DICTIONARY OF REVIVED PRUSSIAN:
DICTIONARY OF REVIVED PRUSSIAN: DICTIONARY OF REVIVED PRUSSIAN:
13.9. Loanwords Each language is not free from internationalisms. International loanwords are especially important for New Prussian because of the insufficiency of its lexicon. Nevertheless, the sphere of the internationalisms must be governed by restrictions defending the authenticity of Prussian as any other language. A loanword must be as authentic as possible. Having no evidence of the “missing period” of the language between the 16 th and the 21 st c., the revivers must fill the lacunas for the Ideal Prussians by means of international loanwords according to corresponding epoch and place from which words were borrowed. Prussian was actually still spoken when the German word dial. Spittel ‘hospital’ had to be introduced in the form NPr. neutr. ðpitlin (it seems to be safe, at least at the current stage of recovery, to “(re-)loan” words into Prussian in the same gender as in the source when the source is local German dialects, although deviations must have existed, of course). In the period of the Prussian enlightenment and spread of learning, when the source of knowledge was no more local but centered in Germany (the 18 th – 19 th c.), a lot of “intellectual” words had to penetrate into Prussian from literary German as e.g. NPr. firmamçntan ‘Firmament’. Finally, the 20 th c. arrived with its routine order in offices, factories and organizations. Then the loanword for ‘vacation / holiday’ had to come from German Urlaub in the form NPr. ûrlaups, just as it had entered even literary Polish in the form of urlop. 13.10. Creation of new cultural words Creation of new cultural words is a natural and desirable process. In this regard, Modern Prussians of the current epoch have the same rights as did the Old Prussians in their epoch. Nevertheless, the lacunas of the “missing period” must be also filled in for the Ideal Prussians of the relevant periods. In any case, area environment and epoch of creation (whether “today” or “yesterday”) must be taken into consideration. In time, when the railway appeared, the Prussians had either to create corresponding terms, or borrow them from the nearest culture, i.e. from German. As a cultural loanword, NPr. gelz`pints ‘railway’, a literal translation from German Eisenbahn, may serve. On the other hand, the word for ‘train’ could be created independently as NPr. tensîlis from the verb tensîtun ‘to haul, draw’ analogous to Germ. Zug, Lith. traukinys, Latv. vilciens, etc. 23
As urban culture spread, terms for appartment conveniences were introduced. How could the word for ‘sink’ be created? A sink is something for pouring out wash water into the water supply. The Germans have created Ausguss, the Latvians – izlietne, and the Poles – zlew. An independent Prussian analogue should be NPr. izlija. In the beginning of the aviation era, the Prussians had to create the word for ‘airplane’. One of the first words of their neighbors Lithuanians was “air-ship” (orlaivis). This model also suited for the Prussians: NPr. winalaîwan (the word NPr. neutr. laîwan ‘ship’ has been reconstructed first on the basis of East-Baltic neutr. *laivan, cf. Lith. masc. laivas, but Latv. fem. laiva, secondly, as a reminiscence of the same word in Gothic, neutr. hlaiw: Old Prussian demostrates traces of contacts between Common Prussian and Gothic). A New Prussian word for the post-envelope NPr. zûrbrukis is a combination of semantic loaning with own derivational model. The second component of this compound corresponds to the second component of the German compound Um-schlag. As for the first component zur-, it is taken from the word OPr. Surturs E 326 [zûrturs] ‘cover of the mill-wheel’. All these words are no less authentically Prussian, as those attested in old texts. 14. The main shortcoming The main shortcoming is that in many instances the accent is not clear and is defined by volition. Of course, main principles persist. The Prussian accent is mobile and melodic, i.e. it is a syllable accent: an acute or a circumflex one in long syllables (or on the second or on the first component of the diphthong respectively) but a simple dynamic one in short syllables. Accentuation of the 3 rd Catechism shows that the Prussian accent was of the Latvian (or Slavic, Greek, not Lithuanian) type. Whether an accent paradigm is mobile or not depends mostly on the root. In many instances, the same roots attest the same Indoeuropean accent in Baltic and in Slavic. A broken tone in Latvian points to acute in a corresponding Prussian word, of course. There are cases of the metatony in which the accent is not clear before the purpose of the metatony is defined. In long syllables, metatony usually converts the original acute tone into secondary circumflex tone in Lithuanian and in Latvian, although there are a number of exceptions. Verbs with the suffix -in- create a special problem. So far, there has been no specific investigation of the Prussian accent. In most cases, new Prussian words are provided with an accent mechanically taken from Latvian and 24
- Page 1 and 2: PRVSSOLOGIA KLOSSIANA: LINGVA BORVS
- Page 3 and 4: © Letas Palmaitis Institut Europƒ
- Page 5 and 6: PREFACE This work is only a little
- Page 7 and 8: have absorbed all influences during
- Page 9 and 10: The distinctive feature of the 1 st
- Page 11 and 12: Next, one must have in mind that th
- Page 13 and 14: common Baltic-Slavic level, but wit
- Page 15 and 16: III, fem. Antr` Maddla III, neutr.
