An MD-Database Mined MD-Sequences ID Dimensions Sequences Dimensions Sequences 1 true, novice *, novice, 2 true, expert *, * 3 false, novice � *, novice 4 false, interm. true, * 5 true, novice true, novice 6 true, expert
55 Sequential Pattern Mining/Partial Problem Spaces [3] Lynch, C., Ashley, K., Aleven, V. and Pinkwart, N. (2006). Defining <strong>Ill</strong>-<strong>Defined</strong> <strong>Domains</strong>; A literature survey. Proc. of the <strong>Intelligent</strong> <strong>Tutoring</strong> <strong>Systems</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>Ill</strong>-<strong>Defined</strong> <strong>Domains</strong> Workshop. pp.1-10. ITS’2006. [4] Kabanza, F., Nkambou, R. & Belghith, K. (2005), Path-planning <strong>for</strong> Autonomous Training on Robot Manipulators in Space, Proc. of IJCAI 2005. [5] Fournier-Viger, P., Nkambou, R. & Mayers., A. (2008). A Framework <strong>for</strong> Evaluating Semantic Knowledge in Problem-Solving-Based <strong>Intelligent</strong> <strong>Tutoring</strong> <strong>Systems</strong>. Proc. of FLAIRS 2008, AAAI press, pp. 409-414. [6] McLaren, B. & al. (2004). Bootstrapping Novice Data: Semi-Automated Tutor Authoring Using Student Log Files. Proc. of the Workshop on Analyzing Student-Tutor Logs. ITS’2004. [7] Jarivs, M., Nuzzo-Jones, G. & Heffernan, N.T. (2006) Applying Machine Learning Techniques to Rule Generation in <strong>Intelligent</strong> <strong>Tutoring</strong> <strong>Systems</strong>. Proc. of ITS’2006, pp. 541-553. [8] Agrawal, R. & Srikant, R.: (1995). Mining Sequential Patterns. Proc. Int. Conf. on Data Engineering, pp. 3-14. [9] Pei, J., Han, J. et al. (2004). Mining Sequential Patterns by Pattern-Growth: The PrefixSpan Approach. IEEE Trans. Knowledge and Data Engineering, 16(10), 1-17. [10] Hirate, Y., Yamana, H. (2006). Generalized Sequential Pattern Mining with Item Intervals, Journal of Computers, 1(3), pp. 51-60. [11] MacQueen, J.B. (1967). Some Methods <strong>for</strong> Classification and Analysis of Multivariate Observations, Proc. 5 th Berkeley Symposium on Mathematic Statistics and Probability, pp. 281-297. [12] Pinto, H et al. (2001), Multi-Dimensional Sequential Pattern Mining, Proc. Int. Conf. In<strong>for</strong>mation and Knowledge Management (CIKM2001), pp. 81-88. [13] Wang, J., Han, J & Li, C. (2007). Frequent Closed Sequence Mining without Candidate Maintenance, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 19(8), pp.1042-1056 Acknowledgment. Our thanks go to the FQRNT and the NSERC <strong>for</strong> their logistic and financial support. The authors also thank the current/past members of GDAC/PLANIART <strong>for</strong> their work in RomanTutor, and Severin Vigot <strong>for</strong> integrating the algorithm in RomanTutor.
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