July 1989 - San Francisco Police Officers Association
July 1989 - San Francisco Police Officers Association
July 1989 - San Francisco Police Officers Association
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<strong>July</strong>, <strong>1989</strong><br />
The <strong>San</strong> Diego Experience<br />
'I was hurt because I was working alone and<br />
cover took 10 minutes to show up'<br />
Editors' note: Cleveland POA is in the<br />
process of negotiations and an important<br />
issue to them is two-man cars. They sent<br />
a letter to <strong>San</strong> Diego PD for a study. The<br />
results are interesting.<br />
We would like to share with you, the<br />
membership, some facts and opinions that<br />
we learned from the <strong>San</strong> Diego <strong>Police</strong> <strong>Officers</strong>'<br />
<strong>Association</strong>. You are probably<br />
wondering why we chose the <strong>San</strong> Diego<br />
<strong>Police</strong> Department to investigate the oneofficer<br />
car. Let us give you some background<br />
history on the <strong>San</strong> Diego <strong>Police</strong><br />
Department.<br />
In 1976, their Department did an extensive<br />
study on the issue of one-man and<br />
two-man cars. (The same study verbally referred<br />
to by Fresno Sheriff personnel.) The<br />
results of that study showed that the oneman<br />
car was more efficient and the danger<br />
to the police officer was at minimal. This<br />
study was used by many departments<br />
around the country as the pilot program to<br />
stimulate the one-man issue.<br />
The conclusions and recommendations<br />
of this study showed that two-officer<br />
regular patrol units do not appear to be<br />
justified in <strong>San</strong> Diego.<br />
Separate comparisons<br />
Separate comparisons of units: performance,<br />
efficiency, andofficer safety under<br />
current conditions all suggest that oneofficer<br />
units are at least equal to and often<br />
more advantageous than two-officer units.<br />
Which means one-officer units should be<br />
the normal pattern in the city of <strong>San</strong> Diego<br />
from now on. How wrong they were and<br />
what a cost to find out that the <strong>San</strong> Diego<br />
study was totally invalid.<br />
Here are a few facts to show the total<br />
failure of the <strong>San</strong> Diego experience:<br />
FACT: <strong>San</strong> Diego <strong>Police</strong> Department,<br />
1700 strong, led the nation in mortality<br />
rate. That is officers killed in the line of duty.<br />
They were seven times higher than New<br />
York per capita, five times higher than Los<br />
Angeles per capita in a period of 1977 to<br />
1985. Ten police officers killed in the line<br />
of duty. The majority attributed to oneofficer<br />
units.<br />
FACT: <strong>San</strong> Diego police officers were<br />
number two in the nation for police officers<br />
injured in the line of duty. These claims are<br />
all documented to show 50 percent of all<br />
officers attempting to effect an arrest in<br />
<strong>San</strong> Diego were injured by suspects.<br />
Below are some actual cases that police<br />
officers in <strong>San</strong> Diego testified they experienced<br />
as the result of the one-man cars.<br />
One officer testified: "I was hurt several<br />
years ago because I was working alone and<br />
cover did not show up for 10 minutes -<br />
I was fighting six people."<br />
Another officer had a close call under a<br />
diferent circumstance: I stopped a motorcyclist<br />
one night - ran a records check.<br />
The subject fled. I was alone and this happened<br />
at night. I pursued on foot, calling<br />
for cover on my walkie-talkie. Communications<br />
did not receive my transmission. I<br />
caught the subject and we fought. The subject<br />
overpowered me and took my gun. I<br />
owe my life to the fact that the subject was<br />
in a 'fright' not 'fight' mood. the subject was<br />
63", 200 lbs. I am 58", 150lbs. Communications<br />
and other officers deduced<br />
that I had been calling for cover. The first<br />
cover officer showed up two minutes after<br />
the fight was over and the subject escaped.<br />
Two-man teams with shotguns searched<br />
the area and found the subject still with my<br />
gun."<br />
Close calls cited<br />
Other officers cited close calls where<br />
their partner made a big difference. There<br />
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were several respondents indicating that<br />
another person, non-officer, had come to<br />
their rescue at a critical time. Such an officer<br />
driving by a disturbance: "I noticed a<br />
group of people that appeared to be in a<br />
discussion with a male standing away from<br />
them holding a shovel in his hands. I stopped<br />
my car and observed from about 150<br />
yards. I asked for the ETA of my cover unit<br />
and was advised he was still 5 minutes<br />
away. The person with the shovel saw me<br />
(still sitting in my car) and ran at me throwing<br />
rocks and swinging the shovel as if it<br />
were a baseball bat. I put out a Code 3<br />
cover. I got out of my car in an attempt to<br />
try to calm this person down, but to no<br />
avail. I began to back up and was forced<br />
to draw my gun to defend myself. I told this<br />
person not to come any closer or I would<br />
shoot. At this time he was about 10 yards<br />
away, walking slowly towards me and still<br />
swinging the shovel. At that point a<br />
neighbor ran from the sidewalk tackling<br />
this person from behind, giving me time to<br />
reholster my gun and assist in subduing the<br />
suspect. My cover unit arrived and also had<br />
to assist the neighbor and myself in handcuffing<br />
the suspect. If not for the neighbor,<br />
I may have been forced to shoot a 16 year<br />
