Fighter Combat - Tactics and Maneuvering

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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-TWO 251 gage from slower bogeys in the rear hemisphere but must go either around or through the bogeys to get home. This situation is illustrated in Figure 6-4. In this scenario the section is line abreast and headed away from home, and it suspects a slower bogey is somewhere behind it out of range. Perhaps the bogey has all-aspect weapons and superior maneuverability, and the section would like to avoid tangling with it on the way back to the barn. One possibility is a 90° tac turn right or left, followed by a long extension. The bogey is likely to counter by trying to cut the section off using lead pursuit (time "2"). Eventually, however, the slower bogey must drift back into a long trail once more (time "3"). At some point the section then performs a second tac ninety in the same direction and streaks for home (time "4"). The bogey attempts to close by again using lead pursuit, but it still can't get close enough for a shot. Although it is effective, this technique may not be practical in all cases. The straight-line extension between turns must be lengthy or the bogey may still manage an intercept. Constraints on the section's combat fuel endurance or area restrictions (e.g., there may be hostile SAM sites on either side of the engagement area) may force the section into a tighter reversal, requiring it to fight its way back to the bar. One further reversal method is worth mentioning for its usefulness in select situations. This is the section vertical pitch-back, where both fighters perform simultaneous half Cuban-Ss (i.e., a vertical pull-up to the top of a loop, then a roll to an upright attitude and a dive back down to near the original altitude). When a lower-energy bogey that is not equipped with all-aspect missiles is behind the section, this method allows the section to remain line abreast throughout the reversal and either meet the bogey head-on with minimum flight-path separation or pass overhead at an unreachable altitude. Against a guns-only bogey a section Immelmann might be better. The Immelmann (described in Chapter 4) is a vertical pull-up to the top of a loop, followed by a roll to the upright attitude and acceleration while remaining roughly level. This method keeps the sec- Figure 6-4. Tac-Turn Disengagement
252 SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-TWO tion high above the low-energy bogey, out of guns range. Another possibility is the section vertical reversal, where both fighters pull up into a near-vertical zoom, perform a rudder reversal or some other end-swapping stunt at very slow speed at the peak of the zoom, and accelerate steeply back downhill for a simultaneous pull-out. While these maneuvers can be very valuable in certain situations, they do have severe limitations. High-energy bogeys may catch the fighters at slow speed near the top of their pitch-backs, with disastrous results, and all-aspect missiles just love those high, slow targets. These techniques can also be dangerous in high-threat environments, where the section may be jumped by wild-card bogeys or fired at by SAMs while the aircraft are at slow speed. Strike-Rejoin-Strike. The best approach to a battle ... is surprise, make your attack and disappear and start a new attack. Don't get engaged and make it a dogfight. Lt. General Adolph Galland, Luftwaffe The study of one hypothetical engagement using the "strike-rejoinstrike" technique may best serve to illustrate most of the key elements involved in the employment of a section in the two-versus-two environment. In Figure 6-5 the fighters are in combat spread on patrol headed north when the pilots spot a hostile section approaching head-on. A split is called at time "I" to bracket the bogeys, but shortly after the split is commenced, Figure 6-5. Two-versus-Two Engagement
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Fighter Combat TACTICS AND MANEUVER
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Preface ix Acknowledgments xv Abbre
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CONTENTS Vll Single-Side Offset 353
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X PREFACE tactics varied greatly, a
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Xll PREFACE current void of informa
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Acknowledgments Much of the credit
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Abbreviations AAA anti-aircraft art
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Fighter Combat TACTICS AND MANEUVER
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2 FIGHTER WEAPONS although fixed to
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4 FIGHTER WEAPONS some firing range
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Table 1-1. American Aircraft Guns T
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8 FIGHTER WEAPONS angle is also dep
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10 FIGHTER WEAPONS the ballistics o
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12 HGHTER WEAPONS often bars of lig
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14 FIGHTER WEAPONS This system has
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16 FIGHTER WEAPONS required firing
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18 FIGHTER WEAPONS With a disturbed
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20 FIGHTER WEAPONS We were both fly
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22 FIGHTER WEAPONS The predictor LC
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24 FIGHTER WEAPONS The next best th
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26 FIGHTER WEAPONS tracking G, shor
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28 FIGHTER WEAPONS defender's inten
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30 FIGHTER WEAPONS and acrobatic ma
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32 FIGHTER WEAPONS Missile Propulsi
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34 FIGHTER WEAPONS Missile Guidance
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36 FIGHTER WEAPONS straight path. T
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38 FIGHTER WEAPONS target to correc
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40 FIGHTER WEAPONS sensor systems,
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42 FIGHTER WEAPONS Since CW radars
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44 FIGHTER WEAPONS Missile Fuzes Th
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46 FIGHTER WEAPONS prised of many i
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48 FIGHTER WEAPONS The maneuvering
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50 FIGHTER WEAPONS racy being about
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52 FIGHTER WEAPONS then slowing the
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54 FIGHTER WEAPONS Shooter and targ
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56 FIGHTER WEAPONS will exhibit lar
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58 FIGHTER WEAPONS (RWR), that an e
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60 FIGHTER WEAPONS barrel-rolling a
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2 Basic Fighter Maneuvers I fly clo
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64 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS the comb
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66 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS himself
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68 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS speed ad
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70 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS pursuit
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72 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS Figure 2
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74 Figure 2-7. Low Yo-Yo BASIC FIGH
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76 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS The pote
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80 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS In case
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82 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS capitali
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84 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS one (the
