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5 Table 4: Of the most important villages in Szabolcs Szatmár Bereg county by the alfalfa production areas (by the basic of CSB 1976) Production area (ha) Sum of District 1st 2nd 3rd 4th the area placed villages ha Tiszavasvári 597,6 278,8 258,4 224,4 1359,2 Nyíregyházi Ibrány - 623,0 66,6 66,2 65,2 821,0 Nagyhalászi 168,2 164,4 113,0 91,6 537,2 Csengeri 231,2 129,6 74,2 72,5 507,6 Mátészalkai 228,2 104,4 71,8 62,3 466,7 Fehérgyarmati 131,7 99,8 96,6 94,6 422,6 Kisvárdai 143,3 114,6 74,0 68,8 400,7 Vásárosnaményi 177,4 59,0 55,0 50,9 342,3 Nagykállói 117,2 84,6 63,0 60,6 325,4 Nyírbátori 72,0 61,2 57,7 53,8 244,8 Baktalórántházi 72,4 67,4 40,8 33,2 213,8 Total 2562,1 1230,4 970,8 878,0 5641,3 Total of the county 11239 REFERENCES: Géczy G. 1968: Magyarország mezőgazdasági területe. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest. 284. p Késmárki I. 2005. Lucerna. p:357-384. In Antal J. (szerk). Növénytermesztéstan 2. Mezőgazda kiadó. Budapest. KSH. 1976: Növénytermelés. 2. kötet. Községsoros adatok 1936-1962. Történeti Statisztikai Kötetek. Budapest. KSH Könyvtár és dokumentációs Szolgálat. Nagy L. 1989: A nagyüzemi szarvaskerep magtermesztés eredményei, 25 éves tapasztalatok a fejlesztés lehetőségei. Vetőmag folyóírat, Budapest. November, 11- 13. Nagy L. 1996: Szarvakerep vetőmag és takarmány termesztés fejlesztése. Kandidátusi értekezés.129 p. 278
THE IMPORTANCE OF LONG-TERM FIELD EXPERIMENTS IN THE QUALITY ASSURANCE OF CROP PRODUCTION ABSTRACT Éva Széles, Zsuzsanna Szathmáry, Péter Sipos, Dóra Hovánszki, Csilla Uri, Zoltán Győri University of Debrecen, Centre for Agricultural Sciences Institute of Food Science, Quality Assurance and Microbiology The quality assurance and traceability of food products has become a major issue of food safety during the previous years. Long-term filed experiments can give well applicable data for food safety and food processing. The objectives of long-term field trials are to measure the effectiveness of different fertilizers and types of farmyard manure in different cropping environments, and to determine the accumulation of various elements in the soil or the plant. This is the only way to obtain statistically reliable data about the interaction between the effect of fertilizers and other management techniques (soil cultivation, crop density, etc.), as well as to set the limit values for the chemical soil examination. In this work, applicability and necessity of long-term field experiments to the food safety through a National Long-Term Field Trials was studied. Keywords: National Long-Term Field Trials, element correlations INTRODUCTION As food production is getting more and more global, the multiple sources, suppliers and process steps along production pose a threat to the safety of the product. Therefore, the quality assurance and traceability of food products has become a major issue of food safety during the previous years. Participants in the food chain are expected to know the origin of the raw materials they use in order to comply with new regulations and with consumer expectations. Regulation EC/178/2002, known commonly as the food law of the EU has taken up a new integrated approach, stating that the regulations for food and feed cannot be handled separately. The “farm to fork” or “stable to table” principle covers all sectors of the food chain, including feed production, primary production, food processing, storage, transportation and retail sale. Hungary, as an export-oriented and EU member country also has to meet the new EU requirements in order to be able to produce goods that meet the requirements of other countries. Since the requirements in the crop production sector are less strict than in animal production and the issue of the quality assurance of feed grain crops and forages is even more neglected, efforts are continuous in the EU to involve primary production in the scope of food regulation. Primary production (the agricultural sector) has a critical role in ensuring safe raw materials, since deteriorations in the raw materials cannot be eliminated later during the processing stage. Therefore, the quality assurance of food products should start with the certification of safe seed and cultivation techniques. This requirement can be met by using management techniques during which the level of the possible contaminating factors in the soil and their intake by the crop is measured and controlled. Long-term field trials are a system of researches conducted at 279
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Joint Inte
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CONTENTS INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL FERT
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THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN SUPPLY, LIMI
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THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL AND BIOFE
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STUDIES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF
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PREFACE With the general aims to co
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For a better knowledge of applicati
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pH values pH values 8 6 pH values 6
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In the preluvosoil conditions the m
