Fighter Combat - Tactics and Maneuvering

More documents

Recommendations

Info

FIGHTER MISSIONS 339 between the two forward escorts should be on the order of two to four fighter turn radii, but this distance may need to be modified for visibility considerations. They should be positioned ahead of the lead bomber at least as far as the enemy's short-range weapons-firing distance. This distance may have to be increased to provide coverage of threat FQ long-range missiles, as shown. Obviously the strike force will be extremely vulnerable to FQ missile attack if the escort is not similarly equipped. Denying such a threat would probably be the responsibility of remote escorts. Altitude for the forward escort is typically close to that of the strike force, maybe a little higher to give quicker response to short-range gun or rocket attacks, or possibly a little lower to provide look-up for better radar detection and FQ weapons guidance. A compromise between [free chase and close escort] was the "extended protection," in which fighters still flew in visible contact with the bomber force but were allowed to attack any enemy fighter which drew near to the main force. Lt. General Adolph Galland, Luftwaffe Similarly, rear escorts are positioned behind the strike force to guard against RQ attacks. These elements are generally stationed near the enemy's maximum RQ weapons range relative to the trailing bombers of the strike force. When each side is equipped with similar weapons, this should allow detection and engagement of RQ attacks before they can Figure 9-2. Detached-Escort Positioning
340 FIGHTER MISSIONS become major threats to the strike group. If this maximum weapons range is considerable, however, or if the enemy's weapons have greater range than those of the escort, rear protection may require additional rear-escort elements positioned closer to the strike force. Otherwise the enemy may be able to slip in from the side of the strike group for a close-range attack while remaining out of the rear escort's effective firing range. Whenever it is engaging hostile fighters, the rear escort especially must be certain that a guided weapon is not locked onto a friendly aircraft. Lateral separation for the rear escorts can generally be somewhat less than that for the forward elements, since the rear escort is not likely to be required to turn more than about 90° to engage a threat to the strike group. Separation of one to two fighter turn radii should be adequate between the rear elements. Rear-element altitude is typically somewhat higher than that of the strike group to provide greater potential energy for quick reaction. Since this scenario assumes fighter opposition, and the trailing aircraft in any formation are most vulnerable to attack, additional trailing elements are often added to the escort for rear-hemisphere protection of the fighters themselves. Such additional elements, sometimes called "rear guard" or "top cover," generally trail the rear element depicted in Figure 9-2 at a comfortable visual range and stepped-up higher. If more rear-guard elements are available they may be added in trail of the last, each stacked higher or lower than the preceding element, ad infinitum. The rear guard can also act as a reserve, moving up to fill holes in the defense created by escort engagement of hostile attacks. The other escort elements depicted in Figure 9-2 are the flankers to either side of the strike group. These are essentially gap-fillers between the forward- and rear-escort elements, and their mission is to guard against attacks that attempt to split the defenses. Depending on the size of the overall formation and the weapons involved, several flanking elements could be required, or none at all. These elements are sometimes stepped-up considerably higher than the strike group and moved in laterally to guard against near-vertical diving attacks from above. Whenever the assets are available, each of the detached-escort elements described should be composed of at least two fighters for mutual protection. The detached escort serves as the first line of defense against a fighter attack, and it is most likely to be engaged by the enemy. The speed of the escorting fighters is also important, both for offensive and defensive maneuvering potential. Since the speed of a strike group, particularly when it is heavily loaded inbound to a target, can be considerably slower than the escorts' desired maneuvering speed, weaving is often employed. The escort fighters can weave back and forth to retard their forward progress while they maintain a high airspeed. Care should be taken that the weaving does not degrade visual lookout within an element or take the element far out of position. Discipline is a key factor in success of the detached escort. Unlike a fighter sweep or a remote escort, the detached escort is tied to the strike group and must avoid engagement with any enemy fighters that are not directly threatening the strike force. The enemy can be expected to use
