Highlights of the Didymellaceae - Studies in Mycology

AveSkAMp et al.
margin regular. Immersed mycelium mainly hyaline, incidentally
black when clustering into thicker hyphal strands. Aerial mycelium
sparse, flat, olivaceous green to white near the colonies margin;
reverse greenish olivaceous to olivaceous black. Colonies on CHA
70–85 mm diam after 7 d, or even covering the total agar surface,
margin regular. Immersed mycelium as on MEA. Aerial mycelium
occurring around the colony centre, white, compact to floccose;
reverse leaden black. Application of NaOH did not have any effect.
Specimens examined: Bulgaria, Silkossia, Strandga Mountain, from leafs of
Trachystemon orientale, 20 June 1980, S. Vanev, holotype designated here CBS
H-20242, ex-holotype culture CBS 357.84; from Trachystemon orientale, 1982, CBS
124515 = PD 82/1058.
Notes: Strain PD 82/1058 differed from CBS 357.84 (which is
described above) by a significantly different colony pattern on MEA.
This strain was characterised by a growth of ca. 20 mm diam. after
7 d, with a strongly lobate margin. White to buff aerial mycelium was
present in a few irregular zones, and had a compact to floccose
structure. Pycnidial primordial are only produced in culture on
MEA after addition of an autoclaved piece of Urtica dioica (stinging
nettle).
Phoma calidophila Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley, Mycologia
101: 368. 2009.
Specimens examined: Egypt, from desert soil, Feb. 1980, M.I.A. Abdel-Kader,
neotype CBS H-20168, ex-neotype culture CBS 448.83. Unknown European origin,
from Cucumis sativus, 1984, G.H. Boerema, PD 84/109.
Phoma chenopodiicola Gruyter, Noordel. & Boerema,
Persoonia 15(3): 395. 1993.
Specimens examined: Peru, from a stem of Chenopodium quinoa cv. Sajana, 1979,
CBS 128.93= PD 79/140; from a stem of Chenopodium quinoa cv. Sajana, 1979,
CBS 129.93 = PD 89/803.
Phoma complanata (Tode) Desm., Michelia 2 (7): 337. 1881.
Basionym: Sphaeria complanata Tode, Fungi Mecklenburg. Sel.
(Lüneburg) 2: 22. 1791.
Specimens examined: The Netherlands, Tilburg, from a stem of Heracleum
sphondylium, Nov. 1997, H.A. van der Aa, CBS H-16194, culture CBS 100311; from
a stem of Angelica sylvestris, 1974, G.H. Boerema, CBS 268.92 = PD 75/3.
Phoma crystallifera Gruyter, Noordel. & Boerema,
Persoonia 15(3): 393. 1993.
Specimen examined: Austria, Kärnten, Wallenberg near Völkermarkt, from
Chamaespartium sagittale, Apr. 1982, H.A. van der Aa, holotype L 992.177-456,
ex-holotype culture CBS 193.82.
Phoma dactylidis Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley, sp. nov.
MycoBank MB515671. Fig. 14.
Conidia dimorpha, intra idem pycnidium formata. Conidia typus 1 ellipsoidea
vel ovoidea, interdum leniter allantoidea, glabra, hyalina, continua, 4.5–9(–9)
× (2–)2.5–3.5 µm, (2–)3–6(–8) guttulis praedita. Conidia typus 2 cylindrica vel
ellipsoidea, glabra, hyalina, saepe uniseptata, (9–)9.5–13.5(–14.5) × (2.5–)3.5–4.5
μm, interdum septata et guttulis (2–)4–8(–15) in quoque cellula. Matrix conidiorum
salmonea.
Etymology: Named after the associated plant host genus, Dactylis
sp.
Conidiomata pycnidial, solitary or confluous, produced on the agar
surface, (sub-)globose, with some hyphal outgrows, (115–)135–
48
230(–250) × (75–)95–195(–105) μm. Ostioles 1–4(–5), papillate.
Pycnidial wall pseudoparenchymatous, composed of isodiametric
cells, 4–8 cell layers, outer 2–4 cell layers pigmented, 10–27 μm
thick. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, hyaline, simple, smooth, flaskshaped,
ca. 4.5–6.5 × 3–5 μm. Conidia dimorphic, both originating
from the same pycnidia. Conidia of type 1: ellipsoidal to ovoid,
sometimes somewhat allantoid, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline,
aseptate 4.5–9(–9) × (2–)2.5–3.5 μm, with (2–)3–6(–8) guttules.
Regularly also large conidia occur: cylindrical to ellipsoidal, thinwalled,
smooth, hyaline, often uniseptate (9–)9.5–13.5(–14.5) ×
(2.5–)3.5–4.5 μm, but sometimes septate and septate somewhat
constricted at the septum, with (2–)4–8(–15) guttules per cell.
Conidial matrix salmon.
Culture characteristics: Colonies on OA, 40–45 mm diam after 7
d, margin regular. Immersed mycelium hyaline, but some greenish
black zones may occur, with tufts of with aerial mycelium. Abundant
greenish black pycnidia are scattered over the medium, which are
salmon coloured near the colony margin; reverse concolourous.
Colonies on MEA 45–50 mm diam after 7 d, margin regular.
Immersed mycelium completely covered by a felty greyish white
aerial mycelium; reverse grey-olivaceous, becoming brownolivaceous
near the colony margin. Colonies on CHA similar as on
MEA, but somewhat faster growing, 55–60 mm diam. after 7 d;
reverse completely black. Application of NaOH results in a slight
greenish discolouration of the agar, best to be observed on OA
medium.
Specimen examined: U.S.A., Oregon, on Dactylis glomerata, 1973, holotype
designated here CBS H-20237, ex-holotype culture CBS 124513 = PD 73/1414.
Notes: Phoma dactylidis has thus far only been isolated once from
the leaves of Dactylis glomerata in Oregon, U.S.A.. Other Phoma
pathogens of Dactylis include Ph. paspali and Ph. pratorum, which
both occur in New Zealand, but are relatively distantly related to
Ph. dactylidis. Additionally, two related taxa have been found on
this host, viz. the novel variety Boeremia exigua var. gilvescens and
Epicoccum nigrum (Punithalingam et al. 1972). The clustering of
this species suggests ecological or morphological similarities with
Ph. rhei (BPP = 1.00; RBS = 100 %).
Phoma destructiva var. destructiva Plowr., Gard. Chron. II
16: 621. 1881.
Specimens examined: Guadeloupe, from fruit of Lycopersicon esculentum, 1987,
CBS 133.93 = PD 88/961 = IMI 173142. Tonga, Friendly Islands, from decaying
fruit of Lycopersicon esculentum, 1967, G.F. Laundon, CBS H-16200, culture CBS
378.73 = CECT 2877.
Phoma destructiva var. diversispora Gruyter & Boerema,
apud De Gruyter, Boerema & Van der Aa, Persoonia 18(1):
28. 2002.
Specimen examined: The Netherlands, Berkel en Rodenrijs, from a leaf of
Lycopersicon esculentum, Oct. 1977, G.H. Boerema, holotype CBS H-16199, exholotype
culture CBS 162.78 = PD 77/725.
Phoma eupyrena Sacc., Michelia 1(5): 525. 1879.
Specimens examined: Germany, Kiel-Kitzeberg, from wheat field soil, 1966, W.
Gams, CBS 527.66 = ATCC 22238; The Netherlands, from the tuber of Solanum
tuberosum, 1991, J. de Gruyter, CBS 374.91 = PD 78/391.