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REFERENCES Bedo, Z.- Lang, L. (1977
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mean (fixed, i.e. systematic effect
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29% in the first 15 years of the ex
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Table 2. Variance and regression pa
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The b = 1.7 value recorded for Trea
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THE IMPACT OF PLANT BREEDING ON SEE
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modified pedigree breeding method,
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“Rigel” seed multiplication com
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The benefits of the cultivars bred
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ABSTRACT SOME LESSONS LEARNED FROM
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about 100 m above sea-level with ye
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Table 3: Effect of treatments on so
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ammoniumlactate-soluble P2O5 and K2
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MODIS NDVI data from the Terra and
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NDVI 0,8 0,75 0,7 0,65 0,6 0,55 0,5
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The a*cos(2π*i/12) periodic compon
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RAINFALL, FERTILIZATION AND LIMING
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1999 to 2006. The main experiment
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Jolánkai M. (2005): Effect of clim
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classified according to the soil te
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Relatív termés (100 NP/NPK), % 3.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This study was fina
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Table 2. The oldest and most import
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plan of the uniform countrywide fie
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• The effect of climate change ca
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MATERIALS AND METHODS An organic an
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TOC % 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 bc b
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The much better performance of the
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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION IN LONG-TER
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Carbon-dioxide and nitrous-oxide sa
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Nitrous-oxide emission Nitrous-oxid
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CH BC N2O = - 8,839 + 0,6904 * Mois
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INFLUENCES OF AMELIORATIVE FERTILIZ
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samples were measured by the ICP-AE
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Table 3. Influences of ameliorative
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Egner, H., Riehm, H., Domingo, W.R.
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To resolve genetics of grain qualit
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Table 2. Average values of analyzed
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CROP ROTATION AND GREEN MANURE INFL
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Organic Chemical Chemical fertiliza
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Influence of the crop rotation and
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REFERENCES 1. Budoi Gh., Penescu A.
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MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimen
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average of watered treatments resul
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Table 4: Changes in soil properties
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epetitions, where the main treatmen
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that usually conventional tillage h
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RESEARCHES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE
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Crop rotation Water regime Water re
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conditions. The values, registered
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CRISANA -THE FIRST ROMANIAN WHEAT V
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In addition, we used recurent selec
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Table 2: The root length of some wh
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Table 5: Productions and quality re
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EXPERIMENTS WITH PERENNIAL RYE (SEC
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green mass (6,8-7 t/ha/year dry mas
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REFERENCES Kotvics G. (1963): A Sec
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een shown to cause leucoencephaloma
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Marasas, W.F.O., Kellerman, W.C.A,
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minerals (Čuvanová et al. 2006).
