Joint International Conference on Long-term Experiments ...

The romanian Fundulea 4 variety vas utilized like a genitor becouse in 1986 it was the
most productive wheat variety in our country. It was too the most addapted to our zone,
an ideotype for north-west of Romania, an wet and colder geografic areal.
Atlas 66, an old variety from United States of America (South Carolina), has a lot
of defficiences, like any old cultivar: sensibility to diseases, tall, sensitive to falling and
too tardive. Hovewer, this variety have a very high content in protein and high tolerance
to aluminum ions toxicity, beeing an etalon in all genetical study.
The hibridation Fundulea 4/Atlas 66 was efectuated in 1986 and F1 hybrid vas
tested in 1987. During the period 1988 - 1990 (F2 – F4 generations) we selected every
year plantes with aluminum tolerance, in solution with growing concentration of
aluminum in laboratory and in a testing fild near Sudrigiu, in Beius Depression.
Beginning with the year 1991 (F5 generation) and finishing with 1996 (hybrid
generation F10) the selection has agronomical objective, in two experimental fields,
Sânmartin and Oradea. During 1997 – 1998 (D1 and D2), the breeding line Oradea 133
G vas tested in comparative micro-trials, simultaneous in all three fields. In the period
1999 – 2001 we proceded to testing of breeding line 133 G 41113124-S353 in paralel in 2
comparative experiments, in Oradea and Sânmartin. Because of it performances during
of all this years, during 2002 – 2004 the breeding line Oradea 133 was tested in network
of State Institute for Variety Testing and Registration (S.I.V.T.R.). Finally, in 2005 this
breeding line vas registred like variety with the name Crisana.
Simultaneoussly, we started the multiplication of seeds, than today the new variety
is cultivated on more than 200 ha in Agricultural Research Station Oradea fields.
To caracterize the genotipes regarding the tolerance to aluminium, we used an original
method (Bunta, 1996) and another two method addapted by proffesor dr. Gallia Butnaru
from the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat county
(USAMVB) from Timişoara, the laboratory of genetics.
The qualities analyses were effectuated in the laboratory of National Institute for
Agricultural Researches and Development Fundulea and State Institute for Variety
Testing and Registration Bucureşti.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The actuals Romanian cultivars do not have tolerance to aluminium toxicity or here
tolerance level is reduced (Albota, Fundulea 133, Arieşan, Trivale). The cause consists
in the fact that the Romanian breeding programs did not fallow this objective.
The breeding program for tolerance to aluminum ions toxicity started at
Agricultural Research and Development Station Oradea in 1982, like a program
regarding creation of varieties well adapted to local condition of hill zone from western
Romania.
The first stage look to transfer aluminum tolerance from spring wheat varieties
originated from Brazil and another country in local winter wheat genotypes. In the same
time, we look to associate aluminum tolerance with different another characters, like:
plant height, precocity, spike characteristics, the position and color of lives, etc.
To can realize the main objective of our program, it was necessary to create a
specific breeding scheme. These consist in the classic method (recombination and
selection), with some adaptations (fig. 1).
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