old juvenile 62", 175 lbs., not to mention<br />
right in the presence of his whole family."<br />
A patrol officer that has been on the<br />
police force for over five years encountered<br />
a situation which gives some contrast between<br />
a one and two-man unit: "Just recently<br />
I was covering an ambulance (2 officers)<br />
[ambulance manned by police officers] on<br />
a stop. They were issuing him a citation<br />
when they got a priority one call. I was left<br />
there to finish the cite. When other officers<br />
were there, the guy was cool and calm. As<br />
soon as the other officers left, he started<br />
getting mouthy. He finally said, 'Now that<br />
your friends are gone, what are you gonna<br />
do if I don't want to sign it?"<br />
A patrolman with over five years of service<br />
in the force wrote: "In a one-man unit,<br />
I stay away from suspicious groups, where<br />
I would contact them with a partner."<br />
Similar views expressed<br />
Another patrolman expressed hearing<br />
similar views expressed from other officers:<br />
"Talking to officers working one-man units,<br />
I have heard frequently, 'I am not going to<br />
get involved unless I have a cover unit with<br />
me."<br />
Detectives also indicate the need for a<br />
partner: "Most suspects we deal with have<br />
been in prison and the first thing on their<br />
mind is they are not going back. The presence<br />
of a second detective makes them<br />
think twice about becoming violent."<br />
A respondent expressed a view concerning<br />
situations when other officers are out<br />
of service: "When a few officers are out of<br />
service, I think the remaining few try to stay<br />
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Various respondents expressed feelings<br />
of affirmation. Their feeling is that the administration<br />
cares more about police efficiency<br />
than policeman's safety. The openended<br />
questions provided an assortment<br />
of responses which included concern for officer<br />
safety, willingness to cooperate with<br />
information, willingness to improve efficiency,<br />
alienation from the administration,<br />
anger over recent fatalities of police officers.<br />
Finally, one officer who prefers to<br />
wait for a cover wrote: "The most important<br />
part of my job is to come home each<br />
night. My family needs me and depends on<br />
me."<br />
The last paragraph seems to echo the<br />
sentiment of police officers everywhere,<br />
from Cleveland to <strong>San</strong> Diego. But the administration<br />
of <strong>San</strong> Diego did not hear that<br />
echo. Not until eight years later. April 23,<br />
1985 to be exact. And, it took the news<br />
media, along with the <strong>San</strong> Diego <strong>Police</strong> <strong>Officers</strong>'<br />
<strong>Association</strong> to scream up to the<br />
ivory tower, "You have a major problem<br />
here."<br />
What took place then was the most intense<br />
indepth investigation any police<br />
department has ever conducted into it own<br />
operational procedure. This Officer Task<br />
Force Study is unique in law enforcement<br />
history. Not only for the number of people<br />
who participated in it and the number of<br />
recommendations which resulted from it,<br />
but also and more importantly, for the simple<br />
fact that the <strong>San</strong> Diego <strong>Police</strong> Department<br />
had the courage to say, "We were<br />
wrong in our earlier study."<br />
More than 80 officers required<br />
This Officer Task Force Study required<br />
more than 80 police officers, from patrol<br />
officers to the Chiefs office. It took 22<br />
weeks to complete. It included 102 recommendations<br />
which were developed that will<br />
result in sweeping changes in training, field<br />
and supervisor procedure, stricter security<br />
controls, and vast improvements in the<br />
equipment provided to officers.<br />
The cost associated with the Task Force<br />
Study are high and will go higher. The cost<br />
to the citizens of <strong>San</strong> Diego will reach over<br />
6 million dollars to implement all 102<br />
recommendations. But, most importantly,<br />
<strong>San</strong> Diego police vehicles will be operated<br />
by two officers.<br />
Getting back to the cost factor. That will<br />
be paid by the city of <strong>San</strong> Diego. What really<br />
disturbed me was the high cost factor<br />
to get this study done in the first place. Ten<br />
officers killed and 50 percent of their officers<br />
injured from 1977 to 1986. Enough<br />
said. Reprinted from PORAC, April 1988<br />
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Page 11<br />
Retirement Dinner<br />
Honoring<br />
Captain<br />
Kenneth Foss<br />
Friday, August 11, <strong>1989</strong><br />
Cathedral Hill Hotel<br />
Van Ness & Geary,<br />
<strong>San</strong> <strong>Francisco</strong><br />
Tickets $35.00 Per Person -<br />
Couples Welcome<br />
Includes - Dinner, Wine, Tax,<br />
Gratuity & Gift<br />
No Host Cocktails -<br />
6:00 P.M.17:30 P.M.<br />
Dinner 7:30 P.M.<br />
For Tickets Contact:<br />
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Mission High School<br />
50th Reunion<br />
The classes of June & December<br />
1939 of Mission High School, <strong>San</strong><br />
<strong>Francisco</strong> will hold their 50-year reunion<br />
on Saturday, October 21,<br />
<strong>1989</strong>, at the Grosvenor Airport Inn<br />
in South <strong>San</strong> <strong>Francisco</strong>. To help in<br />
the reunion effort, please contact Iris<br />
Conti Allegrini, 97 Lapham Way,<br />
<strong>San</strong> <strong>Francisco</strong>, 94124. Or phone Iris<br />
(415) 584-6314.<br />
By Appointment only<br />
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