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6. Stamate, Grigore (1997), Frontiera de stat a României, Militară Publishing House, Bucharest; 7. * * * European Institute of Romania (2004), Ghidul U.E., Aquis comunitar nr. 1 series, 2 nd edition, coord. Tamara Ferluşcă. 8. * * * (1996), Legea nr. XXI din 1996 privind administraţia publică locală a Ungariei. 9. * * * (2001), Legea nr. 215/2001 privind administraţia publică locală, în M. Of. al României nr. 204 din 23 aprilie 2001, Bucureşti. 10. * * * Kozponti Statisztikai Hivatal (2002), Hajdú-Bihar megyei Igazgatósága. 11. * * * National Institute of Statistics (2003), Date statistice după recensământul populaţiei din 2002. 12. * * * (2002), The Euroregion’s Constitution Accord and The Statute of The Euroregion Bihor – Hajdú-Bihar. 13. Web sites: www.euroregiuni.ro, www.freeweb.hu/romanul, www.mie.ro 148
EFFECT OF BORON FERTILIZATION ON ANNUAL FLUCTUATION OF B IN SWEET CHERRY LEAVES AND FRUIT QUALITY Péter Tamás Nagy 1 - Sándor Thurzó 2 - Ida Kincses 1 - Zoltán Szabó 2 - József Nyéki 2 1 Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, University of Debrecen, Centre of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy 2 Institute for Extension and Development, University of Debrecen, Centre of Agricultural Sciences ABSTRACT The goal of the study was to examine response of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) to boron (B) fertilization. The experiment was conducted during 2005–2006 in West Hungary on mature cv. ‘Germersdorfi 3’ grafted on Prunus mahaleb rootstock. Sweet cherry trees planted on a calcareous chernozem soil. Trees were foliar-fertilized with B. Foliar B sprays were performed: (1) in the spring, at the stage of white bud, beginning of flowering, and (2) repeated 5 weeks after full bloom. In each of spring spray treatments, B was applied at a rate of 0.15 kg ha −1 . Trees untreated with B served as a control. The results showed that B fertilization had effect on B concentration in leaf tissues, mostly after ripening. Mean fruit weight was slightly increased by B fertilization. Fruit sensitivity to cracking was not influenced by B fertilization. Nevertheless, from our data it can be conclude that the sensitivity of fruit to cracking is improved when the fruit is riper, the fruit density and fruit weight are higher. The soluble solids varied between 15.0 and 15.9% according to the treatments. Our results for the monosaccharides investigated varied between 7.6 and 8.0 as glucose and fructose as well. It is concluded that under conditions of this experiment, B fertilization can be recommended in sweet cherry culture to improve fruit quality and their appearance. Keywords cherry, foliar nutrition, boron fertilization, fruit quality INTRODUCTION However the role of Boron (B) is well-known in the plant nutrition, especially fruit nutrition, there are very little information about its application and use in Hungarian orchards. Boron is an essential micronutrient in plants that is often deficient in most soils because most of the boron in the soil is adsorbed to clay minerals, hydrous metal oxides, and organic matter in soils. In addition, boron can be co-precipitated with calcium carbonate making it unavailable to the roots. Moreover the B uptake is hindered by very wet or very dry soils, increased leaching and cold soil temperatures. The major role of B in fruit trees involves fruit set (Faust, 1989). Apple, pear and cherry flowers are very high in B. The B needed in the flower is transported mainly from the reserves in the adjacent branches and not from the roots during the development flower. It is essential for reproduction, aids in the formation of pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Boron aids in the metabolism of hormones and in the translocation of calcium, sugars and growth regulators, required for protein synthesis. In addition B is important for early growth, flowering and fruit set (Kamali 149
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Joint Inte
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CONTENTS INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL FERT
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THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN SUPPLY, LIMI
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THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL AND BIOFE
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STUDIES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF
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PREFACE With the general aims to co
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For a better knowledge of applicati
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pH values pH values 8 6 pH values 6
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In the preluvosoil conditions the m
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REFERENCES Bedo, Z.- Lang, L. (1977
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mean (fixed, i.e. systematic effect
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29% in the first 15 years of the ex
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Table 2. Variance and regression pa
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The b = 1.7 value recorded for Trea
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THE IMPACT OF PLANT BREEDING ON SEE
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modified pedigree breeding method,
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“Rigel” seed multiplication com
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The benefits of the cultivars bred
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ABSTRACT SOME LESSONS LEARNED FROM
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about 100 m above sea-level with ye
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Table 3: Effect of treatments on so
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ammoniumlactate-soluble P2O5 and K2
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MODIS NDVI data from the Terra and
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NDVI 0,8 0,75 0,7 0,65 0,6 0,55 0,5
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The a*cos(2π*i/12) periodic compon
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RAINFALL, FERTILIZATION AND LIMING
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1999 to 2006. The main experiment
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Jolánkai M. (2005): Effect of clim
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classified according to the soil te
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Relatív termés (100 NP/NPK), % 3.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This study was fina
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Table 2. The oldest and most import
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plan of the uniform countrywide fie
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• The effect of climate change ca
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MATERIALS AND METHODS An organic an
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TOC % 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 bc b
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The much better performance of the
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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION IN LONG-TER
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Carbon-dioxide and nitrous-oxide sa
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Nitrous-oxide emission Nitrous-oxid
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CH BC N2O = - 8,839 + 0,6904 * Mois
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INFLUENCES OF AMELIORATIVE FERTILIZ
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samples were measured by the ICP-AE
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Table 3. Influences of ameliorative
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Egner, H., Riehm, H., Domingo, W.R.
