Fighter Combat - Tactics and Maneuvering

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TACTICAL INTERCEPTS 355 the interceptors have forward-hemisphere weapons capability. Attacking the lead bogey element first, with a FQ intercept or head-on, may allow sequential attacks on trailing elements. Especially if the bogeys are bombers, it may not be wise to allow the lead element through unscathed. When the interceptors are equipped only with rear-hemisphere weapons against trailing fighters and the trail element can be identified with some certainty, a stern conversion might be employed against this element. One situation which may develop, particularly against radarequipped bogeys or those under close GCI control, is illustrated by Figure 10-5. At time "1" in this example the fighter pilots have their desired offset from the bogeys' flight path and plan a stern conversion on the trail bogey. At time "2" the fighters have reached conversion range against the trailer, and the pilots are beginning their turns. Unfortunately, contact with the lead bogey has been lost because of the fighters' radar antenna gimbal limitations. Being closer, this lead bogey has already begun its own stern conversion against the fighters. At time "3," just when the fighter pilots are feeling confident of a kill, the lead bogey is slipping into firing position and the fighters are sandwiched. This situation can be particularly dangerous against a more maneuverable bogey, which can profit more from the available displacement than can the fighters. Because of this danger, a single-side offset to a stern conversion is not recommended against fighters in trail. The alternatives are sequential FQ attacks with all-aspect missiles, guns, or rockets on each bogey in turn, or use of a more suitable intercept tactic (one of the tactics that follow). Even with these limitations the single-side offset offers some advantages. Positively placing the bogeys on one side of the formation isolates the threat sector and reduces the chances of being bracketed by the enemy, as well as allowing the fighter pilots to choose the direction of their approach for environmental reasons. This tactic also provides reasonably good mutual support, since the fighters can remain fairly close together and are not required to venture far from a good defensive-spread formation. In general, however, the single-side offset is a rather defensive tactic, since it offers the fighters few significant advantages that are not also given to the enemy. Trail Description A trail intercept is any intercept in which the fighters are arranged in a trail formation at the merge. Figure 10-6 depicts an example in which the two sections are approaching with some offset at time "1." The fighter leader turns immediately to collision heading for a FQ intercept. Meanwhile, the wingman repositions behind the leader in trail. The trailing distance is normally as great as visual conditions allow; the wingman must keep sight of his lead, and he cannot be so far behind that he cannot offer some support to the leader in case a bogey attacks the lead fighter from behind (i.e., trailer nose-tail distance should not greatly exceed weapons max-
356 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS range). If the trailer intends to fire a head-on missile on the leader's VID, separation between leader and trailer should exceed missile min-range parameters. In this case the leader's intent is to make a VID on the bogey aircraft before firing. Sometimes target aspect, bogey size, and visibility do not allow a positive VID to be made within the firing envelope of a fighter's all-aspect weapons. The trail formation is useful in this situation, since the leader can make and relay the VID to the trailing wingman, who then can Figure 10-5. Stern-Conversion Hazard against Trail Fighters
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Fighter Combat TACTICS AND MANEUVER
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Preface ix Acknowledgments xv Abbre
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CONTENTS Vll Single-Side Offset 353
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X PREFACE tactics varied greatly, a
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Xll PREFACE current void of informa
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Acknowledgments Much of the credit
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Abbreviations AAA anti-aircraft art
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Fighter Combat TACTICS AND MANEUVER
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2 FIGHTER WEAPONS although fixed to
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4 FIGHTER WEAPONS some firing range
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Table 1-1. American Aircraft Guns T
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8 FIGHTER WEAPONS angle is also dep
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10 FIGHTER WEAPONS the ballistics o
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12 HGHTER WEAPONS often bars of lig
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14 FIGHTER WEAPONS This system has
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16 FIGHTER WEAPONS required firing
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18 FIGHTER WEAPONS With a disturbed
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20 FIGHTER WEAPONS We were both fly
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22 FIGHTER WEAPONS The predictor LC
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24 FIGHTER WEAPONS The next best th
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26 FIGHTER WEAPONS tracking G, shor
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28 FIGHTER WEAPONS defender's inten
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30 FIGHTER WEAPONS and acrobatic ma
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32 FIGHTER WEAPONS Missile Propulsi
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34 FIGHTER WEAPONS Missile Guidance
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36 FIGHTER WEAPONS straight path. T
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38 FIGHTER WEAPONS target to correc
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40 FIGHTER WEAPONS sensor systems,
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42 FIGHTER WEAPONS Since CW radars
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44 FIGHTER WEAPONS Missile Fuzes Th
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46 FIGHTER WEAPONS prised of many i
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48 FIGHTER WEAPONS The maneuvering
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50 FIGHTER WEAPONS racy being about
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52 FIGHTER WEAPONS then slowing the
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54 FIGHTER WEAPONS Shooter and targ
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56 FIGHTER WEAPONS will exhibit lar
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58 FIGHTER WEAPONS (RWR), that an e
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60 FIGHTER WEAPONS barrel-rolling a
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2 Basic Fighter Maneuvers I fly clo
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64 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS the comb
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66 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS himself
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68 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS speed ad
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70 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS pursuit
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72 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS Figure 2
