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oxygen subsaturation is that of equator, and we don’t discuss here this particular region.
As a conclusion the results obtained for the mean gases exchanges could be given in kg
and estimations for the increasing in radiocarbon obtained from different threedimensional
models are given in the Table nr.4. The last column in Table nr.4 gives the
radiocarbon increasing normalized to the global inventory estimated at 7,67 x 10 9 atoms
cm -2 .
Table 3: The expressions for the exchange coefficients kwater given as a convention in
cm⁄hour, the wind velocity U is in ms-1, obtained by the various models proposed for
the gas exchange
(1) Liss si Merlival (1986)
kwater = 0,17U(Sc ⁄ 600) -0,5 for U ≤ 3,6 ms -1
kwater = (U – 3,4)2,8(Sc ⁄ 600) -0,5 for 3,6 < U < 13 ms -1
kwater = (U – 8,4)5,9 (Sc ⁄ 600) -0,5 for U > 13 ms -1
(2) Wanninkhov (1992)
kwater = 0,39Umean 2 (Sc ⁄ 600) -0, 5 to be used with the mean wind velocity
kwater = 0,31U 2 (Sc ⁄ 600) -0,5 to be used with the mean wind velocity on short term
(3) Butin and Etcheto (1995)
kwater = 0,34(U 2 + σu 2 (Sc ⁄ 600) -0,5
(4) Broecker (1985)
kg = 0,0118 (U – 2)
(5) Maier-Reimer and
Hasselmann (1987)
kg = 0,050
Table 4:. The mean gases exchanges and the estimated in radiocarbon increasing
Formulation for kg global mean of radiocarbon increasing
the gas exchange (mol m -2 yard -1 ppm -1 )
The models results
(a) Brocker (1985) 0,061 1,000
(b) Liss and Merlival (1986) 0,029 0,607
( c) Maier-Reimer and Hasselmann 0,050 -
(1987)
(d) Broecker (1985 and 1995) 1,070 and 1,074
REFERENCES
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