Joint International Conference on Long-term Experiments ...

EFFECT OF AUXIN ON CALLUS FORMING CAPACITY OF DIFFERENT
PEA GENOTYPES (PISUM SATIVUM L.) 1
ABSTRACT
Katalin Magyar-Tábori, Judit Iszály-Tóth, Judit Dobránszki,
Nóra Mendler-Drienyovszki
Research Centre of Debrecen University,
Nyíregyháza, Westsik V. street 4-6, H-4400 Hungary
Effect of different auxins (IBA, NAA and 2,4-D) were tested in two concentrations (2.0
and 4.0 mgl -1 ) on callus forming capacity of eight genotypes (Graphis, Baccara, 2107,
Hanka, Hunor, Janus, M49060 and Erbi). Leaflets and stem section without node were
used as explants and they were placed on G57 media supplemented with 3 % sucrose,
0.8 % agar-agar and 1.0 mgl -1 BA. Cultures were incubated in dark for 3 weeks at 26 ºC,
after then they were cultured on 16 h photoperiod for further 4 weeks. Callus forming
capacity was observed and scored weekly. Our results confirmed that there are
significant differences between genotypes: 2107 breeding line showed the greatest,
while cv. Janus had the least callus forming capacity. The best results were achieved by
IBA in both concentrations, although the effect of higher level of NAA was similar,
depending on genotypes. 2,4-D was not effective especially in high concentration.
Induction of callus was more effective on leaflets than on stem segments.
Keywords: Pisum sativum L., callus, auxin, in vitro, explant type
INTRODUCTION
The pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important protein and vegetable crop. Improving of
drought tolerance of peas has been one of the major tasks in most breeding programmes
and in vitro methods can help the breeding work. Results of Ezhova et al. (1995)
suggest that mutations affecting developmental characters may be expressed in tissue
culture. In vitro callus culture can be used to model breeding for heterosis and to predict
productivity and heterosis in pea plants (Rybtsov et al., 1997). However, the application
of in vitro selection system can only be achieved by means of plant cell and tissue
culture where the induction of somaclonal variation frequently is an inherent feature
(Lehminger-Mertens & Jacobsen, 1993). Because of there is a very few information
about callus culture of peas and responses of genotypes to in vitro conditions can be
different (Dobránszki et al., 1999, Vandorne et al., 1995) it is necessary to work out the
callus induction method, which can be used for the genotypes included in our breeding
programme. Although in the case of tobacco auxin autotrophic callus could be obtained
(Csiszár et al, 2004) and there is hormone-autonomous callus for sugarbeet (Saunders &
Daub, 1984) in the case of pea the presence of auxin was necessary for callus induction
(Gantchev, 1997). In our experiments effect of auxins and explant type on callus
development were tested for eight pea genotypes to select the optimal callusing
treatment.
1 This work was supported by GVOP-3.1.1.-2004-05-0041/3.0) project.
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