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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The research work was carried out with the financial support of the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA T 032343). REFERENCES Borchmann, W. (1963): Über die Abhängigkeit des Mineralstoffgehaltes verschiedener Futterpflanzen von der Höhe der Wasserversorgung. III. Zeitschrift für Landwirtsch. Versuchs- und Untersuchungswesen, 9: 173-198. p. Eichler, B. (2004): Möglichkeiten zur Einflussnahme auf Phosphorkreisläufe für die Gestaltung nachhaltiger Bodennutzungssysteme. Habilitationsschrift. Rostock. Eichler, B. – Köppen, D. (2001): Die Nutzung ausgewählter Zwischenfrüchte zur Verringerung von Phosphatverlusten in der Landwirtschaft. Mitt. Gesellschaft für Pflanzenbauwiss., 13: 166-167 p. Eichler, B. – Köppen, D. – Grüner, A. (1997): Nutzung von Phosphorvorräten durch Zwischenfrüchte im Gefäßversuch. 41. Jahrestagung vom 24.-27. 09. 1997 in Kiel, Tagungsband S. 309 Loch J. – Nosticzius Á. (1992): Agrokémia és növényvédelmi kémia. Mezőgazda Kiadó, Budapest Mengel, K. (1972): Ernährung und Stoffwechsel der Pflanze. VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena Nagy, P.T. (2000): Égetéses elven működő elemanalizátor alkalmazhatósága talaj- és növényvizsgálatokhoz. Agrokémia és Talajtan, 49: 521-534 p. 162
ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN SUPPLY, LIMING AND NICKEL CONTAMINATION ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF RYEGRASS (Lolium perenne L.) IN A GREENHOUSE EXPERIMENT Marianna Sipos, Imre Vágó University of Debrecen, Faculty of Agriculture Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science H-4015 Debrecen, P.O.Box 36. It is well known that the dry matter production of plants is determined by the nutrient and water supply and calcium carbonate content of soils and the amount of toxic materials (besides their genetic potential). However, it is not known how the anthropogenic pollutions (e. g. the heavy metal ion content of sewage) modify the effect of these factors. For studying this phenomenon, experiments were carried out on two extremely different soils (leached calcareous chernozem with good fertility and acidic shifting sand soil with low buffering capacity and humus content). In the pot experiment, the effect of four factors (soil, nitrogen supply, nickel loading and CaCO3 treatment) on the dry matter production of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was studied. In the experiment, the dry matter yield of plants was measured in the different treatments and treatment combinations. On chernozem soil, nitrogen had the greatest effect on yield. In the sum of cuts, lime had a yield-increasing effect, while nickel had no significant effect on yielding capacity. On shifting sand soil significant differences were found in the effect of treatments on yield: nitrogen and lime, and nickel ion have exerted their positive and negative effect, respectively; under high Ni-loading chlorotic symptoms could be observed visually on plants. The yield-reducing effect of nickel was striking mainly in the treatments without lime, while in limed variants the yield-depressing effect of Ni contamination was more moderate. Calcium carbonate had a stronger influencing effect on dry matter formation than nitrogen treatments. These results indicate that improving the pH value of acidic soils is important since in addition to improving yielding-capacity, it also limits the depressing effect of toxic elements. Keywords: Nitrogen, calcium carbonate, nickel contamination, productivity of ryegrass INTRODUCTION Nowadays, environmental considerations, study of environmental pollution and mitigation of damages are becoming increasingly important. Anthropogenic pollution represents a serious burden for the living and non-living environment. It might happen that our striving to protect the environment and reduce the pollution will not be efficient enough without satisfactory knowledge on the sources of danger. A good example of this is the heavy metal pollution from sewage sludge applications, which can limit the favourable yield-increasing effect of sewage or can even reduce yields. 163
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Joint Inte
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CONTENTS INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL FERT
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THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN SUPPLY, LIMI
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THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL AND BIOFE
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STUDIES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF
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PREFACE With the general aims to co
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For a better knowledge of applicati
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pH values pH values 8 6 pH values 6
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In the preluvosoil conditions the m
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REFERENCES Bedo, Z.- Lang, L. (1977
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mean (fixed, i.e. systematic effect
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29% in the first 15 years of the ex
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Table 2. Variance and regression pa
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The b = 1.7 value recorded for Trea
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THE IMPACT OF PLANT BREEDING ON SEE
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modified pedigree breeding method,
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“Rigel” seed multiplication com
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The benefits of the cultivars bred
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ABSTRACT SOME LESSONS LEARNED FROM
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about 100 m above sea-level with ye
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Table 3: Effect of treatments on so
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ammoniumlactate-soluble P2O5 and K2
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MODIS NDVI data from the Terra and
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NDVI 0,8 0,75 0,7 0,65 0,6 0,55 0,5
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The a*cos(2π*i/12) periodic compon
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RAINFALL, FERTILIZATION AND LIMING
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1999 to 2006. The main experiment
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Jolánkai M. (2005): Effect of clim
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classified according to the soil te
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Relatív termés (100 NP/NPK), % 3.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This study was fina
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Table 2. The oldest and most import
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plan of the uniform countrywide fie
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• The effect of climate change ca
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MATERIALS AND METHODS An organic an
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TOC % 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 bc b
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The much better performance of the
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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION IN LONG-TER
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Carbon-dioxide and nitrous-oxide sa
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Nitrous-oxide emission Nitrous-oxid
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CH BC N2O = - 8,839 + 0,6904 * Mois
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INFLUENCES OF AMELIORATIVE FERTILIZ
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samples were measured by the ICP-AE
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Table 3. Influences of ameliorative
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Egner, H., Riehm, H., Domingo, W.R.
