Avenches – Roman Museum – Permanent Exhibition
Avenches – Roman Museum – Permanent Exhibition Avenches – Roman Museum – Permanent Exhibition
Ground Floor – Introduction the so-called Alpine Provinces, and Geneva was part of Gallia Narbonensis. The midlands between the Jura Mountains and the Alps (the territory of the Helvetii) as well as the region around Basle (the territory of the Rauraci) were initially attached to Belgica and then to Germania Superior. An important network of roads criss-crossed what is now Switzerland: a major route led from south to north via the St. Bernard pass and the passes in the Grisons while another arterial road connected western and eastern parts. In addition, there were navigable waterways from the Lakes of Neuchâtel and Morat via the Rhine towards the North Sea and from the Lake of Geneva via the Rhone to the Mediterranean. These different transport axes were used for moving troops, transporting civilians as well as for short and long distance trade exchanges. During the 1st century AD, a legion, i.e. 6’000 soldiers and auxiliary troops, was stationed at Vindonissa (Windisch, Canton Argovia). Urban settlements were a new development. Examples of such urban settlements were Nyon (Colonia Iulia Equestris), Augst (Augusta Raurica) (1), Martigny (Octodurus / Forum Claudii Vallensium) and Avenches (Aventicum). Smaller towns were dependent on these cities and a variety of farms and rural settlements, in turn, depended on these smaller towns. Masonry was another innovation introduced by the Romans. While initially, this technique was reserved for public buildings, it gradually became more popular for private buildings both in urban and rural settings. The regional economy was mainly based on agriculture, but various specialised skills and crafts developed simultaneously, sometimes even reaching an industrial scale. The incorporation into a vast trading network resulted in many products that had been unknown until then being imported such as foodstuffs like olive oil, fish sauces, dates and oysters. Chronology of Events 753 BC Founding of the City of Rome (2) 509 BC Founding of the Roman Republic 3 rd – 1 st centuries BC Expansion of the Roman Empire (Italian Peninsula, Iberian Peninsula, Greece, parts of Asia Minor and North Africa). 58 BC Unsuccessful exodus of the Helvetii and battle against Julius Caesar at Bibracte 58 – 51 BC Roman conquest of Gaul 27 BC Beginning of the Imperial period 27 BC – AD 14 Reign of Augustus (3) 25 BC Opening of the Great St. Bernard route 16 / 15 BC Subjugation of the Alpine regions 1 Augusta Raurica (Augst) M. Schaub, Römermuseum Augst 2 3 Chronology of Events 5 Ground Floor Introduction
Ground Floor – Introduction Chronology of Events AD 5 / 6 Oldest constructions found to date at Aventicum AD 14 – 101 Legionary camp at Vindonissa (Windisch, Canton Argovia) AD 43 Conquest of Britannia (Great Britain) under the reign of emperor Claudius AD 71 / 72 Aventicum obtains the status of a colony under the reign of emperor Vespasian and is called Colonia Pia Flavia Constans Emerita Helvetiorum Foederata AD 117 Largest expansion of the Empire under the reign of emperor Trajan 2 nd century AD Height of power of Rome and its provinces AD 275 Incursions by the Alamanni into Helvetian territory; major destructions 4 th century AD Earliest Christian evidence at Aventicum (1) AD 395 Split of the Roman Empire into western and eastern sections AD 476 Fall of the Western Roman Empire 6 th century AD Aventicum becomes an Episcopal see AD 592 Marius (Saint-Maire), the last bishop of Aventicum, moves to Lausanne 7 th century AD Avenches is also called Wibili, later becoming germanised into Wiflisburg 11 th century AD onwards Development of the medieval town still visible today (2) 2 1 6 Ground Floor Introduction
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Ground Floor <strong>–</strong> Introduction Chronology of Events<br />
AD 5 / 6 Oldest constructions found to date at Aventicum<br />
AD 14 <strong>–</strong> 101 Legionary camp at Vindonissa (Windisch, Canton<br />
Argovia)<br />
AD 43 Conquest of Britannia (Great Britain) under the reign of<br />
emperor Claudius<br />
AD 71 / 72 Aventicum obtains the status of a colony under the reign<br />
of emperor Vespasian and is called Colonia Pia Flavia<br />
Constans Emerita Helvetiorum Foederata<br />
AD 117 Largest expansion of the Empire under the reign of<br />
emperor Trajan<br />
2 nd century AD Height of power of Rome and its provinces<br />
AD 275 Incursions by the Alamanni into Helvetian territory;<br />
major destructions<br />
4 th century AD Earliest Christian evidence at Aventicum (1)<br />
AD 395 Split of the <strong>Roman</strong> Empire into western and eastern<br />
sections<br />
AD 476 Fall of the Western <strong>Roman</strong> Empire<br />
6 th century AD Aventicum becomes an Episcopal see<br />
AD 592 Marius (Saint-Maire), the last bishop of Aventicum, moves<br />
to Lausanne<br />
7 th century AD <strong>Avenches</strong> is also called Wibili, later becoming<br />
germanised into Wiflisburg<br />
11 th century AD onwards Development of the medieval town still visible today (2)<br />
2<br />
1<br />
6<br />
Ground Floor<br />
Introduction
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