained, the
Page 503 and 504: ms. The placement of the areas was
Page 505 and 506: Another possible simulated break in
Page 507 and 508: - distribution after break case 2 y
Page 509 and 510: THE FREQUENCY OF DAYS WITH DIFFEREN
Page 511 and 512: 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120
Page 513 and 514: October, and at higher altitudes (0
Page 515 and 516: 5. The frequency of tropical days r
Page 517 and 518: At the same time, the genesis of fl
Page 519 and 520: winter the floods frequency has sma
Page 521 and 522: % 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 I II III IV V
Page 523 and 524: RESEARCH REGARDING MAIN CHEMICAL RE
Page 525 and 526: • Ensuring the juice’ thermal s
Page 527 and 528: mud which is evacuated out of the p
Page 529: MATERIALS AND METHOD Apparatus Clea
Page 533 and 534: The fat cooked out of some of the b
Page 535 and 536: A problem concerning the formation
Page 537 and 538: Sample 3, found to contain 343 ppb
Page 539 and 540: LUNG CANCER CAUSED BY SMOKING AND C
Page 541 and 542: µg/g dry weight). The pulmonary Cd
Page 543 and 544: MATERIALS AND METHOD Apparatus and
Page 545 and 546: for either TLC or reverse-phase LC
Page 547 and 548: trigger still other responses. In t
Page 549 and 550: these general patterns appear to be
Page 551 and 552: The question of determining a “sa
Page 553 and 554: CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECT
Page 555 and 556: Figure 3.-Life Cycle of Echinococcu
Page 557 and 558: that the values are 1 case at 600.0
Page 559 and 560: Paraclinical data From the laborato
Page 561 and 562: THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY OF STERIG
Page 563 and 564: Column Chromatography Loosely place
Page 565 and 566: that spot intensity could be regene
Page 567 and 568: its metabolism by oxidative pathway
Page 569 and 570: Exposure time weeks 1 2 3 Table 2.
Page 571 and 572: attempted accommodation to the diet
Page 573 and 574: series, a dose of 0.5 ppm NDMA was
Page 575 and 576: At 500 ppb and at all higher doses,
Page 577 and 578: supernatants by a modified cadmium
Page 579 and 580: adioimmunoassay and by cadmium satu
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• The intermediary form appears b
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sex. In fact, there are no data in
Page 585 and 586:
SOME ASPECTS OF SHELTER REGENERATIO
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In the following lines it is presen
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Număr de arbori 160 140 120 100 80
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Analysing the data presented in the
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WASTEWATER TREATMENT TEHNOLOGIES OF
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As a result of the comparisons betw
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CONCLUSIONS Anaerobe-aerobe treatme
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REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT USING CONSTRUC
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characterized by marshy plants like
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watersurface, but their roots are t
Page 605 and 606:
• Which of the heavy metals that
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Figure 2 shows that Cd also is conc
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