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To resolve genetics of grain qualit
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Table 2. Average values of analyzed
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CROP ROTATION AND GREEN MANURE INFL
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Organic Chemical Chemical fertiliza
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Influence of the crop rotation and
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REFERENCES 1. Budoi Gh., Penescu A.
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MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimen
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average of watered treatments resul
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Table 4: Changes in soil properties
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epetitions, where the main treatmen
Page 111 and 112: that usually conventional tillage h
Page 113 and 114: RESEARCHES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE
Page 115 and 116: Crop rotation Water regime Water re
Page 117 and 118: conditions. The values, registered
Page 119 and 120: CRISANA -THE FIRST ROMANIAN WHEAT V
Page 121 and 122: In addition, we used recurent selec
Page 123 and 124: Table 2: The root length of some wh
Page 125 and 126: Table 5: Productions and quality re
Page 127 and 128: EXPERIMENTS WITH PERENNIAL RYE (SEC
Page 129 and 130: green mass (6,8-7 t/ha/year dry mas
Page 131 and 132: REFERENCES Kotvics G. (1963): A Sec
Page 133 and 134: een shown to cause leucoencephaloma
Page 135 and 136: Marasas, W.F.O., Kellerman, W.C.A,
Page 137 and 138: minerals (Čuvanová et al. 2006).
Page 139 and 140: 01/2). For the latest periods (fatt
Page 141 and 142: 1. GENERAL APPROACH TO EUROREGIONAL
Page 143 and 144: Association - fig. 2), on the other
Page 145 and 146: communication between the two assoc
Page 147 and 148: The juridical settlement of the Bih
Page 149 and 150: EFFECT OF BORON FERTILIZATION ON AN
Page 151 and 152: 3. Examinations of fruit quality Fo
Page 153 and 154: Fruit density was increased applyin
Page 155 and 156: Wills, R. B. H. - Lim, J. S. K. - G
Page 157 and 158: Nosticzius, 1992). Among these, soi
Page 159 and 160: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The dry mat
Page 161: The amount of nitrogen uptake by th
Page 165 and 166: exactly known due to the size of th
Page 167 and 168: Table 3: Dry matter production of p
Page 169 and 170: more definite in the non limed trea
Page 171 and 172: compare these levels with the Europ
Page 173 and 174: Table 3. Natural occurrence of myco
Page 175 and 176: CORRELATIONS OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC
Page 177 and 178: 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200
Page 179 and 180: Table 3: Land use/ha 1960 1970 1980
Page 181 and 182: RIDING TOURISM IN THE NORTHERN GREA
Page 183 and 184: visitors belonging to all types of
Page 185 and 186: Concerning the weather long autumn
Page 187 and 188: 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 6
Page 189 and 190: technical supervision of the Debrec
Page 191 and 192: TISSUE CULTURE METHODS FOR SCREENIN
Page 193 and 194: symptoms could be observable in the
Page 195 and 196: experiments the other clones and we
Page 197 and 198: MATERIALS AND METHODS Shoot culture
Page 199 and 200: that callus induction and developme
Page 201 and 202: COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES IN A SEVE
Page 203 and 204: Table 1: Mean squares of GCA and SC
Page 205 and 206: combination. We could not obtained
Page 207 and 208: SUSTAINABLE LAND-USE BASED ON WESTS
Page 209 and 210: green manure treatment, where lupin
Page 211 and 212: In Westsik's crop rotation experime
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Crop rotation breaks the weed and i
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The reliability of the method was c
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The increased phosphorus rates incr
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REFERENCES Basha S.M, Roberts R.M (
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Sandy soils w
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AL soluble Ca (mg/kg) 350 300 250 2
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gradually from soils containing 100
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agriculture in Hungary, especially
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according to the treatments. Obtain
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Table 4: Results of regression anal
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From obtained data, it can be estab
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Tops soil (0-30 cm) samples were ta
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Table 5: Impact fertilizing and lim
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COMPOSTED SLAUGHTERHOUSE BY-PRODUCT
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The mature compost became friable,
