Fighter Combat - Tactics and Maneuvering

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ONE-VERSUS-ONE MANEUVERING, DISSIMILAR AIRCRAFT 151 supersonic fighter engages a bogey that is limited to subsonic speeds. Just how much excess speed is required can be estimated using an altitude- Mach (H-M) diagram or Equation 3 in the Appendix before the engagement. Assuming an engagement altitude, the bogey's maximum attainable energy level can be located on the chart. Adding the desired energy (altitude) advantage to the bogey's energy level determines the approximate energy level required of the high-T/W fighter. The speed at which this desired energy level intersects the engagement altitude represents the necessary airspeed of the energy fighter. The speed advantage necessary to provide a given zoom-altitude advantage is highly dependent on the bogey's airspeed. For example, a 2,000-ft zoom advantage over a bogey traveling at 100 knots true airspeed (KTAS) would require the energy fighter to have about 130 knots of excess airspeed (230 KTAS total). But with the bogey at 500 KTAS, the energy fighter would need about 540 KTAS (only a 40-knot advantage). Although faster bogeys require less speed advantage for the energy fighter to attain a given zoom-altitude margin, this phenomenon is offset to a large degree because faster fighters generally need more altitude margin. The figures given here are only gross estimates, since they do not consider possible energy changes during the zoom maneuver. Assuming this energy advantage can be attained at the first pass, the pilot of the high-T/W fighter may choose to zoom immediately, as shown in Figure 4-5. The major difference between this scenario and that of Figure 4-4 comes from the great energy advantage of the high-T/W fighter in this case, which enables the energy fighter to remain well above its opponent, and facilitates its maneuvering in the vertical plane. In this scenario the energy fighter has a substantial speed advantage approaching the pass (time "1") as well as slightly greater altitude. Together this speed and altitude advantage form the high-T/W fighter's desired energy margin. The purpose of the height advantage in this case is not only to provide extra energy margin, but also to induce the bogey pilot into a sharply nose-high maneuver. Allowing some vertical separation (i.e., passing almost directly over the bogey) gives the bogey room for a lead turn, but the pilot must turn almost purely in the vertical to take advantage of it. Too much separation here may provide the low-wing-loaded opponent a reasonable snapshot at the pass, while too little vertical advantage offers him little incentive to zoom. An altitude advantage at the pass equal to about one-quarter of the bogey's best turn radius is usually a good compromise. In Figure 4-5 the angles fighter begins a near-vertical lead turn at time "1," while the energy fighter continues straight ahead for a few seconds. Here the pilot of the energy fighter must assess whether the bogey pilot has timed his pull-up properly to gain lead for a gun snapshot at the pass. If so, a quick out-of-plane (level) jink is in order to spoil the shot before he starts a pull-up of his own. This slight delay in the energy fighter's zoom also helps the pilot keep sight of the bogey underneath. The energy fighter should begin its pull-up, at sustained-G levels, as the bogey begins to approach effective guns range. Turning up and away from the bogey at this point
152 ONE-VERSUS-ONE MANEUVERING, DISSIMILAR AIRCRAFT increases the LOS rate seen by the bogey pilot, and consequently increases his lead requirement, forcing him to pull harder and reach a higher climbing attitude. If the bogey pilot keeps pulling for a shot, he should be committd to a very steep climb by the pass (time "2"). Mild jinks left and right during the pull-up complicate the aiming problem of the bogey pilot and may also facilitate keeping sight of the bogey. During the next segment of this maneuver the energy fighter pilot should continue a wings-level, sustained-G pull-up, and reacquire the Figure 4-5. Energy Fight with Initial Energy Advantage
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Fighter Combat TACTICS AND MANEUVER
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Preface ix Acknowledgments xv Abbre
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CONTENTS Vll Single-Side Offset 353
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X PREFACE tactics varied greatly, a
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Xll PREFACE current void of informa
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Acknowledgments Much of the credit
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Abbreviations AAA anti-aircraft art
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Fighter Combat TACTICS AND MANEUVER
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2 FIGHTER WEAPONS although fixed to
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4 FIGHTER WEAPONS some firing range
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Table 1-1. American Aircraft Guns T
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8 FIGHTER WEAPONS angle is also dep
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10 FIGHTER WEAPONS the ballistics o
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12 HGHTER WEAPONS often bars of lig
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14 FIGHTER WEAPONS This system has
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16 FIGHTER WEAPONS required firing
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18 FIGHTER WEAPONS With a disturbed
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20 FIGHTER WEAPONS We were both fly
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22 FIGHTER WEAPONS The predictor LC
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24 FIGHTER WEAPONS The next best th
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26 FIGHTER WEAPONS tracking G, shor
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28 FIGHTER WEAPONS defender's inten
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30 FIGHTER WEAPONS and acrobatic ma
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32 FIGHTER WEAPONS Missile Propulsi
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34 FIGHTER WEAPONS Missile Guidance
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36 FIGHTER WEAPONS straight path. T
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38 FIGHTER WEAPONS target to correc
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40 FIGHTER WEAPONS sensor systems,
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42 FIGHTER WEAPONS Since CW radars
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44 FIGHTER WEAPONS Missile Fuzes Th
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46 FIGHTER WEAPONS prised of many i
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48 FIGHTER WEAPONS The maneuvering
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50 FIGHTER WEAPONS racy being about
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52 FIGHTER WEAPONS then slowing the
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54 FIGHTER WEAPONS Shooter and targ
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56 FIGHTER WEAPONS will exhibit lar
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58 FIGHTER WEAPONS (RWR), that an e
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60 FIGHTER WEAPONS barrel-rolling a
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2 Basic Fighter Maneuvers I fly clo
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64 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS the comb
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66 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS himself
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68 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS speed ad
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70 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS pursuit
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72 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS Figure 2
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74 Figure 2-7. Low Yo-Yo BASIC FIGH
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76 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS The pote
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80 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS In case
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82 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS capitali
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84 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS one (the
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86 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS his exte
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90 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS the boge
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92 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS subseque