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01/2). For the latest periods (fatt
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1. GENERAL APPROACH TO EUROREGIONAL
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Association - fig. 2), on the other
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communication between the two assoc
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The juridical settlement of the Bih
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EFFECT OF BORON FERTILIZATION ON AN
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3. Examinations of fruit quality Fo
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Fruit density was increased applyin
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Wills, R. B. H. - Lim, J. S. K. - G
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Nosticzius, 1992). Among these, soi
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The dry mat
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The amount of nitrogen uptake by th
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ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN SUP
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exactly known due to the size of th
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Table 3: Dry matter production of p
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more definite in the non limed trea
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compare these levels with the Europ
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Table 3. Natural occurrence of myco
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CORRELATIONS OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC
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1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200
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Table 3: Land use/ha 1960 1970 1980
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RIDING TOURISM IN THE NORTHERN GREA
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visitors belonging to all types of
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Concerning the weather long autumn
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2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 6
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technical supervision of the Debrec
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TISSUE CULTURE METHODS FOR SCREENIN
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symptoms could be observable in the
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experiments the other clones and we
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Shoot culture
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that callus induction and developme
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COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES IN A SEVE
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Table 1: Mean squares of GCA and SC
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combination. We could not obtained
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SUSTAINABLE LAND-USE BASED ON WESTS
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green manure treatment, where lupin
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In Westsik's crop rotation experime
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Crop rotation breaks the weed and i
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The reliability of the method was c
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The increased phosphorus rates incr
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REFERENCES Basha S.M, Roberts R.M (
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Sandy soils w
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AL soluble Ca (mg/kg) 350 300 250 2
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gradually from soils containing 100
Page 227 and 228: agriculture in Hungary, especially
Page 229 and 230: according to the treatments. Obtain
Page 231 and 232: Table 4: Results of regression anal
Page 233 and 234: From obtained data, it can be estab
Page 235 and 236: Tops soil (0-30 cm) samples were ta
Page 237 and 238: Table 5: Impact fertilizing and lim
Page 239 and 240: COMPOSTED SLAUGHTERHOUSE BY-PRODUCT
Page 241 and 242: The mature compost became friable,
Page 243 and 244: maximal yield could be reached at 5
Page 245 and 246: unfavourable years. 100-200 t/ha do
Page 247 and 248: THE EFFECT OF BENTONITE ON SPECIFIC
Page 249 and 250: RESULTS The effect of treatments on
Page 251 and 252: dosages significantly reduced the a
Page 253 and 254: DISCUSSION In our experiments, we f
Page 255 and 256: INVESTIGATION OF MINERAL CONTENT IN
Page 257 and 258: Element Ammonium-nitrate Superphosp
Page 259 and 260: According to our results, the effec
Page 261 and 262: REFERENCES Debreczeni, B., Debrecze
Page 263 and 264: micronutrient soil tests for many y
Page 265 and 266: LE and KCl-EDTA extracted similar a
Page 267 and 268: Table 4. Correlation coefficient be
Page 269 and 270: YIELD OF RYE AS AFFECTED BY THE CRO
Page 271 and 272: Table 2: Mean temperature at Nyíre
Page 273 and 274: It was found that either way of app
Page 275 and 276: 2 The main modification properties
Page 277: 4 Table 2: Percent of alfalfa and-
Page 281 and 282: essential to the determination of t
Page 283 and 284: The comparison of the nutrient cont
Page 285 and 286: environment for three years, then t
Page 287 and 288: PC 2 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 V2 V5
Page 289 and 290: Figure 2: Genetic similarity among
Page 291 and 292: Frenot, Y., Aubry, M., Misset, M. T
Page 293 and 294: Three foliar fertilizations were do
Page 295 and 296: CONCLUSIONS The rigorous experiment
Page 297 and 298: some pathogen agents, a chemical an
Page 299 and 300: � The pH decrease in the greenhou
Page 301 and 302: RESULTS AND DISSCUSSIONS 1. The pro
Page 303 and 304: may employ (wheat) flour produced f
Page 305 and 306: For the conditions in from Western
Page 307 and 308: Yield losses millet hay (%) 80 70 6
Page 309 and 310: - 0,6093) and extremely significant
Page 311 and 312: CONCLUSIONS The experimental field
Page 313 and 314: Evaluation of effect of fertilizati
Page 315 and 316: Table 3: Dry matter content of pars
Page 317 and 318: On sandy soil, the total N content
Page 319 and 320: THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL AND BIOFE
Page 321 and 322: Bacillus megatherium soil bacteria,
Page 323 and 324: N content of plant: Studying the ni
Page 325 and 326: chernozem soil in all pots either.
