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O<strong>the</strong>r Repurposed Biological Cytokine Mediators?<br />
• When tissue injury and skin<br />
inflammation ensue, chronic<br />
inflammatory signals are released<br />
from surrounding cells at <strong>the</strong><br />
peripheral nerve terminal and lead to<br />
<strong>the</strong> sensitization of <strong>the</strong> nociceptors.<br />
• Such factors include, but are not<br />
limited to, adenosine and its related<br />
mono- or polyphosphorylated<br />
compounds (AMP, ADP and ATP),<br />
bradykinin, glutamate, histamine,<br />
interleukin 1, interleukin 6, nerve<br />
growth factor, platelet-activating<br />
factor, prostaglandin E2, substance<br />
P and tumor-necrosis factor-α.<br />
94<br />
Nature Reviews Neuroscience, Vol 10, Jan 2009<br />
Inflammation<br />
© Defined Health, 2009<br />
Pain Insight Briefing<br />
TNF<br />
IL-1<br />
NGF TRPV-1<br />
Potential to repurpose cytokine<br />
mediators inhibitors for <strong>the</strong><br />
treatment and/or modulation of<br />
pain?