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To resolve genetics of grain qualit
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Table 2. Average values of analyzed
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CROP ROTATION AND GREEN MANURE INFL
Page 97 and 98: Organic Chemical Chemical fertiliza
Page 99 and 100: Influence of the crop rotation and
Page 101 and 102: REFERENCES 1. Budoi Gh., Penescu A.
Page 103 and 104: MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimen
Page 105 and 106: average of watered treatments resul
Page 107 and 108: Table 4: Changes in soil properties
Page 109 and 110: epetitions, where the main treatmen
Page 111 and 112: that usually conventional tillage h
Page 113 and 114: RESEARCHES REGARDING THE INFLUENCE
Page 115 and 116: Crop rotation Water regime Water re
Page 117 and 118: conditions. The values, registered
Page 119 and 120: CRISANA -THE FIRST ROMANIAN WHEAT V
Page 121 and 122: In addition, we used recurent selec
Page 123 and 124: Table 2: The root length of some wh
Page 125 and 126: Table 5: Productions and quality re
Page 127 and 128: EXPERIMENTS WITH PERENNIAL RYE (SEC
Page 129 and 130: green mass (6,8-7 t/ha/year dry mas
Page 131 and 132: REFERENCES Kotvics G. (1963): A Sec
Page 133 and 134: een shown to cause leucoencephaloma
Page 135 and 136: Marasas, W.F.O., Kellerman, W.C.A,
Page 137 and 138: minerals (Čuvanová et al. 2006).
Page 139 and 140: 01/2). For the latest periods (fatt
Page 141 and 142: 1. GENERAL APPROACH TO EUROREGIONAL
Page 143 and 144: Association - fig. 2), on the other
Page 145 and 146: communication between the two assoc
Page 147: The juridical settlement of the Bih
Page 151 and 152: 3. Examinations of fruit quality Fo
Page 153 and 154: Fruit density was increased applyin
Page 155 and 156: Wills, R. B. H. - Lim, J. S. K. - G
Page 157 and 158: Nosticzius, 1992). Among these, soi
Page 159 and 160: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The dry mat
Page 161 and 162: The amount of nitrogen uptake by th
Page 163 and 164: ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN SUP
Page 165 and 166: exactly known due to the size of th
Page 167 and 168: Table 3: Dry matter production of p
Page 169 and 170: more definite in the non limed trea
Page 171 and 172: compare these levels with the Europ
Page 173 and 174: Table 3. Natural occurrence of myco
Page 175 and 176: CORRELATIONS OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC
Page 177 and 178: 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200
Page 179 and 180: Table 3: Land use/ha 1960 1970 1980
Page 181 and 182: RIDING TOURISM IN THE NORTHERN GREA
Page 183 and 184: visitors belonging to all types of
Page 185 and 186: Concerning the weather long autumn
Page 187 and 188: 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 6
Page 189 and 190: technical supervision of the Debrec
Page 191 and 192: TISSUE CULTURE METHODS FOR SCREENIN
Page 193 and 194: symptoms could be observable in the
Page 195 and 196: experiments the other clones and we
Page 197 and 198: MATERIALS AND METHODS Shoot culture
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that callus induction and developme
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COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES IN A SEVE
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Table 1: Mean squares of GCA and SC
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combination. We could not obtained
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SUSTAINABLE LAND-USE BASED ON WESTS
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green manure treatment, where lupin
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In Westsik's crop rotation experime
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Crop rotation breaks the weed and i
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The reliability of the method was c
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The increased phosphorus rates incr
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REFERENCES Basha S.M, Roberts R.M (
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Sandy soils w
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AL soluble Ca (mg/kg) 350 300 250 2
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gradually from soils containing 100
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agriculture in Hungary, especially
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according to the treatments. Obtain
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Table 4: Results of regression anal
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From obtained data, it can be estab
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Tops soil (0-30 cm) samples were ta
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Table 5: Impact fertilizing and lim
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COMPOSTED SLAUGHTERHOUSE BY-PRODUCT
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The mature compost became friable,
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maximal yield could be reached at 5
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unfavourable years. 100-200 t/ha do
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THE EFFECT OF BENTONITE ON SPECIFIC
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RESULTS The effect of treatments on
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dosages significantly reduced the a
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DISCUSSION In our experiments, we f
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INVESTIGATION OF MINERAL CONTENT IN
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Element Ammonium-nitrate Superphosp
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According to our results, the effec
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REFERENCES Debreczeni, B., Debrecze
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micronutrient soil tests for many y
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LE and KCl-EDTA extracted similar a
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Table 4. Correlation coefficient be
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YIELD OF RYE AS AFFECTED BY THE CRO