Page 327 and 328: THE INFLUENCE OF USING BIOLOGICAL A
Page 329 and 330:
2. The influence of using inoculant
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Table 3: The evolution of weight ga
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REFERENCES 4. Anon D.L. (1997): - S
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chernozem represents the dominant s
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AD% AD% 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 T
Page 339 and 340:
Negative reaction was recorded in t
Page 341 and 342:
The Tentant variety positively reac
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Table 1. The density of harmful pes
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vegetation period, without affectin
Page 347 and 348:
THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTROLLING FORMA
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3:1 to 5:3 . In the following exper
Page 351 and 352:
REFERENCES 1. Bartzokas, C. A., K.
Page 353 and 354:
For micro-elements, EDTA+KCl 15 tim
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Ca CO3(%) = AL − Cax2,5 10000 EDT
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ABSTRACT BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION O
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profiles were typical for catena po
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Table 2: Collembola species composi
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Larsen, T., P. Schjonning, J. Axels
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The alimentary problem has constitu
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Table 3. The average annual consump
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FROM FARM TO FORK - EVALUATION OF C
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we made a deeper vertical sampling
Page 373 and 374:
Although the toxic element content
Page 375 and 376:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supp
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l/mp 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Fig. 3 M
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during this period, though not so s
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• the pluviometric regime was als
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1. Specific weight was study accord
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Table 4. Absolut weight MA g result
Page 387 and 388:
Very significant decrease are in V4
Page 389 and 390:
OCEAN DYNAMICS: AIR-SEA INTERFACE G
Page 391 and 392:
∂ C Φ = - ε (3) ∂z where Φ i
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n = - 1 ⁄ 2 [1]-[4]. The later mo
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elucidated yet. We must also imply
Page 397 and 398:
RESEARCHES ON THE QUICK METHOD OF S
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SU8 = (Za/QB) - 100; C8 = (Z8/P8) -
Page 401 and 402:
There are the following calculation
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- preheaters - towards condensation
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Circulation speed of the concentrat
Page 407 and 408:
RESEARCH ON SEEDING AGENTS TO EFFEC
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• about 160 porcelain balls havin
Page 411 and 412:
For the crystal mass the following
Page 413 and 414:
WATER DIFFUSION IN BREAD DURING BAK
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RESULTS Temperature distribution: W
Page 417 and 418:
During the chemical changes the por
Page 419 and 420:
CONCLUSIONS The water content in th
Page 421 and 422:
those portions that are not, are no
Page 423 and 424:
Tension: For bread prepared under l
Page 425 and 426:
obscured. It has been stated that r
Page 427 and 428:
THE MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF THE P
Page 429 and 430:
It was marked with AI the area of t
Page 431 and 432:
mcb [g] mcb [g] mcb [g] 0,040 0,030
Page 433 and 434:
The calculation of engines with spa
Page 435 and 436:
THE VARIATION OF EFFECTIVE POWER AN
Page 437 and 438:
437
Page 439 and 440:
ce [g/kW h] 400.019 350.019 300.019
Page 441 and 442:
THE EFFECT OF THE GENOTYPE AND EXPL
Page 443 and 444:
) The cultures were incubated at cc
Page 445 and 446:
% embryogenic inductio 60 50 40 30
Page 447 and 448:
Table 1 The three way Anova type 3x
Page 449 and 450:
Table 4 The effect of developmental
