Joint International Conference on Long-term Experiments ...

vegetation period, without affecting more than 3% of the area of upper leaves. However,
the species represents a potential danger, due to possible damages.
The evolution of droughty climate during the past few years has significantly
reduced head blight due to infections with Fusarium spp. The infections are tightly
connected to the evolution of the climatic factor in the post – heading period.
In the years following the re-establishment of former properties, as a result of not
performing or inadequately performing seed dressing, the losses in production caused
by the common bunt have resurfaced. Of the species of Tilletia sp., the most frequent in
this ecological area are T. caries and T. foetida. During those years, frequencies of
attack on the ears of up to 15-20% were recorded. The correct application of fungicides
has reduced this indicator below the frequency of 0.2%. Although it is present in many
Transylvanian counties, T. nanifica has not been recorded in this area.
Lower stem diseases (eyespot - Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides; sharp
eyespot -Rhizoctonia sp.; fusarium rot – Fusarium sp.) are present only occasionally,
drawing attention on some technological causes that have favored their appearance:
monocultures, unbalanced fertilization, and very susceptible wheat species. Crop
rotation (avoid planting wheat and barley after take-all infested wheats, balanced
fertilisation) are the most efficient preventive measures.
Table 4. The main winter barley diseases in the Romanian Western Plain
Symptoms Disease common Cause agent Economical
expressed on: name
importance
Leaves Barley yellow
dwarf virus
BYDV medium
Leaves Powdery mildew Erysiphe graminis
f.sp.hordei
low
Leaves / head Leaf stripe Pyrenophora
graminea
medium
Leaves Rhynchosporium Rhynchosporium medium
leaf-spot
secalis
Head True loose smut Ustilago nuda variable
Head Covered smut Ustilago hordei low
As to the cultures of winter barley that have profited from adequate seed dressing, the
presence of seed-born pathogens, true loose smut (Ustilago nuda), covered smut (U.
hordei), barley leaf stripe (Pyrenophora graminea), was below the limit of provoking
some important yield losses.
CONCLUSIONS
1. The pests of cereal crops represent limitative factors for the production and
supervising them in the area is a necessity. Therefore, it is imperative to monitor
their numerical evolution in time, on groups of cultures. The pest fauna is widely
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