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Table 2: Mean temperature at Nyíre
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It was found that either way of app
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2 The main modification properties
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4 Table 2: Percent of alfalfa and-
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THE IMPORTANCE OF LONG-TERM FIELD E
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essential to the determination of t
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The comparison of the nutrient cont
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environment for three years, then t
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PC 2 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 V2 V5
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Figure 2: Genetic similarity among
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Frenot, Y., Aubry, M., Misset, M. T
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Three foliar fertilizations were do
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CONCLUSIONS The rigorous experiment
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some pathogen agents, a chemical an
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� The pH decrease in the greenhou
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RESULTS AND DISSCUSSIONS 1. The pro
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may employ (wheat) flour produced f
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For the conditions in from Western
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Yield losses millet hay (%) 80 70 6
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- 0,6093) and extremely significant
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CONCLUSIONS The experimental field
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Evaluation of effect of fertilizati
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Table 3: Dry matter content of pars
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On sandy soil, the total N content
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THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL AND BIOFE
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Bacillus megatherium soil bacteria,
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N content of plant: Studying the ni
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chernozem soil in all pots either.
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THE INFLUENCE OF USING BIOLOGICAL A
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2. The influence of using inoculant
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Table 3: The evolution of weight ga
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REFERENCES 4. Anon D.L. (1997): - S
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chernozem represents the dominant s
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AD% AD% 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 T
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Negative reaction was recorded in t
Page 341 and 342:
The Tentant variety positively reac
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Table 1. The density of harmful pes
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vegetation period, without affectin
Page 347 and 348:
THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTROLLING FORMA
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3:1 to 5:3 . In the following exper
Page 351 and 352:
REFERENCES 1. Bartzokas, C. A., K.
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For micro-elements, EDTA+KCl 15 tim
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Ca CO3(%) = AL − Cax2,5 10000 EDT
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ABSTRACT BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION O
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profiles were typical for catena po
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Table 2: Collembola species composi
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Larsen, T., P. Schjonning, J. Axels
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The alimentary problem has constitu
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Table 3. The average annual consump
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FROM FARM TO FORK - EVALUATION OF C
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we made a deeper vertical sampling
Page 373 and 374:
Although the toxic element content
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supp
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l/mp 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Fig. 3 M
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during this period, though not so s
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• the pluviometric regime was als
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1. Specific weight was study accord
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Table 4. Absolut weight MA g result
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Very significant decrease are in V4
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OCEAN DYNAMICS: AIR-SEA INTERFACE G
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∂ C Φ = - ε (3) ∂z where Φ i
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n = - 1 ⁄ 2 [1]-[4]. The later mo
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elucidated yet. We must also imply
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RESEARCHES ON THE QUICK METHOD OF S
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SU8 = (Za/QB) - 100; C8 = (Z8/P8) -
Page 401 and 402:
There are the following calculation
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- preheaters - towards condensation
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Circulation speed of the concentrat
Page 407 and 408:
RESEARCH ON SEEDING AGENTS TO EFFEC
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• about 160 porcelain balls havin
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For the crystal mass the following
Page 413 and 414:
WATER DIFFUSION IN BREAD DURING BAK
