01.01.2013
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Name Index 931 U.S. bond sale, 211–12 Victory Program, 222 Roosevelt, James, 165, 330 Aff ectionately, FDR: A Son’s Story of a Lonely Man, 550n4 Roosevelt, Th eodore, 113 Roosevelt and Churchill, 1939–1941: Th e Partnership Th at Saved the West (Lash), 33n9, 55n6, 56n9, 57n12, 135n9, 165n10 Roosevelt and Churchill: Th eir Secret Wartime Correspondence (Loewenheim, Langley, and Jones, eds.), 18n26, 29n1, 30–31nn3–4, 55n5, 56n10, 63n28 Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History (Sherwood), 92n30–31, 322n44, 338n85 Roosevelt I Knew, Th e (Perkins), 334–35nn75–76, 335nn77–78 Roosevelt: Th e Soldier of Freedom (Burns), 550n1 Rugg, Charles B., 416–17, 438, 495, 613 Russell, Henry D., 441, 468, 475–76, 483 Sadtler, Otis K., 474 Clarke Investigation, 572, 597– 600, 604–06 Clausen Investigation, 577, 579–80 Hewitt Inquiry, 588 JCC Pearl Harbor investigation, Gerow’s testimony, 657 Saff ord, Laurence F., 41, 343 Army Pearl Harbor Board, 475–80 fi ndings, 488 attempts to conceal wartime secrets, 367, 411 Clarke Investigation, 572, 596– 97, 599–600 communication security and , 89–90 destruction of Japanese codes, 215–17 U.S. classifi ed documents, 229–32, 261–62 Hart Investigation, 431–36 Hewitt Inquiry, 585–89 interview with author, 131n1, 132n3 JCC Pearl Harbor investigation, 671–76, 731, 738–60 Bratton’s testimony, 789 Kramer’s testimony, 764–65, 771–73, 804 Navy Court of Inquiry, 494–95, 508–16 Kramer’s testimony, 525–26 Navy intelligence of f ce, 130, 193 post-attack promotion, 412 pre-attack intelligence, 418–19 removal of top bureau chiefs, 107 search for missing intercepts, 436–37 Winds Code message, 223–24, 227–32, 246, 858 Salm, Command er, 265 Sanematsu, Yuzuru, 229 Sayers, R.S. Financial Policy, 1939–1945, 39n24 Sayre, Francis B., 158, 165 Glad Adventure, 166n11 Schuirmann, R.E. JCC Pearl Harbor investigation Kramer’s testimony, 763 Stark’s testimony, 666, 814 Navy Court of Inquiry, 498–99, 507–08 warnings to Japan, 114 Schulz, Lester Robert, 256, 273–77, 789–95, 816, 820
932 Pearl Harbor : The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy Shalett, Sidney Aff ectionately, FDR: A Son’s Story of a Lonely Man, 550n4 Sherwood, Robert E., 92, 864 Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History, 322n44, 338n85 Th e White House Papers of Harry L. Hopkins, 322n44, 329n62, 331n69, 336n80, 337–38nn84– 85 Shigemitsu, Mamoru, 77 Short, Walter C. (General), 342 accusations against, viii, xi, 369, 373, 862–66 anticipated attack from Japan, 174–75, 313 appointment as command ing general of the Hawiian department, 81–82 Army Pearl Harbor Board, 441– 51, 458–61, 482 fi ndings, 488–89, 555–59, 564–66 cartoon by C.D. Batchelor, 653 Clarke Investigation, 569 Clausen Investigation, 573–74, 577, 581–82 JCC Pearl Harbor investigation, 707–30 Gerow’s testimony, 631–34, 656–57 Kimmel’s testimony, 677, 682, 706 Kramer’s testimony, 776 Marshall’s testimony, 640, 641, 644–46, 653 Minority Report, 833, 838–39, 841 Saff ord’s testimony, 756 Stark’s testimony, 668–69 Wilkinson’s testimony, 626–27, 629 Knox’s investigation of damage to Pearl Harbor , 353–55 Navy Court of Inquiry, 496, 499–502 One P.M. Message, 372 preparations for court-martial, 409–11, 415, 417, 420 problems with military intelligence, 110, 194, 213, 858, 863. See also military intelligence, absence of for Pearl Harbor command ers retirement of , 401–04, 406 Roberts Commission fi ndings, 396–401 fl eet preparedness, 382–89 military intelligence, 392–93 responsibility for defense, 376–77 sabotage alert, 394–95 warnings from Washington, 375–76 sabotage alert, 167–69, 312 Stimson’s of fi cial report, 607–10 Signal Corps: Th e Test (Th ompson), 319n33 Smith, Leonard B., 64 Smith, Ralph C., 602–04, 604, 788 Smith, (Walter) Bedell, 342 Clarke Investigation, 600 Clausen Investigation, 576–78, 580 Japanese reply to U.S. ultimatum, 276–77 JCC Pearl Harbor investigation, Bratton’s testimony, 783, 788 Smith, William.W., 424, 426, 591 Smuts, Jan Christian, 69n43 Sonnett, John F. Hewitt Inquiry, 583 JCC Pearl Harbor investigation Kramer’s testimony, 763, 768, 776
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PEARL HARBOR THE SEEDS AND FRUITS O
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ISBN: 978-1-933550-33-6 Copyright
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vi Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Frui
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viii Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fr
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Author’s Preface When the attack
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Author’s Preface xiii Washington