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maximal yield could be reached at 5
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unfavourable years. 100-200 t/ha do
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THE EFFECT OF BENTONITE ON SPECIFIC
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RESULTS The effect of treatments on
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dosages significantly reduced the a
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DISCUSSION In our experiments, we f
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INVESTIGATION OF MINERAL CONTENT IN
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Element Ammonium-nitrate Superphosp
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According to our results, the effec
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REFERENCES Debreczeni, B., Debrecze
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micronutrient soil tests for many y
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LE and KCl-EDTA extracted similar a
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Table 4. Correlation coefficient be
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YIELD OF RYE AS AFFECTED BY THE CRO
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Table 2: Mean temperature at Nyíre
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It was found that either way of app
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2 The main modification properties
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4 Table 2: Percent of alfalfa and-
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THE IMPORTANCE OF LONG-TERM FIELD E
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essential to the determination of t
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The comparison of the nutrient cont
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environment for three years, then t
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PC 2 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 V2 V5
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Figure 2: Genetic similarity among
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Frenot, Y., Aubry, M., Misset, M. T
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Three foliar fertilizations were do
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CONCLUSIONS The rigorous experiment
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some pathogen agents, a chemical an
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� The pH decrease in the greenhou
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RESULTS AND DISSCUSSIONS 1. The pro
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may employ (wheat) flour produced f
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For the conditions in from Western
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Yield losses millet hay (%) 80 70 6
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- 0,6093) and extremely significant
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CONCLUSIONS The experimental field
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Evaluation of effect of fertilizati
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Table 3: Dry matter content of pars
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On sandy soil, the total N content
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THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL AND BIOFE
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Bacillus megatherium soil bacteria,
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N content of plant: Studying the ni
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chernozem soil in all pots either.
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THE INFLUENCE OF USING BIOLOGICAL A
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2. The influence of using inoculant
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Table 3: The evolution of weight ga
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REFERENCES 4. Anon D.L. (1997): - S
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chernozem represents the dominant s
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AD% AD% 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 T
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Negative reaction was recorded in t
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The Tentant variety positively reac
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Table 1. The density of harmful pes
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vegetation period, without affectin
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THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTROLLING FORMA
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3:1 to 5:3 . In the following exper
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REFERENCES 1. Bartzokas, C. A., K.
