Highlights of the Didymellaceae - Studies in Mycology

AveSkAMp et al.
Fig. 12. Conidial dimorphism in three species of Stagonosporopsis. A. S. actaeae (CBS 106.96). B. S. lupini (CBS 101494). C. S. cucurbitacearum (CBS 109171). Scale bars:
A = 20 μm; B–C = 10 μm.
subboltshauseri appears to occur worldwide on Fabaceae.
However, Boerema et al. (2004) suggested that the original host
of this species may have been Phaseolus, which is native to the
Americas.
A fourth and fifth (S4, S5) subclade in this group comprise species
that are accommodated in section Phoma, and therefore lack any
further features than a plain, globose pycnidium and aseptate,
hyaline conidia. The species found here are Ph. dorenboschiae,
Ph. loticola (both S4), Ph. ajacis and Ph. valerianellae (both S5).
In group S several taxa have been found with a teleomorph
in Didymella, such as Ph. ligulicola var. ligulicola (teleomorph D.
ligulicola var. ligulicola), Ph. ligulicola var. inoxydabilis (D. ligulicola
var. inoxydabilis), and Ph. cucurbitacearum (D. bryoniae). Also the
teleomorph of Ph. caricae-papayae has been recovered in this
study, and found to be a Didymella, which is in line with the other
teleomorph observations in this clade. The current teleomorph
state of this species is accommodated in Mycosphaerella as M.
caricae (Sivanesan 1990).
As the species in the present clade form a well-defined group
within the Didymellaceae, the taxa are recombined into the genus
Stagonosporopsis. This further implies that the names of the
Stagonosporopsis synanamorphs of Ph. samarorum and Ph.
narcissi (S. fraxini and S. curtisii respectively) should no longer be
used.
Stagonosporopsis Died., Ann. Mycol. 10(2): 142. 1912.
emend. Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley. Fig. 12.
Conidiomata pycnidial, globose to subglobose, measuring 70–300
μm diam, on agar surface or immersed, solitary or confluent,
ostiolate or poroid. Pycnidial wall pseudoparenchymatous, counting
2–6 cell layers of which the outer 1–3 are brown/olivaceous
pigmented. Conidiogenous cells phialidic, hyaline, simple, smooth,
ampulliform or doliiform, ca. 4–7.5 × 3–6 µm. Conidia often in
two types: majority aseptate, hyaline, ellipsoidal to subglobose,
thin-walled, smooth, measuring (3–)3.5–10 × 1.5–3(–3.5) μm.
Conidia of the second type can be produced both in vivo and in
vitro in the same pycnidia as the smaller spores, unicellular or
with up to 3 septa, measuring up to 30 × 8 μm. Pseudothecia, if
present, occurring only in vivo, globose to subglobose, sometimes
with a somewhat conical neck, measuring 90–230 μm diam. Asci
cylindrical or subclavate, measuring 50–90 × 9–13 µm, always
8-spored, biseriate. Ascospores ellipsoid, fusiform or obovoid,
measuring 12–18 × 4–7 µm, uniseptate, guttulate.
44
Stagonosporopsis actaeae (Allesch.) Died., Ann. Mycol.
10: 141. 1912.
Basionym: Actinonema actaeae Allesch., Ber. bayer. bot. Ges. 5:
7. 1897.
= Phoma actaeae Boerema, Gruyter & Noordeloos, Persoonia 16(3): 347.
1997.
Specimens examined: The Netherlands, Zeist, from a stem of Cimicifuga simplex,
1974, G.H. Boerema, CBS 105.96 = PD 74/230; Limburg, Schaersbergerbos, from
a leaf of Actaea spicata, 1994, J. de Gruyter, L 992.167.501, culture CBS 106.96
= PD 94/1318.
Notes: In contrast to the earlier description of the Phoma anamorph
of this species (Boerema et al. 1997), the larger conidia regularly
produces up to 3-septate conidia (see Fig. 12A). In the study
mentioned above and in the present one the same strains were
examined morphologically.
Stagonosporopsis ajacis (Thüm.) Aveskamp, Gruyter
& Verkley, comb. nov. MycoBank MB515653.
Basionym: Phyllosticta ajacis Thüm., apud Bolle & von Thümen,
Boll. Soc. Adriat. Sci. Nat. Trieste 6: 329. 1880.
= Phoma ajacis Aa & Boerema, apud De Gruyter, Noordeloos & Boerema,
Persoonia 15(3): 383. 1993.
Specimens examined: Kenya, from Delphinium sp., 1990, Hopman, L 993.034.225,
culture CBS 177.93 = PD 90/115. The Netherlands, Ter Aar, from Delphinium sp.,
1986, CBS 176.93 = PD 86/547.
Stagonosporopsis andigena (Turkenst.) Aveskamp,
Gruyter & Verkley, comb. nov. MycoBank MB515655.
Basionym: Phoma andigena Turkenst., apud Boerema, Gruyter &
Noordeloos, Persoonia 16(1): 131. 1995.
Specimens examined: Peru, Dep. Junin, Huancayo, near Vallis Mantaro, from a leaf
of Solanum sp., 1975, L.J. Turkensteen, CBS 101.80 = PD 75/909 = IMI 386090;
Dep. Junin, Huancayo, near Vallis Mantaro, from a leaf of Solanum sp., 1975, L.J.
Turkensteen, CBS 269.80 = PD 75/914.
Stagonosporopsis artemisiicola (Hollós) Aveskamp,
Gruyter & Verkley, comb. nov. MycoBank MB515656.
Basionym: Phoma artemisiicola Hollós, Mat. Természettud.
Közlem. 35: 40. 1926. (as "artemisaecola")
Specimen examined: France, from a stem base of Artemisia dracunculus, 1973,
CBS 102636 = PD 73/1409.