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Foreword On October 28, 1944, in Wa
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Foreword xvii revealed a great deal
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Acknowledgments As my husband notes
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Acknowledgments xxi been intercepte
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1. U.S. International Policy: 1933-
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U.S. International Policy: 1933-194
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2. Foreign Relations in an Election
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Foreign Relations in an Election Ye
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Foreign Relations in an Election Ye
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Foreign Relations in an Election Ye
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Foreign Relations in an Election Ye
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Foreign Relations in an Election Ye
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Foreign Relations in an Election Ye
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3. U.S. Ties to Britain Strengthene
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129 6. Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! Int
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 131 to thw
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 133 So thr
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 135 4. U.S
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 137 have s
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 139 were i
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 141 of est
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 143 for th
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 145 their
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 147 Japane
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 149 given.
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 151 by Chi
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 153 After
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 155 way of
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 157 c. We
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 159 Japane
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7. Japanese Action Appears Imminent
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Japanese Action Appears Imminent 17
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Japanese Action Appears Imminent 17
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8. The Countdown Begins U.S.-Japane
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The Countdown Begins 181 Tokyo Orde
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The Countdown Begins 183 offi ce, w
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The Countdown Begins 185 Pacific. .
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The Countdown Begins 187 Th e Japan
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The Countdown Begins 189 southeast
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The Countdown Begins 191 Th e battl
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The Countdown Begins 193 situation
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The Countdown Begins 195 and Washin
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The Countdown Begins 197 Four offi
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The Countdown Begins 199 FDR also t
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The Countdown Begins 201 night repo
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10. Significant Information Known i
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Signifi cant Information Known in W
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Signifi cant Information Known in W
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Signifi cant Information Known in W
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Signifi cant Information Known in W
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Signifi cant Information Known in W
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Signifi cant Information Known in W
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240 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
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12. December 6, Part 1 Collecting
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December 6, Part 1 251 usually in t
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December 6, Part 1 253 result of th
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December 6, Part 1 255 Message.”