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For micro-elements, EDTA+KCl 15 tim
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Ca CO3(%) = AL − Cax2,5 10000 EDT
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ABSTRACT BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION O
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profiles were typical for catena po
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Table 2: Collembola species composi
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Larsen, T., P. Schjonning, J. Axels
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The alimentary problem has constitu
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Table 3. The average annual consump
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FROM FARM TO FORK - EVALUATION OF C
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we made a deeper vertical sampling
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Although the toxic element content
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supp
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l/mp 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Fig. 3 M
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during this period, though not so s
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• the pluviometric regime was als
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1. Specific weight was study accord
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Table 4. Absolut weight MA g result
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Very significant decrease are in V4
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OCEAN DYNAMICS: AIR-SEA INTERFACE G
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∂ C Φ = - ε (3) ∂z where Φ i
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n = - 1 ⁄ 2 [1]-[4]. The later mo
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elucidated yet. We must also imply
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RESEARCHES ON THE QUICK METHOD OF S
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SU8 = (Za/QB) - 100; C8 = (Z8/P8) -
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There are the following calculation
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- preheaters - towards condensation
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Circulation speed of the concentrat
Page 407 and 408:
RESEARCH ON SEEDING AGENTS TO EFFEC
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• about 160 porcelain balls havin
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For the crystal mass the following
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WATER DIFFUSION IN BREAD DURING BAK
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RESULTS Temperature distribution: W
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During the chemical changes the por
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CONCLUSIONS The water content in th
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those portions that are not, are no
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Tension: For bread prepared under l
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obscured. It has been stated that r
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THE MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF THE P
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It was marked with AI the area of t
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mcb [g] mcb [g] mcb [g] 0,040 0,030
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The calculation of engines with spa
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THE VARIATION OF EFFECTIVE POWER AN
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437
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ce [g/kW h] 400.019 350.019 300.019
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THE EFFECT OF THE GENOTYPE AND EXPL
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) The cultures were incubated at cc
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% embryogenic inductio 60 50 40 30
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Table 1 The three way Anova type 3x
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Table 4 The effect of developmental
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was the explant type (the developme
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ABSTRACT COMPARATIVE TESTS FOR SEPA
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Column extraction (Beck, H. and Mat
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Fat Percentage Fat percentage 4.4 4
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HIGHLIGHTING THE STATE OF FRESHNESS
Page 461 and 462:
REFERENCES 1. Eftimie V.M. Particul
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In table 1 the results obtained as
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FORENSIC ASPECTS REGARDING DISASTER
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• depositing the bodies and the e
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FORM NO. 3 ITEM IDENTIFICATION Pers
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- utilised in a biogas processing p
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Viscosity [◦E] 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
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As in any other cyclic, infectious,
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usually incompatible with life or c
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The family doctors must be informed
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2. botulism of inoculation-through
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The repartition of the provenience
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3. The patients hospitalizations mo
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possibility that, due to the chelat
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difference of extinction % 120 100
Page 491 and 492:
Horváth E., Szalai G., Pál m., P
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chlorophyll contents and the values
Page 495 and 496:
Table 1.Estimative mean values for
Page 497 and 498:
TREE GROWTH EQUATIONS IN DIFFERENT
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Image no.1 ImageTool programme was
Page 501 and 502:
Following the results obtained, the
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ms. The placement of the areas was
Page 505 and 506:
Another possible simulated break in
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- distribution after break case 2 y
Page 509 and 510:
THE FREQUENCY OF DAYS WITH DIFFEREN
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200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120
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October, and at higher altitudes (0
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5. The frequency of tropical days r
Page 517 and 518:
At the same time, the genesis of fl
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winter the floods frequency has sma
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% 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 I II III IV V
Page 523 and 524:
RESEARCH REGARDING MAIN CHEMICAL RE
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• Ensuring the juice’ thermal s
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mud which is evacuated out of the p
Page 529 and 530:
MATERIALS AND METHOD Apparatus Clea
Page 531 and 532:
THE IMPORTANCE OF VOLATILE N-NITROS
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The fat cooked out of some of the b
Page 535 and 536:
A problem concerning the formation
Page 537 and 538:
Sample 3, found to contain 343 ppb
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LUNG CANCER CAUSED BY SMOKING AND C
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µg/g dry weight). The pulmonary Cd
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MATERIALS AND METHOD Apparatus and
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for either TLC or reverse-phase LC
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trigger still other responses. In t
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these general patterns appear to be
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The question of determining a “sa
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CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECT
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Figure 3.-Life Cycle of Echinococcu
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that the values are 1 case at 600.0
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Paraclinical data From the laborato
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THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY OF STERIG
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Column Chromatography Loosely place
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that spot intensity could be regene
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its metabolism by oxidative pathway
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Exposure time weeks 1 2 3 Table 2.
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attempted accommodation to the diet
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series, a dose of 0.5 ppm NDMA was
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At 500 ppb and at all higher doses,
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supernatants by a modified cadmium
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adioimmunoassay and by cadmium satu
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• The intermediary form appears b
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sex. In fact, there are no data in
Page 585 and 586:
SOME ASPECTS OF SHELTER REGENERATIO
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In the following lines it is presen
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Număr de arbori 160 140 120 100 80
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Analysing the data presented in the
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WASTEWATER TREATMENT TEHNOLOGIES OF
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As a result of the comparisons betw
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CONCLUSIONS Anaerobe-aerobe treatme
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REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT USING CONSTRUC
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characterized by marshy plants like
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watersurface, but their roots are t
Page 605 and 606:
• Which of the heavy metals that
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Figure 2 shows that Cd also is conc
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