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86 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS his exte
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90 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS the boge
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92 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS subseque
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94 Figure 2-22. Defensive Spiral BA
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96 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS usually
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3 One-versus-One Maneuvering, Simil
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100 ONE-VERSUS-ONE MANEUVERING, SIM
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140 ONE-VERSUS-ONE MANEUVERING, DIS
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1 70 ONE-VERSUS-ONE MANEUVERING, DI
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196 SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE
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198 SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE
Page 219 and 220: 200 SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE
Page 225 and 226: 206 SECTION TACTICS. TWOVERSUS-ONE
Page 229 and 230: 210 SECTION TACTICS, TWO-VERSUS-ONE
Page 245 and 246: 226 SECTION TACTICS/ TWOVERSUS-ONE
Page 255 and 256: Section Tactics, Two-versus-Two The
Page 257 and 258: 238 SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-TWO
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Page 275 and 276: 256 SECTION TACTICS, TWC-VERSUS-TWO
Page 285 and 286: 7 Division Tactics The essence of l
Page 287 and 288: 268 DIVISION TACTICS design began t
Page 289 and 290: 270 DIVISION TACTICS so called beca
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Page 293 and 294: 274 DIVISION TACTICS Figure 7-8. Se
Page 295 and 296: 276 DIVISION TACTICS Lieutenant Eug
Page 297 and 298: 278 DIVISION TACTICS away, the free
Page 299 and 300: 280 DIVISION TACTICS cloud) is now
Page 301 and 302: 282 DIVISION TACTICS Figure 7-13. G
Page 303 and 304: 284 DIVISION TACTICS defensive look
Page 305 and 306: 286 DIVISION TACTICS In a dog-fight
Page 307 and 308: 288 DIVISION TACTICS Americans empl
Page 309 and 310: 8 Unlimited-Aircraft Tactics Of cou
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Page 313 and 314: 294 UN LIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS the
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302 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS many
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304 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS poss
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306 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS posi
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308 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS may
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310 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS inte
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312 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS A go
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314 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS doct
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Fighter Missions To use a fighter a
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318 FIGHTER MISSIONS Scenarios Sinc
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320 FIGHTER MISSIONS altitude, deta
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322 FIGHTER MISSIONS agency and the
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324 FIGHTER MISSIONS As previously
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326 FIGHTER MISSIONS cruise missile
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328 FIGHTER MISSIONS pattern gives
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330 FIGHTER MISSIONS have to coordi
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332 FIGHTER MISSIONS can be turned
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334 FIGHTER MISSIONS the enemy. Suc
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336 FIGHTER MISSIONS aircraft, and
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338 FIGHTER MISSIONS point for a di
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340 FIGHTER MISSIONS become major t
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342 Figure 9-3. Fighter-Escort Miss
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344 FIGHTER MISSIONS Figure 9-6. Fi
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10 Tactical Intercepts Confront the
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348 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Figure 10-1
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350 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS desired alt
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352 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS If the turn
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356 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS range). If
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358 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS ment, and t
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360 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Advantages
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364 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS leader thro
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366 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS immediate l
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368 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS awareness),
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370 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS and positio
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372 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS low, traili
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376 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS also have t
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378 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Visual Scan
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380 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Likely thre
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382 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS be best for
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384 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS target on t
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Appendix Fighter Performance Perfor
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APPENDIX Figure A-l. V-n Diagram di
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APPENDIX 391 Figure A-2. Aircraft T
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APPENDIX 393 Figure A-4. Instantane
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APPENDIX 395 neuverability may be d
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APPENDIX 397 Figure A-7. Engine Thr
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APPENDIX 399 tends to reduce pressu
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APPENDIX 401 Figure A-11. Typical H
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APPENDIX 403 cause the Ps = 0 line
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APPENDIX 405 In theory the energy t
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APPENDIX 407 aircraft surfaces. In
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APPENDIX 409 Outside the zero-Ps li
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APPENDIX 411 factor," which is the
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APPENDIX 413 this condition occurs,
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APPENDIX 415 speed control. Many of
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APPENDIX 417 short or swept wings a
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420 BIBLIOGRAPHY Johnson, Robert S.
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422 INDEX Canard controls, 32, 398
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424 High yo-yo. See Yo-yo, high H-M
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426 INDEX Pursuit: curves and traje
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428 INDEX Turns (continued] 191, 20
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Fighter Combat - Tactics and Maneuvering

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