Page 451 and 452:
was the explant type (the developme
Page 453 and 454:
ABSTRACT COMPARATIVE TESTS FOR SEPA
Page 455 and 456:
Column extraction (Beck, H. and Mat
Page 457 and 458:
Fat Percentage Fat percentage 4.4 4
Page 459 and 460:
HIGHLIGHTING THE STATE OF FRESHNESS
Page 461 and 462:
REFERENCES 1. Eftimie V.M. Particul
Page 463 and 464:
In table 1 the results obtained as
Page 465 and 466:
FORENSIC ASPECTS REGARDING DISASTER
Page 467 and 468:
• depositing the bodies and the e
Page 469 and 470:
FORM NO. 3 ITEM IDENTIFICATION Pers
Page 471 and 472:
- utilised in a biogas processing p
Page 473 and 474:
Viscosity [◦E] 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Page 475 and 476:
As in any other cyclic, infectious,
Page 477 and 478:
usually incompatible with life or c
Page 479 and 480:
The family doctors must be informed
Page 481 and 482:
2. botulism of inoculation-through
Page 483 and 484:
The repartition of the provenience
Page 485 and 486:
3. The patients hospitalizations mo
Page 487 and 488:
possibility that, due to the chelat
Page 489 and 490:
difference of extinction % 120 100
Page 491 and 492:
Horváth E., Szalai G., Pál m., P
Page 493 and 494:
chlorophyll contents and the values
Page 495 and 496:
Table 1.Estimative mean values for
Page 497 and 498:
TREE GROWTH EQUATIONS IN DIFFERENT
Page 499 and 500:
Image no.1 ImageTool programme was
Page 501 and 502:
Following the results obtained, the
Page 503 and 504:
ms. The placement of the areas was
Page 505 and 506:
Another possible simulated break in
Page 507 and 508:
- distribution after break case 2 y
Page 509 and 510:
THE FREQUENCY OF DAYS WITH DIFFEREN
Page 511 and 512:
200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120
Page 513 and 514:
October, and at higher altitudes (0
Page 515 and 516:
5. The frequency of tropical days r
Page 517 and 518:
At the same time, the genesis of fl
Page 519 and 520:
winter the floods frequency has sma
Page 521 and 522:
% 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 I II III IV V
Page 523 and 524:
RESEARCH REGARDING MAIN CHEMICAL RE
Page 525 and 526:
• Ensuring the juice’ thermal s
Page 527 and 528:
mud which is evacuated out of the p
Page 529 and 530:
MATERIALS AND METHOD Apparatus Clea
Page 531 and 532:
THE IMPORTANCE OF VOLATILE N-NITROS
Page 533 and 534:
The fat cooked out of some of the b
Page 535 and 536:
A problem concerning the formation
Page 537 and 538:
Sample 3, found to contain 343 ppb
Page 539 and 540:
LUNG CANCER CAUSED BY SMOKING AND C
Page 541 and 542:
µg/g dry weight). The pulmonary Cd
Page 543 and 544:
MATERIALS AND METHOD Apparatus and
Page 545 and 546:
for either TLC or reverse-phase LC
Page 547 and 548:
trigger still other responses. In t
Page 549 and 550:
these general patterns appear to be
Page 551 and 552:
The question of determining a “sa
Page 553 and 554:
CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECT
Page 555 and 556:
Figure 3.-Life Cycle of Echinococcu
Page 557 and 558:
that the values are 1 case at 600.0
Page 559 and 560:
Paraclinical data From the laborato
Page 561 and 562:
THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY OF STERIG
Page 563 and 564:
Column Chromatography Loosely place
Page 565 and 566:
that spot intensity could be regene
Page 567 and 568:
its metabolism by oxidative pathway
Page 569 and 570:
Exposure time weeks 1 2 3 Table 2.
Page 571 and 572:
attempted accommodation to the diet
Page 573 and 574:
series, a dose of 0.5 ppm NDMA was
Page 575 and 576:
At 500 ppb and at all higher doses,
Page 577 and 578:
supernatants by a modified cadmium
Page 579 and 580:
adioimmunoassay and by cadmium satu
Page 581 and 582:
• The intermediary form appears b
Page 583 and 584:
sex. In fact, there are no data in
Page 585 and 586:
SOME ASPECTS OF SHELTER REGENERATIO
Page 587 and 588:
In the following lines it is presen
Page 589 and 590:
Număr de arbori 160 140 120 100 80
Page 591 and 592:
Analysing the data presented in the
Page 593 and 594:
WASTEWATER TREATMENT TEHNOLOGIES OF
Page 595 and 596:
As a result of the comparisons betw
Page 597 and 598:
CONCLUSIONS Anaerobe-aerobe treatme
Page 599 and 600:
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT USING CONSTRUC
Page 601 and 602:
characterized by marshy plants like
Page 603 and 604:
watersurface, but their roots are t
Page 605 and 606:
• Which of the heavy metals that
Page 607 and 608:
Figure 2 shows that Cd also is conc
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