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94 Figure 2-22. Defensive Spiral BA
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96 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS usually
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3 One-versus-One Maneuvering, Simil
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Page 215 and 216: 196 SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE
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202 SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE
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206 SECTION TACTICS. TWOVERSUS-ONE
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210 SECTION TACTICS, TWO-VERSUS-ONE
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226 SECTION TACTICS/ TWOVERSUS-ONE
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Section Tactics, Two-versus-Two The
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238 SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-TWO
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256 SECTION TACTICS, TWC-VERSUS-TWO
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7 Division Tactics The essence of l
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268 DIVISION TACTICS design began t
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270 DIVISION TACTICS so called beca
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272 DIVISION TACTICS "4." At time "
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274 DIVISION TACTICS Figure 7-8. Se
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276 DIVISION TACTICS Lieutenant Eug
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278 DIVISION TACTICS away, the free
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280 DIVISION TACTICS cloud) is now
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282 DIVISION TACTICS Figure 7-13. G
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284 DIVISION TACTICS defensive look
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286 DIVISION TACTICS In a dog-fight
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288 DIVISION TACTICS Americans empl
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8 Unlimited-Aircraft Tactics Of cou
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292 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS seve
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294 UN LIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS the
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296 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS beca
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298 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS I de
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300 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS post
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302 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS many
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304 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS poss
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306 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS posi
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308 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS may
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310 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS inte
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312 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS A go
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314 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS doct
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Fighter Missions To use a fighter a
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318 FIGHTER MISSIONS Scenarios Sinc
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320 FIGHTER MISSIONS altitude, deta
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322 FIGHTER MISSIONS agency and the
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324 FIGHTER MISSIONS As previously
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326 FIGHTER MISSIONS cruise missile
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328 FIGHTER MISSIONS pattern gives
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330 FIGHTER MISSIONS have to coordi
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332 FIGHTER MISSIONS can be turned
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334 FIGHTER MISSIONS the enemy. Suc
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336 FIGHTER MISSIONS aircraft, and
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338 FIGHTER MISSIONS point for a di
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340 FIGHTER MISSIONS become major t
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342 Figure 9-3. Fighter-Escort Miss
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344 FIGHTER MISSIONS Figure 9-6. Fi
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10 Tactical Intercepts Confront the
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348 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Figure 10-1
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350 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS desired alt
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352 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS If the turn
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356 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS range). If
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358 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS ment, and t
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360 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Advantages
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364 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS leader thro
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366 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS immediate l
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368 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS awareness),
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370 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS and positio
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372 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS low, traili
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376 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS also have t
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378 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Visual Scan
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380 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Likely thre
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382 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS be best for
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384 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS target on t
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Appendix Fighter Performance Perfor
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APPENDIX Figure A-l. V-n Diagram di
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APPENDIX 391 Figure A-2. Aircraft T
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APPENDIX 393 Figure A-4. Instantane
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APPENDIX 395 neuverability may be d
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APPENDIX 397 Figure A-7. Engine Thr
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APPENDIX 399 tends to reduce pressu
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APPENDIX 401 Figure A-11. Typical H
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APPENDIX 403 cause the Ps = 0 line
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APPENDIX 405 In theory the energy t
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APPENDIX 407 aircraft surfaces. In
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APPENDIX 409 Outside the zero-Ps li
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APPENDIX 411 factor," which is the
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APPENDIX 413 this condition occurs,
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APPENDIX 415 speed control. Many of
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APPENDIX 417 short or swept wings a
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420 BIBLIOGRAPHY Johnson, Robert S.
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422 INDEX Canard controls, 32, 398
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424 High yo-yo. See Yo-yo, high H-M
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426 INDEX Pursuit: curves and traje
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428 INDEX Turns (continued] 191, 20
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Fighter Combat - Tactics and Maneuvering

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