- Page 17 and 18: occasionally appeared due to contam
- Page 19 and 20: ‘and what more he has done agains
- Page 21 and 22: are also indisputable Prussicisms t
- Page 23: 13.7. Use of German vernacularisms
- Page 27 and 28: In fact, the word grijkans is a dir
- Page 29 and 30: GRAMMATICAL ABBREVIATIONS ac active
- Page 31 and 32: 16 f : subba subses subsei subban s
- Page 33 and 34: 27 f : weselîngi weselîngis wesel
- Page 35 and 36: 40 m : kûgis kûges kûìu kûgin
- Page 37 and 38: 69 n : îmtan îmtas imtasmu îmtan
- Page 39 and 40: 106: smeîtwei ps smejja pt smîja/
- Page 41 and 42: 139: krikstîtun/îtwei ps krikstij
- Page 43 and 44: vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft de
- Page 45 and 46: 44 Prûsiskan alfabçtan A a ~ ` B
- Page 47 and 48: AFRIKÎNINI [Afrikîns drv] Africa
- Page 49 and 50: ALGENÎKS [Dein`algenikamans 95 dr
- Page 51 and 52: APST~KTAN n [Abstotten E 395] lid
- Page 53 and 54: ASTÔNDESIMTS [Astônei MK] eighty
- Page 55 and 56: AÛKTAN [Aucktimmien 91 VM] height
- Page 57 and 58: AUSTEBTWEI [Stebtwei drv] to be am
- Page 59 and 60: AZZARAN n [Assaran E 60] lake AZZE
- Page 61 and 62: BETIKSLIS aj [Tikslin drv] groundl
- Page 63 and 64: BL~NDEWINGI av [Bl`nda MK] erroneou
- Page 65 and 66: BUMBI [bomb MK] bomb BUMBÔNS [Bo
- Page 67 and 68: DAG~UGIS [Dagoaugis E 638] summer
- Page 69 and 70: DEÎKTAN n [deicktan 125] place, [
- Page 71 and 72: DÇNGTUN [dangus E 3 VM] to bend o
- Page 73 and 74: DÎRAN [Dirîtwei drv MK] look DIR
13.9. Loanwords<br />
Each language is not free from internationalisms. International loanwords are<br />
especially important for New Prussian because of the insufficiency of its lexicon.<br />
Nevertheless, the sphere of the internationalisms must be governed by restrictions<br />
defending the authenticity of Prussian as any other language. A loanword must be as<br />
authentic as possible.<br />
Having no evidence of the “missing period” of the language between the 16 th<br />
and the 21 st c., the revivers must fill the lacunas for the Ideal Prussians by means of<br />
international loanwords according to corresponding epoch and place from which<br />
words were borrowed.<br />
Prussian was actually still spoken when the German word dial. Spittel ‘hospital’<br />
had to be introduced in the form NPr. neutr. ðpitlin (it seems to be safe, at least at the<br />
current stage of recovery, to “(re-)loan” words into Prussian in the same gender as in<br />
the source when the source is local German dialects, although deviations must have<br />
existed, of course).<br />
In the period of the Prussian enlightenment and spread of learning, when the<br />
source of knowledge was no more local but centered in Germany (the 18 th – 19 th c.),<br />
a lot of “intellectual” words had to penetrate into Prussian from literary German as<br />
e.g. NPr. firmamçntan ‘Firmament’.<br />
Finally, the 20 th c. arrived with its routine order in offices, factories and<br />
organizations. Then the loanword for ‘vacation / holiday’ had to come from German<br />
Urlaub in the form NPr. ûrlaups, just as it had entered even literary Polish in the<br />
form of urlop.<br />
13.10. Creation of new cultural words<br />
Creation of new cultural words is a natural and desirable process. In this regard,<br />
Modern Prussians of the current epoch have the same rights as did the Old Prussians<br />
in their epoch.<br />
Nevertheless, the lacunas of the “missing period” must be also filled in for the<br />
Ideal Prussians of the relevant periods. In any case, area environment and epoch of<br />
creation (whether “today” or “yesterday”) must be taken into consideration.<br />
In time, when the railway appeared, the Prussians had either to create<br />
corresponding terms, or borrow them from the nearest culture, i.e. from German. As<br />
a cultural loanword, NPr. gelz`pints ‘railway’, a literal translation from German<br />
Eisenbahn, may serve. On the other hand, the word for ‘train’ could be created<br />
independently as NPr. tensîlis from the verb tensîtun ‘to haul, draw’ analogous to<br />
Germ. Zug, Lith. traukinys, Latv. vilciens, etc.<br />
23
Change language