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December 6, Part 1 257 Fleet in the
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December 6, Part 1 259 Takagi, Ando
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December 6, Part 1 261 fully apprec
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December 6, Part 1 263 included all
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December 6, Part 1 265 told him tha
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December 6, Part 1 267 had “now r
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15. Air Raid, Pearl Harbor! This is
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Air Raid, Pearl Harbor! This is No
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Air Raid, Pearl Harbor! This is No
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Air Raid, Pearl Harbor! This is No
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President Franklin D. Roosevelt sig
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Editor’s Preface 343 Admiral Husb
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Part 2 The Fruits of Infamy
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18. The Cover-up Begins The First W
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The Cover-up Begins 365 president h
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The Cover-up Begins 367 “We were
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The Cover-up Begins 369 accomplishm
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The Cover-up Begins 371 cannot know
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19. The Administration Initiates an
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The Administration Initiates an Inv
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The Administration Initiates an Inv
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The Administration Initiates an Inv
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The Administration Initiates an Inv
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410 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
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441 22. Army Pearl Harbor Board The
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 443 attack
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 445 the Haw
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 447 interpr
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 449 a grave
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 451 been so
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 453 Grunert
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 455 view of
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 457 positio
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 459 then di
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 461 of furt
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 463 And he
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 465 (2) Wha
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 467 they co
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 469 However
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 471 Saturda
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 473 the pre
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 475 APHB me
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 477 they ha
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 479 By “t
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 481 Marshal
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 483 of the
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 485 Departm
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 487 clock o
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 489 the Chi
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 491 so crit
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493 23. The Navy Court of Inquiry (
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The Navy Court of Inquiry (July 24-
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726 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
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728 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 753 and 754:
730 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 755 and 756:
732 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 757 and 758:
734 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 759 and 760:
736 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 761 and 762:
738 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 763 and 764:
740 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 765 and 766:
742 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 767 and 768:
744 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 769 and 770:
746 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
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748 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 773 and 774:
750 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
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752 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 777 and 778:
754 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 779 and 780:
756 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 781 and 782:
758 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 783 and 784:
760 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 785 and 786:
762 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 787 and 788:
764 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 789 and 790:
766 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 791 and 792:
768 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 793 and 794:
770 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 795 and 796:
772 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 797 and 798:
774 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 799 and 800:
776 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 801 and 802:
778 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 803 and 804:
780 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 805 and 806:
782 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 807 and 808:
784 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 809 and 810:
786 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 811 and 812:
788 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 813 and 814:
790 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 815 and 816:
792 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 817 and 818:
794 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 819 and 820:
796 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 821 and 822:
798 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 823 and 824:
800 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 825 and 826:
802 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 827 and 828:
804 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 829 and 830:
806 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 831 and 832:
808 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 833 and 834:
810 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