Page 2 and 3:
Fighter Combat TACTICS AND MANEUVER
Page 4 and 5:
Preface ix Acknowledgments xv Abbre
Page 6:
CONTENTS Vll Single-Side Offset 353
Page 9 and 10:
X PREFACE tactics varied greatly, a
Page 11 and 12:
Xll PREFACE current void of informa
Page 14 and 15:
Acknowledgments Much of the credit
Page 16 and 17:
Abbreviations AAA anti-aircraft art
Page 18:
Fighter Combat TACTICS AND MANEUVER
Page 21 and 22:
2 FIGHTER WEAPONS although fixed to
Page 23 and 24:
4 FIGHTER WEAPONS some firing range
Page 25 and 26:
Table 1-1. American Aircraft Guns T
Page 27 and 28:
8 FIGHTER WEAPONS angle is also dep
Page 29 and 30:
10 FIGHTER WEAPONS the ballistics o
Page 31 and 32:
12 HGHTER WEAPONS often bars of lig
Page 33 and 34:
14 FIGHTER WEAPONS This system has
Page 35 and 36:
16 FIGHTER WEAPONS required firing
Page 37 and 38:
18 FIGHTER WEAPONS With a disturbed
Page 39 and 40:
20 FIGHTER WEAPONS We were both fly
Page 41 and 42:
22 FIGHTER WEAPONS The predictor LC
Page 43 and 44:
24 FIGHTER WEAPONS The next best th
Page 45 and 46:
26 FIGHTER WEAPONS tracking G, shor
Page 47 and 48:
28 FIGHTER WEAPONS defender's inten
Page 49 and 50:
30 FIGHTER WEAPONS and acrobatic ma
Page 51 and 52:
32 FIGHTER WEAPONS Missile Propulsi
Page 53 and 54:
34 FIGHTER WEAPONS Missile Guidance
Page 55 and 56:
36 FIGHTER WEAPONS straight path. T
Page 57 and 58:
38 FIGHTER WEAPONS target to correc
Page 59 and 60:
40 FIGHTER WEAPONS sensor systems,
Page 61 and 62:
42 FIGHTER WEAPONS Since CW radars
Page 63 and 64:
44 FIGHTER WEAPONS Missile Fuzes Th
Page 65 and 66:
46 FIGHTER WEAPONS prised of many i
Page 67 and 68:
48 FIGHTER WEAPONS The maneuvering
Page 69 and 70:
50 FIGHTER WEAPONS racy being about
Page 71 and 72:
52 FIGHTER WEAPONS then slowing the
Page 73 and 74:
54 FIGHTER WEAPONS Shooter and targ
Page 75 and 76:
56 FIGHTER WEAPONS will exhibit lar
Page 77 and 78:
58 FIGHTER WEAPONS (RWR), that an e
Page 79 and 80:
60 FIGHTER WEAPONS barrel-rolling a
Page 81 and 82:
2 Basic Fighter Maneuvers I fly clo
Page 83 and 84:
64 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS the comb
Page 85 and 86:
66 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS himself
Page 87 and 88:
68 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS speed ad
Page 89 and 90:
70 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS pursuit
Page 91 and 92:
72 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS Figure 2
Page 93 and 94:
74 Figure 2-7. Low Yo-Yo BASIC FIGH
Page 95 and 96:
76 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS The pote
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
80 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS In case
Page 101 and 102:
82 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS capitali
Page 103 and 104:
84 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS one (the
Page 105 and 106:
86 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS his exte
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
90 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS the boge
Page 111 and 112:
92 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS subseque
Page 113 and 114:
94 Figure 2-22. Defensive Spiral BA
Page 115 and 116:
96 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS usually
Page 117 and 118:
3 One-versus-One Maneuvering, Simil
Page 119 and 120:
100 ONE-VERSUS-ONE MANEUVERING, SIM
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
140 ONE-VERSUS-ONE MANEUVERING, DIS
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
1 70 ONE-VERSUS-ONE MANEUVERING, DI
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
196 SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
206 SECTION TACTICS. TWOVERSUS-ONE
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
210 SECTION TACTICS, TWO-VERSUS-ONE
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
226 SECTION TACTICS/ TWOVERSUS-ONE
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Section Tactics, Two-versus-Two The
Page 257 and 258:
238 SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-TWO
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
256 SECTION TACTICS, TWC-VERSUS-TWO
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
7 Division Tactics The essence of l
Page 287 and 288:
268 DIVISION TACTICS design began t
Page 289 and 290:
270 DIVISION TACTICS so called beca
Page 291 and 292:
272 DIVISION TACTICS "4." At time "
Page 293 and 294:
274 DIVISION TACTICS Figure 7-8. Se
Page 295 and 296:
276 DIVISION TACTICS Lieutenant Eug
Page 297 and 298:
278 DIVISION TACTICS away, the free
Page 299 and 300:
280 DIVISION TACTICS cloud) is now
Page 301 and 302:
282 DIVISION TACTICS Figure 7-13. G
Page 303 and 304:
284 DIVISION TACTICS defensive look
Page 305 and 306:
286 DIVISION TACTICS In a dog-fight
Page 307 and 308: 288 DIVISION TACTICS Americans empl
Page 309 and 310: 8 Unlimited-Aircraft Tactics Of cou
Page 311 and 312: 292 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS seve
Page 313 and 314: 294 UN LIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS the
Page 315 and 316: 296 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS beca
Page 317 and 318: 298 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS I de
Page 319 and 320: 300 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS post
Page 321 and 322: 302 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS many
Page 323 and 324: 304 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS poss
Page 325 and 326: 306 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS posi
Page 327 and 328: 308 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS may
Page 329 and 330: 310 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS inte
Page 331 and 332: 312 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS A go
Page 333 and 334: 314 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS doct
Page 335 and 336: Fighter Missions To use a fighter a
Page 337 and 338: 318 FIGHTER MISSIONS Scenarios Sinc
Page 339 and 340: 320 FIGHTER MISSIONS altitude, deta
Page 341 and 342: 322 FIGHTER MISSIONS agency and the
Page 343 and 344: 324 FIGHTER MISSIONS As previously
Page 345 and 346: 326 FIGHTER MISSIONS cruise missile
Page 347 and 348: 328 FIGHTER MISSIONS pattern gives
Page 349 and 350: 330 FIGHTER MISSIONS have to coordi
Page 351 and 352: 332 FIGHTER MISSIONS can be turned
Page 353 and 354: 334 FIGHTER MISSIONS the enemy. Suc
Page 355 and 356: 336 FIGHTER MISSIONS aircraft, and
Page 357: 338 FIGHTER MISSIONS point for a di
Page 361 and 362: 342 Figure 9-3. Fighter-Escort Miss
Page 363 and 364: 344 FIGHTER MISSIONS Figure 9-6. Fi
Page 365 and 366: 10 Tactical Intercepts Confront the
Page 367 and 368: 348 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Figure 10-1
Page 369 and 370: 350 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS desired alt
Page 371 and 372: 352 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS If the turn
Page 375 and 376: 356 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS range). If
Page 377 and 378: 358 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS ment, and t
Page 379 and 380: 360 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Advantages
Page 383 and 384: 364 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS leader thro
Page 385 and 386: 366 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS immediate l
Page 387 and 388: 368 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS awareness),
Page 389 and 390: 370 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS and positio
Page 391 and 392: 372 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS low, traili
Page 395 and 396: 376 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS also have t
Page 397 and 398: 378 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Visual Scan
Page 399 and 400: 380 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Likely thre
Page 401 and 402: 382 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS be best for
Page 403 and 404: 384 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS target on t
Page 406 and 407: Appendix Fighter Performance Perfor
Page 408 and 409:
APPENDIX Figure A-l. V-n Diagram di
Page 410 and 411:
APPENDIX 391 Figure A-2. Aircraft T
Page 412 and 413:
APPENDIX 393 Figure A-4. Instantane
Page 414 and 415:
APPENDIX 395 neuverability may be d
Page 416 and 417:
APPENDIX 397 Figure A-7. Engine Thr
Page 418 and 419:
APPENDIX 399 tends to reduce pressu
Page 420 and 421:
APPENDIX 401 Figure A-11. Typical H
Page 422 and 423:
APPENDIX 403 cause the Ps = 0 line
Page 424 and 425:
APPENDIX 405 In theory the energy t
Page 426 and 427:
APPENDIX 407 aircraft surfaces. In
Page 428 and 429:
APPENDIX 409 Outside the zero-Ps li
Page 430 and 431:
APPENDIX 411 factor," which is the
Page 432 and 433:
APPENDIX 413 this condition occurs,
Page 434 and 435:
APPENDIX 415 speed control. Many of
Page 436:
APPENDIX 417 short or swept wings a
Page 439 and 440:
420 BIBLIOGRAPHY Johnson, Robert S.
Page 441 and 442:
422 INDEX Canard controls, 32, 398
Page 443 and 444:
424 High yo-yo. See Yo-yo, high H-M
Page 445 and 446:
426 INDEX Pursuit: curves and traje
Page 447:
428 INDEX Turns (continued] 191, 20
show all

Fighter Combat - Tactics and Maneuvering

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?