Highlights of the Didymellaceae - Studies in Mycology

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Phoma And relAted pleoSporAleAn generA
Fig. 7. Globose chlamydospores of Epicoccum spp. A–B. E. nigrum (CBS 173.73). C–E. E. sorghi (CBS 246.60). F–H. E. pimprinum (CBS 179.80). Scale bars: A–B = 50 μm;
C–H = 20 μm.
Specimen examined: Brazil, from Amaranthus sp., Nov. 2007, E. Rosskopf,
holotype designated here CBS H-20235, ex-holotype culture CBS 120105.
Notes: This species is thus far only known from a single isolate from
a wild Amaranthus sp. in Brazil. According to Boerema et al. (2004),
no other Phoma species have been recorded from the same host.
Phoma draconis (Berk. ex Cooke) Boerema, Verslagen
Meded. Plziektenk. Dienst Wageningen 159 (Jaarboek
1982): 24. 1983.
Basionym: Phyllosticta draconis Berk. ex Cooke, Grevillea 19: 8.
1891.
Specimen examined: Rwanda, from a leaf of Dracaena sp., Jan. 1982, G.H.
Boerema, CBS H-16207, culture CBS 186.83 = PD 82/47.
Phoma henningsii Sacc., Syll. Fung. 10: 139. 1892.
Specimen examined: Kenya, Maguga, from the bark of Acacia mearnsii, June 1992,
T.W. Olembo, CBS H-16354, culture CBS 104.80 = PD 74/1017.
Phoma plurivora P.R. Johnst., New Zealand J. Bot. 19(2):
181. 1981.
Specimens examined: Australia, from Medicago sativa, 1975, CBS 248.93 = PD
95/907. New Zealand, Auckland, Mt Albert, from a leaf of Setaria sp., Feb. 1979,
P.R. Johnston, CBS H-7624, ex-isotype culture CBS 558.81 = PDDCC 6873.
Group M – Epicoccum:
This group (BPP = 1.00, RBS = 66 %) comprises three species that
are accommodated in the section Peyronellaea. The Peyronellaea
species in this group, Ph. sorghina, Ph. pimprina and Epicoccum
nigrum (chlamydospore-based synanamorph of Ph. epicoccina;
Arenal et al. 2000, 2004) are characterised by the production of
botryoid or epicoccoid chlamydospores, in contrast to the species
in group K, which produce alternarioid dictyochlamydospores.
The distinct morphology and phylogenetic position justify the
recombination into a separate genus. As the oldest generic name
in this clade is Epicoccum, new combinations for Ph. pimprina and
Ph. sorghina are proposed below.
Epicoccum Link, Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 7: 32.
1815, emend. Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley. Fig. 7.
Conidiomata pycnidial, globose to subglobose, measuring
50–250 μm diam, on agar surface or immersed, mostly solitary
but incidentally confluent. Ostioles papillate or on pronounced
necks. Pycnidial wall pseudoparenchymatous, counting 2–8 cell
layers of which the outer 1–3 are brown-olivaceous pigmented.
Conidiogenous cells phialidic, hyaline, simple, smooth, ampulliform,
ca. 3–7 × 3–7 µm. Conidia variable in shape, initially hyaline but
in later stages a slight brownish pigmentation may be found, thinwalled,
smooth, always aseptate 3–8.5(–10) × 1.5–4(–4.5) μm.
Chlamydospores unicellular or multicellular, intercalary or terminal,
smooth, verrucose or incidentally tuberculate, subhyaline to dark
brown, where unicellular globose, measuring 5–15 µm diam,
where multicellular globose or irregular shaped, smooth, verrucose
or incidentally tuberculate, measuring 8–35 µm.
Type species: Epicoccum nigrum Link.
Epicoccum nigrum Link, Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde
Berlin 7: 32. 1815.
≡ Phoma epicoccina Punith., M.C. Tulloch & C.M. Leach, Trans. Brit.
Mycol. Soc. 59(2): 341 (1972).
Specimens examined: Germany, Berlin, from soil, 1985, H.J. Halfmann, CBS
505.85. The Netherlands, Geleen, from human toe nail, Dec. 1981, CBS 125.82 =
IMI 331914 = CECT 20044; Randwijk, from Malus sp., J. Köhl, 2003, CBS 115825.
U.S.A., Oregon, from seeds of Dactylis glomerata, 1967, CBS 173.73 = ATCC
24428 = IMI 164070.
Epicoccum pimprinum (P.N. Mathur, S.K. Menon & Thirum.)
Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley, comb. nov. MycoBank
MB515619.
Basionym: Phoma pimprina P.N. Mathur, S.K. Menon & Thirum.,
Sydowia 13: 146. 1959.
Specimens examined: India, Poona, Pimpri, from soil, Mar. 1959, S.K. Menon, exisotype
culture CBS 246.60 = ATCC 22237 = ATCC 16652 = IMI 81601; from soil,
1977, PD 77/1028.
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