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RESULTS Temperature distribution: W
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During the chemical changes the por
Page 419 and 420:
CONCLUSIONS The water content in th
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those portions that are not, are no
Page 423 and 424:
Tension: For bread prepared under l
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obscured. It has been stated that r
Page 427 and 428:
THE MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF THE P
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It was marked with AI the area of t
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mcb [g] mcb [g] mcb [g] 0,040 0,030
Page 433 and 434:
The calculation of engines with spa
Page 435 and 436:
THE VARIATION OF EFFECTIVE POWER AN
Page 437 and 438:
437
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ce [g/kW h] 400.019 350.019 300.019
Page 441 and 442:
THE EFFECT OF THE GENOTYPE AND EXPL
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) The cultures were incubated at cc
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% embryogenic inductio 60 50 40 30
Page 447 and 448:
Table 1 The three way Anova type 3x
Page 449 and 450:
Table 4 The effect of developmental
Page 451 and 452:
was the explant type (the developme
Page 453 and 454:
ABSTRACT COMPARATIVE TESTS FOR SEPA
Page 455 and 456:
Column extraction (Beck, H. and Mat
Page 457 and 458:
Fat Percentage Fat percentage 4.4 4
Page 459 and 460:
HIGHLIGHTING THE STATE OF FRESHNESS
Page 461 and 462:
REFERENCES 1. Eftimie V.M. Particul
Page 463 and 464:
In table 1 the results obtained as
Page 465 and 466:
FORENSIC ASPECTS REGARDING DISASTER
Page 467 and 468:
• depositing the bodies and the e
Page 469 and 470:
FORM NO. 3 ITEM IDENTIFICATION Pers
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- utilised in a biogas processing p
Page 473 and 474:
Viscosity [◦E] 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Page 475 and 476:
As in any other cyclic, infectious,
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usually incompatible with life or c
Page 479 and 480:
The family doctors must be informed
Page 481 and 482:
2. botulism of inoculation-through
Page 483 and 484:
The repartition of the provenience
Page 485 and 486:
3. The patients hospitalizations mo
Page 487 and 488:
possibility that, due to the chelat
Page 489 and 490:
difference of extinction % 120 100
Page 491 and 492:
Horváth E., Szalai G., Pál m., P
Page 493 and 494:
chlorophyll contents and the values
Page 495 and 496:
Table 1.Estimative mean values for
Page 497 and 498:
TREE GROWTH EQUATIONS IN DIFFERENT
Page 499 and 500:
Image no.1 ImageTool programme was
Page 501 and 502:
Following the results obtained, the
Page 503 and 504:
ms. The placement of the areas was
Page 505 and 506:
Another possible simulated break in
Page 507 and 508:
- distribution after break case 2 y
Page 509 and 510:
THE FREQUENCY OF DAYS WITH DIFFEREN
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200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120
Page 513 and 514:
October, and at higher altitudes (0
Page 515 and 516:
5. The frequency of tropical days r
Page 517 and 518:
At the same time, the genesis of fl
Page 519 and 520:
winter the floods frequency has sma
Page 521 and 522:
% 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 I II III IV V
Page 523 and 524:
RESEARCH REGARDING MAIN CHEMICAL RE
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• Ensuring the juice’ thermal s
Page 527 and 528:
mud which is evacuated out of the p
Page 529 and 530:
MATERIALS AND METHOD Apparatus Clea
Page 531 and 532:
THE IMPORTANCE OF VOLATILE N-NITROS
Page 533 and 534:
The fat cooked out of some of the b
Page 535 and 536:
A problem concerning the formation
Page 537 and 538:
Sample 3, found to contain 343 ppb
Page 539 and 540:
LUNG CANCER CAUSED BY SMOKING AND C
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µg/g dry weight). The pulmonary Cd
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MATERIALS AND METHOD Apparatus and
Page 545 and 546:
for either TLC or reverse-phase LC
Page 547 and 548:
trigger still other responses. In t
Page 549 and 550:
these general patterns appear to be
Page 551 and 552:
The question of determining a “sa
Page 553 and 554:
CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECT
Page 555 and 556:
Figure 3.-Life Cycle of Echinococcu
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that the values are 1 case at 600.0
Page 559 and 560:
Paraclinical data From the laborato
Page 561 and 562:
THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY OF STERIG
Page 563 and 564:
Column Chromatography Loosely place
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that spot intensity could be regene
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its metabolism by oxidative pathway
Page 569 and 570:
Exposure time weeks 1 2 3 Table 2.
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attempted accommodation to the diet
Page 573 and 574:
series, a dose of 0.5 ppm NDMA was
Page 575 and 576:
At 500 ppb and at all higher doses,
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supernatants by a modified cadmium
Page 579 and 580:
adioimmunoassay and by cadmium satu
Page 581 and 582:
• The intermediary form appears b
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sex. In fact, there are no data in
Page 585 and 586:
SOME ASPECTS OF SHELTER REGENERATIO
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In the following lines it is presen
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Număr de arbori 160 140 120 100 80
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Analysing the data presented in the
Page 593 and 594:
WASTEWATER TREATMENT TEHNOLOGIES OF
Page 595 and 596:
As a result of the comparisons betw
Page 597 and 598:
CONCLUSIONS Anaerobe-aerobe treatme
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REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT USING CONSTRUC
Page 601 and 602:
characterized by marshy plants like
Page 603 and 604:
watersurface, but their roots are t
Page 605 and 606:
• Which of the heavy metals that
Page 607 and 608:
Figure 2 shows that Cd also is conc
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