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July 1989 - San Francisco Police Officers Association

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<strong>July</strong>, <strong>1989</strong><br />

The <strong>San</strong> Diego Experience<br />

'I was hurt because I was working alone and<br />

cover took 10 minutes to show up'<br />

Editors' note: Cleveland POA is in the<br />

process of negotiations and an important<br />

issue to them is two-man cars. They sent<br />

a letter to <strong>San</strong> Diego PD for a study. The<br />

results are interesting.<br />

We would like to share with you, the<br />

membership, some facts and opinions that<br />

we learned from the <strong>San</strong> Diego <strong>Police</strong> <strong>Officers</strong>'<br />

<strong>Association</strong>. You are probably<br />

wondering why we chose the <strong>San</strong> Diego<br />

<strong>Police</strong> Department to investigate the oneofficer<br />

car. Let us give you some background<br />

history on the <strong>San</strong> Diego <strong>Police</strong><br />

Department.<br />

In 1976, their Department did an extensive<br />

study on the issue of one-man and<br />

two-man cars. (The same study verbally referred<br />

to by Fresno Sheriff personnel.) The<br />

results of that study showed that the oneman<br />

car was more efficient and the danger<br />

to the police officer was at minimal. This<br />

study was used by many departments<br />

around the country as the pilot program to<br />

stimulate the one-man issue.<br />

The conclusions and recommendations<br />

of this study showed that two-officer<br />

regular patrol units do not appear to be<br />

justified in <strong>San</strong> Diego.<br />

Separate comparisons<br />

Separate comparisons of units: performance,<br />

efficiency, andofficer safety under<br />

current conditions all suggest that oneofficer<br />

units are at least equal to and often<br />

more advantageous than two-officer units.<br />

Which means one-officer units should be<br />

the normal pattern in the city of <strong>San</strong> Diego<br />

from now on. How wrong they were and<br />

what a cost to find out that the <strong>San</strong> Diego<br />

study was totally invalid.<br />

Here are a few facts to show the total<br />

failure of the <strong>San</strong> Diego experience:<br />

FACT: <strong>San</strong> Diego <strong>Police</strong> Department,<br />

1700 strong, led the nation in mortality<br />

rate. That is officers killed in the line of duty.<br />

They were seven times higher than New<br />

York per capita, five times higher than Los<br />

Angeles per capita in a period of 1977 to<br />

1985. Ten police officers killed in the line<br />

of duty. The majority attributed to oneofficer<br />

units.<br />

FACT: <strong>San</strong> Diego police officers were<br />

number two in the nation for police officers<br />

injured in the line of duty. These claims are<br />

all documented to show 50 percent of all<br />

officers attempting to effect an arrest in<br />

<strong>San</strong> Diego were injured by suspects.<br />

Below are some actual cases that police<br />

officers in <strong>San</strong> Diego testified they experienced<br />

as the result of the one-man cars.<br />

One officer testified: "I was hurt several<br />

years ago because I was working alone and<br />

cover did not show up for 10 minutes -<br />

I was fighting six people."<br />

Another officer had a close call under a<br />

diferent circumstance: I stopped a motorcyclist<br />

one night - ran a records check.<br />

The subject fled. I was alone and this happened<br />

at night. I pursued on foot, calling<br />

for cover on my walkie-talkie. Communications<br />

did not receive my transmission. I<br />

caught the subject and we fought. The subject<br />

overpowered me and took my gun. I<br />

owe my life to the fact that the subject was<br />

in a 'fright' not 'fight' mood. the subject was<br />

63", 200 lbs. I am 58", 150lbs. Communications<br />

and other officers deduced<br />

that I had been calling for cover. The first<br />

cover officer showed up two minutes after<br />

the fight was over and the subject escaped.<br />

Two-man teams with shotguns searched<br />

the area and found the subject still with my<br />

gun."<br />

Close calls cited<br />

Other officers cited close calls where<br />

their partner made a big difference. There<br />

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were several respondents indicating that<br />