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74 Figure 2-7. Low Yo-Yo BASIC FIGH
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76 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS The pote
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80 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS In case
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82 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS capitali
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84 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS one (the
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86 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS his exte
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90 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS the boge
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92 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS subseque
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94 Figure 2-22. Defensive Spiral BA
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96 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS usually
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3 One-versus-One Maneuvering, Simil
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100 ONE-VERSUS-ONE MANEUVERING, SIM
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140 ONE-VERSUS-ONE MANEUVERING, DIS
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1 70 ONE-VERSUS-ONE MANEUVERING, DI
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196 SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE
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206 SECTION TACTICS. TWOVERSUS-ONE
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210 SECTION TACTICS, TWO-VERSUS-ONE
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226 SECTION TACTICS/ TWOVERSUS-ONE
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Section Tactics, Two-versus-Two The
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238 SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-TWO
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256 SECTION TACTICS, TWC-VERSUS-TWO
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7 Division Tactics The essence of l
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268 DIVISION TACTICS design began t
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270 DIVISION TACTICS so called beca
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272 DIVISION TACTICS "4." At time "
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274 DIVISION TACTICS Figure 7-8. Se
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276 DIVISION TACTICS Lieutenant Eug
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278 DIVISION TACTICS away, the free
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280 DIVISION TACTICS cloud) is now
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282 DIVISION TACTICS Figure 7-13. G
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284 DIVISION TACTICS defensive look
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286 DIVISION TACTICS In a dog-fight
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288 DIVISION TACTICS Americans empl
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8 Unlimited-Aircraft Tactics Of cou
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292 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS seve
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294 UN LIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS the
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296 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS beca
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298 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS I de
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300 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS post
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302 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS many
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Page 335 and 336: Fighter Missions To use a fighter a
Page 337 and 338: 318 FIGHTER MISSIONS Scenarios Sinc
Page 339 and 340: 320 FIGHTER MISSIONS altitude, deta
Page 341 and 342: 322 FIGHTER MISSIONS agency and the
Page 343 and 344: 324 FIGHTER MISSIONS As previously
Page 345 and 346: 326 FIGHTER MISSIONS cruise missile
Page 347 and 348: 328 FIGHTER MISSIONS pattern gives
Page 349 and 350: 330 FIGHTER MISSIONS have to coordi
Page 351 and 352: 332 FIGHTER MISSIONS can be turned
Page 353 and 354: 334 FIGHTER MISSIONS the enemy. Suc
Page 355 and 356: 336 FIGHTER MISSIONS aircraft, and
Page 357 and 358: 338 FIGHTER MISSIONS point for a di
Page 359 and 360: 340 FIGHTER MISSIONS become major t
Page 361 and 362: 342 Figure 9-3. Fighter-Escort Miss
Page 363 and 364: 344 FIGHTER MISSIONS Figure 9-6. Fi
Page 365 and 366: 10 Tactical Intercepts Confront the
Page 367 and 368: 348 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Figure 10-1
Page 369 and 370: 350 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS desired alt
Page 371 and 372: 352 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS If the turn
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Page 377 and 378: 358 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS ment, and t
Page 379 and 380: 360 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Advantages
Page 383 and 384: 364 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS leader thro
Page 385 and 386: 366 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS immediate l
Page 387 and 388: 368 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS awareness),
Page 389 and 390: 370 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS and positio
Page 391 and 392: 372 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS low, traili
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Page 397 and 398: 378 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Visual Scan
Page 399 and 400: 380 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Likely thre
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Page 403 and 404: 384 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS target on t
Page 406 and 407: Appendix Fighter Performance Perfor
Page 408 and 409: APPENDIX Figure A-l. V-n Diagram di
Page 410 and 411: APPENDIX 391 Figure A-2. Aircraft T
Page 412 and 413: APPENDIX 393 Figure A-4. Instantane
Page 414 and 415: APPENDIX 395 neuverability may be d
Page 416 and 417: APPENDIX 397 Figure A-7. Engine Thr
Page 418 and 419: APPENDIX 399 tends to reduce pressu
Page 420 and 421: APPENDIX 401 Figure A-11. Typical H
Page 422 and 423: APPENDIX 403 cause the Ps = 0 line
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APPENDIX 405 In theory the energy t
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APPENDIX 407 aircraft surfaces. In
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APPENDIX 409 Outside the zero-Ps li
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APPENDIX 411 factor," which is the
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APPENDIX 413 this condition occurs,
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APPENDIX 415 speed control. Many of
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APPENDIX 417 short or swept wings a
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420 BIBLIOGRAPHY Johnson, Robert S.
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422 INDEX Canard controls, 32, 398
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424 High yo-yo. See Yo-yo, high H-M
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426 INDEX Pursuit: curves and traje
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428 INDEX Turns (continued] 191, 20
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Fighter Combat - Tactics and Maneuvering

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