Joint International Conference on Long-term Experiments ...

CRISANA -THE FIRST ROMANIAN WHEAT VARIETY WITH TOLERANCE
TO ALUMINIUM IONS TOXICITY FROM ACID SOILS
Gh. Bunta*, Elena Bucurean**
*Agricultural Research and Development Station Oradea,
**University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
ABSTRACT
The paper present the new wheat variety registered in 2005 in Romania, Crisana. This
one was created in Agricultural Research and Development Station Oradea by
hybridization and repeated genealogical selection, especial for the acid soils from
Transilvania and other parts of Romania. The acid soils from hill zones have low pH
and aluminum ions toxicity, but Crisana variety is very tolerant to this. In the same
time, this new variety has very good backing qualities, being superior to the presents
Romanian wheat variety cultivated in the north part of Romania. In present, the variety
is in a multiplication process in the fields of Agricultural Research and Development
Station Oradea and it will be cultivated on acid soils from west and north of Romania.
Keywords: aluminum toxicity, variety, wheat, quality.
INTRODUCTION
In 1960, Neenan described for the first time the differential reaction of genotypes to
aluminum ion toxicity from acid soils. After this finding, the tolerance of plants to
aluminum ion toxicity was approach by many researchers. At the beginning, the
problem was studied in genetically point of whew in Brasilia and CIMMYT –Mexico
(Camargo and Felicio, 1988) and after this like a breeding objective (Aniol and
Gustafson, 1990).
In Romania, for the first time the problem was studied in 1987 (Bunta et al.), when
started a breeding program in cooperation with National Institute for Agricultural
Research and Development Fundulea. The study begun with elaboration of an original
method of testing in laboratory conditions, in hydroponics solutions. The researches
continued with the study of a large collection of genotypes to identify some genetically
sources of tolerance to ions toxicity. In the same idea, we collected many local wheat
populations and old cultivates (Bunta, 1997). After this, we initiated studies regarding
heredity of wheat tolerance to aluminum ions toxicity (Bunta, 1999/a; Bunta, 1999/b).
The new variety Crişana, which is for the moment the single Romanian wheat
variety with high tolerance to ions toxicity, has another qualities too, like a good
backing quality and high productive potential.
The studies regarding the breeding for tolerance to aluminum toxicity proceeding
for triticale in National Institute for Agricultural Research and Development Fundulea
(Ittu and Săulescu, 1988) and for wheat Agricultural Research and Development Station
Albota, too (Voica and Dumitrascu 2002).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Th Crisana variety was created by genealogical repeted selection from hybrid
combination Fundulea 4 / Atlas 66.
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