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812 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
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814 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 839 and 840:
816 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 841 and 842:
818 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
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820 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
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822 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
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824 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 850 and 851:
827 30. Joint Congressional Committ
Page 852 and 853:
Joint Congressional Committee, Pear
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Joint Congressional Committee, Pear
Page 856 and 857:
Joint Congressional Committee, Pear
Page 858 and 859:
Joint Congressional Committee, Pear
Page 860 and 861:
Joint Congressional Committee, Pear
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Joint Congressional Committee, Pear
Page 864:
Joint Congressional Committee, Pear
Page 867 and 868:
844 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
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846 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
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848 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
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850 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
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852 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
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854 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
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856 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
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858 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
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860 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 885 and 886:
862 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 887 and 888:
864 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 889 and 890:
866 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 891 and 892:
868 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 893 and 894:
870 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 895 and 896:
872 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 897 and 898:
874 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 899 and 900:
876 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 901 and 902:
878 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 903 and 904:
880 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 905 and 906:
882 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 907 and 908:
884 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 909 and 910:
886 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 911 and 912:
888 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 913 and 914:
890 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 915 and 916:
892 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fru
Page 918 and 919:
agents, secret, 35, 56, 165 aircraf
Page 920 and 921:
Subject Index 897 objection to Modu
Page 922 and 923:
Subject Index 899 England alliance
Page 924 and 925:
Subject Index 901 Hewitt Inquiry co
Page 926 and 927:
Subject Index 903 Saff ord’s test
Page 928 and 929:
Subject Index 905 Minority Report o
Page 930 and 931:
Subject Index 907 Hewitt Inquiry, t
Page 932 and 933:
Subject Index 909 attack on Kra Pen
Page 934 and 935:
Bold numbers denote photographs Abb
Page 936 and 937:
Name Index 913 Blum, John Morton Fr
Page 938 and 939:
Name Index 915 Cryptolog (Saff ord)
Page 940 and 941:
Name Index 917 Gatch, T.L., 557, 55
Page 942 and 943:
Name Index 919 Hewitt, Kent H. inve
Page 944 and 945:
Name Index 921 JCC Pearl Harbor inv
Page 946 and 947:
Name Index 923 Roberts Commission,
Page 948 and 949:
Name Index 925 Majority Report, 829
Page 950 and 951:
Name Index 927 557n23, 563-66nn47-5
Page 952 and 953:
Name Index 929 George C. Marshall:
Page 956 and 957:
Name Index 933 Saff ord’s testimo
Page 958 and 959:
Name Index 935 Strong, George V., 3
Page 960:
Name Index 937 White House Physicia
Name Index 931<br />
U.S. bond sale, 211–12<br />
Victory Program, 222<br />
Roosevelt, James, 165, 330<br />
Aff ectionately, FDR: A Son’s Story<br />
<strong>of</strong> a Lonely Man, 550n4<br />
Roosevelt, Th eodore, 113<br />
Roosevelt <strong>and</strong> Churchill, 1939–1941:<br />
Th e Partnership Th at Saved the West<br />
(Lash), 33n9, 55n6, 56n9, 57n12,<br />
135n9, 165n10<br />
Roosevelt <strong>and</strong> Churchill: Th eir<br />
Secret Wartime Correspondence<br />
(Loewenheim, Langley, <strong>and</strong> Jones,<br />
eds.), 18n26, 29n1, 30–31nn3–4,<br />
55n5, 56n10, 63n28<br />
Roosevelt <strong>and</strong> Hopkins: An Intimate<br />
History (Sherwood), 92n30–31,<br />
322n44, 338n85<br />
Roosevelt I Knew, Th e (Perkins),<br />
334–35nn75–76, 335nn77–78<br />
Roosevelt: Th e Soldier <strong>of</strong> Freedom<br />
(Burns), 550n1<br />
Rugg, Charles B., 416–17, 438, 495,<br />
613<br />
Russell, Henry D., 441, 468, 475–76,<br />
483<br />
Sadtler, Otis K., 474<br />
Clarke Investigation, 572, 597–<br />
600, 604–06<br />
Clausen Investigation, 577,<br />
579–80<br />
Hewitt Inquiry, 588<br />
JCC <strong>Pearl</strong> <strong>Harbor</strong> investigation,<br />
Gerow’s testimony, 657<br />
Saff ord, Laurence F., 41, 343<br />
Army <strong>Pearl</strong> <strong>Harbor</strong> Board,<br />
475–80<br />
fi ndings, 488<br />
attempts to conceal wartime<br />
secrets, 367, 411<br />
Clarke Investigation, 572, 596–<br />
97, 599–600<br />
communication security <strong>and</strong>,<br />
89–90<br />
destruction <strong>of</strong><br />
Japanese codes, 215–17<br />
U.S. classifi ed documents,<br />
229–32, 261–62<br />
Hart Investigation, 431–36<br />
Hewitt Inquiry, 585–89<br />
interview with author, 131n1,<br />
132n3<br />
JCC <strong>Pearl</strong> <strong>Harbor</strong> investigation,<br />
671–76, 731, 738–60<br />
Bratton’s testimony, 789<br />
Kramer’s testimony, 764–65,<br />
771–73, 804<br />
Navy Court <strong>of</strong> Inquiry, 494–95,<br />
508–16<br />
Kramer’s testimony, 525–26<br />
Navy intelligence <strong>of</strong>f ce, 130, 193<br />
post-attack promotion, 412<br />
pre-attack intelligence, 418–19<br />
removal <strong>of</strong> top bureau chiefs, 107<br />
search for missing intercepts,<br />
436–37<br />
Winds Code message, 223–24,<br />
227–32, 246, 858<br />
Salm, Comm<strong>and</strong>er, 265<br />
Sanematsu, Yuzuru, 229<br />
Sayers, R.S.<br />
Financial Policy, 1939–1945,<br />
39n24<br />
Sayre, Francis B., 158, 165<br />
Glad Adventure, 166n11<br />
Schuirmann, R.E.<br />
JCC <strong>Pearl</strong> <strong>Harbor</strong> investigation<br />
Kramer’s testimony, 763<br />
Stark’s testimony, 666, 814<br />
Navy Court <strong>of</strong> Inquiry, 498–99,<br />
507–08<br />
warnings to Japan, 114<br />
Schulz, Lester Robert, 256, 273–77,<br />
789–95, 816, 820