FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR GUIDE Aeroplane - South African Civil ...

EXERCISE 16
Objective
To teach:
TAKE-OFF
(1) How to get the aircraft safely airborne under various conditions of surface, wind and
runway length.
(2) The need to make meaningful decisions as to what type of take-off should be used under
existing conditions.
Motivation
As required.
Essential Background Knowledge
(1) Using the Pilot Operating Handbook explain recommended techniques for a normal
take-off.
Additional take-off considerations for:
(a) Cross-wind. Refer to chart on cross-wind limitations;
(b) Minimum Ground Run. Refer to Pilot Operating Handbook;
Examples:
(i) short fields without obstacles;
(ii) short fields with obstacles;
(iii) soft fields;
(iv) rough fields;
(v) hard surfaces.
(c) Wind shear.
(2) Explain how density altitude may be computed.
(3) Review take-off data tables in Pilot Operating Handbook. Show how to determine the
effect of varying density altitude and aircraft weight on take-off performance.
(4) Explain the use of the Koch Chart for take-off distance calculation. Discuss selection of
decision point to continue or reject the take-off.
(5) Explain the effects on take-off distance of:
(a) Wind — use of head wind and cross-wind component graph;
(b) Light shifting wind or tail wind;
(c) Up grade or down grade;
(d) Surface types, e.g., hard or soft, sand, clay, mud, grass, gravel, snow and ice;
(e) Surface conditions, e.g., wet, dry, slush, snow and ice;
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