another person, non-officer, had come to<br />

their rescue at a critical time. Such an officer<br />

driving by a disturbance: "I noticed a<br />

group of people that appeared to be in a<br />

discussion with a male standing away from<br />

them holding a shovel in his hands. I stopped<br />

my car and observed from about 150<br />

yards. I asked for the ETA of my cover unit<br />

and was advised he was still 5 minutes<br />

away. The person with the shovel saw me<br />

(still sitting in my car) and ran at me throwing<br />

rocks and swinging the shovel as if it<br />

were a baseball bat. I put out a Code 3<br />

cover. I got out of my car in an attempt to<br />

try to calm this person down, but to no<br />

avail. I began to back up and was forced<br />

to draw my gun to defend myself. I told this<br />

person not to come any closer or I would<br />

shoot. At this time he was about 10 yards<br />

away, walking slowly towards me and still<br />

swinging the shovel. At that point a<br />

neighbor ran from the sidewalk tackling<br />

this person from behind, giving me time to<br />

reholster my gun and assist in subduing the<br />

suspect. My cover unit arrived and also had<br />

to assist the neighbor and myself in handcuffing<br />

the suspect. If not for the neighbor,<br />

I may have been forced to shoot a 16 year<br />

old juvenile 62", 175 lbs., not to mention<br />

right in the presence of his whole family."<br />

A patrol officer that has been on the<br />

police force for over five years encountered<br />

a situation which gives some contrast between<br />

a one and two-man unit: "Just recently<br />

I was covering an ambulance (2 officers)<br />

[ambulance manned by police officers] on<br />

a stop. They were issuing him a citation<br />

when they got a priority one call. I was left<br />

there to finish the cite. When other officers<br />

were there, the guy was cool and calm. As<br />

soon as the other officers left, he started<br />

getting mouthy. He finally said, 'Now that<br />

your friends are gone, what are you gonna<br />

do if I don't want to sign it?"<br />

A patrolman with over five years of service<br />

in the force wrote: "In a one-man unit,<br />

I stay away from suspicious groups, where<br />

I would contact them with a partner."<br />

Similar views expressed<br />

Another patrolman expressed hearing<br />

similar views expressed from other officers:<br />

"Talking to officers working one-man units,<br />

I have heard frequently, 'I am not going to<br />

get involved unless I have a cover unit with<br />

me."<br />

Detectives also indicate the need for a<br />

partner: "Most suspects we deal with have<br />

been in prison and the first thing on their<br />

mind is they are not going back. The presence<br />

of a second detective makes them<br />

think twice about becoming violent."<br />

A respondent expressed a view concerning<br />

situations when other officers are out<br />

of service: "When a few officers are out of<br />

service, I think the remaining few try to stay<br />

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clear to handle calls and cover each other."<br />

Various respondents expressed feelings<br />

of affirmation. Their feeling is that the administration<br />

cares more about police efficiency<br />

than policeman's safety. The openended<br />

questions provided an assortment<br />

of responses which included concern for officer<br />

safety, willingness to cooperate with<br />

information, willingness to improve efficiency,<br />

alienation from the administration,<br />

anger over recent fatalities of police officers.<br />

Finally, one officer who prefers to<br />

wait for a cover wrote: "The most important<br />

part of my job is to come home each<br />

night. My family needs me and depends on<br />

me."<br />

The last paragraph seems to echo the<br />

sentiment of police officers everywhere,<br />

from Cleveland to <strong>San</strong> Diego. But the administration<br />

of <strong>San</strong> Diego did not hear that<br />

echo. Not until eight years later. April 23,<br />

1985 to be exact. And, it took the news<br />

media, along with the <strong>San</strong> Diego <strong>Police</strong> <strong>Officers</strong>'<br />

<strong>Association</strong> to scream up to the<br />

ivory tower, "You have a major problem<br />

here."<br />

What took place then was the most intense<br />

indepth investigation any police<br />

department has ever conducted into it own<br />

operational procedure. This Officer Task<br />

Force Study is unique in law enforcement<br />

history. Not only for the number of people<br />

who participated in it and the number of<br />

recommendations which resulted from it,<br />

but also and more importantly, for the simple<br />

fact that the <strong>San</strong> Diego <strong>Police</strong> Department<br />

had the courage to say, "We were<br />

wrong in our earlier study."<br />

More than 80 officers required<br />

This Officer Task Force Study required<br />

more than 80 police officers, from patrol<br />

officers to the Chiefs office. It took 22<br />

weeks to complete. It included 102 recommendations<br />

which were developed that will<br />

result in sweeping changes in training, field<br />

and supervisor procedure, stricter security<br />

controls, and vast improvements in the<br />

equipment provided to officers.<br />

The cost associated with the Task Force<br />

Study are high and will go higher. The cost<br />

to the citizens of <strong>San</strong> Diego will reach over<br />

6 million dollars to implement all 102<br />

recommendations. But, most importantly,<br />

<strong>San</strong> Diego police vehicles will be operated<br />

by two officers.<br />

Getting back to the cost factor. That will<br />

be paid by the city of <strong>San</strong> Diego. What really<br />

disturbed me was the high cost factor<br />

to get this study done in the first place. Ten<br />

officers killed and 50 percent of their officers<br />

injured from 1977 to 1986. Enough<br />

said. Reprinted from PORAC, April 1988<br />

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Page 11<br />

Retirement Dinner<br />

Honoring<br />

Captain<br />

Kenneth Foss<br />

Friday, August 11, <strong>1989</strong><br />

Cathedral Hill Hotel<br />

Van Ness & Geary,<br />

<strong>San</strong> <strong>Francisco</strong><br />

Tickets $35.00 Per Person -<br />

Couples Welcome<br />

Includes - Dinner, Wine, Tax,<br />

Gratuity & Gift<br />

No Host Cocktails -<br />

6:00 P.M.17:30 P.M.<br />

Dinner 7:30 P.M.<br />

For Tickets Contact:<br />

Mike Yalon Co-I x-1612<br />

Linda Chen Co-B x-1372<br />

Ray Kilroy Co-B x-9593<br />

Ken Davis Vice x-1426<br />

Rich Weick Vice x-1426<br />

Mission High School<br />

50th Reunion<br />

The classes of June & December<br />

1939 of Mission High School, <strong>San</strong><br />

<strong>Francisco</strong> will hold their 50-year reunion<br />

on Saturday, October 21,<br />

<strong>1989</strong>, at the Grosvenor Airport Inn<br />

in South <strong>San</strong> <strong>Francisco</strong>. To help in<br />

the reunion effort, please contact Iris<br />

Conti Allegrini, 97 Lapham Way,<br />

<strong>San</strong> <strong>Francisco</strong>, 94124. Or phone Iris<br />

(415) 584-6314.<br />

By Appointment only<br />

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<strong>San</strong> <strong>Francisco</strong>, California 94110 626-3095

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