Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ...
Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ... Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ...
Joint Congressional Committee, Pearl Harbor Attack: Part 3 789 with whom I talked here in Washington, my conversations with General Miles before he appeared before the Committee, all of these have combined to lead me to the belief that the evidence that I have given before the committee today is my best recollection of the facts. 200 After the lengthy questioning of Saff ord, Kramer, Bratton, and all the other offi cers concerned, it was diffi cult to know just what to believe. Th eir testimony had often been confusing and contradictory. Kramer’s testimony did little to clear up the mystery over whether a “Winds Execute” had been intercepted before December 7—or if it had been, what it had meant. His testimony about the “Pilot Message” raised questions as to whether it was actually received before or after the 14-part response itself. And Bratton’s testimony on the delivery of the Japanese intercepts during the evening of December 6 helped little in clarifying the situation. Intercepts Indicating Imminence of War Delivered to the White House Evening, December 6 At my suggestion, committee member requested a list of all persons who had been on duty at the White House on December 6 and 7. One name on that list was Navy Commander Lester R. Schulz. On February 12, 1946, while at sea aboard the Indiana, Schulz received orders to come to Washington. 201 When he arrived at the Capitol, Senator Ferguson and Lieutenant Commander Baecher, assistant counsel and the Navy’s liaison to the committee, took him aside in a room adjoining the chamber where the hearings 200 Ibid., part 9, pp. 4597; part 10, 4611–12. 201 Ibid., pp. 4668–69.
790 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy were being held. 202 When the senator returned to the committee table, he said to me sotto voce, “Th is is it!” Schulz had told his story about the evening of December 6 to no one except when he had spoken briefl y with Baecher the previous December. Th is was his fi rst time to testify, he said. 203 He had never written his experiences down and had no notes. 204 In 1941 Schulz had been a Navy lieutenant in the Offi ce of Naval Communications for communications intelligence. He had fi rst entered the White House on December 5, on a temporary assignment from the communications division. On the evening of December 6 he had been on temporary duty at the White House as a communications assistant to Naval aide Captain Beardall. 205 At about 4 p.m. Beardall told Schulz to remain in the offi ce to receive a special message for the president. 206 “[D]uring the evening Captain Kramer would bring up some magic material and that I was to take it and give it immediately to the president,” Schultz testifi ed. Th e material would be in a locked pouch, and Beardall gave Schultz the key so he could remove the material. 207 Beardall told him it was “of such importance” that the president was expecting it. Beardall himself left at about 5:30 to attend a dinner party. 208 Th is was the fi rst time in his seven months as FDR’s naval aide that he had been asked to make special arrangements to deliver a message to the president after 5:30 or 6:00 in the evening, i.e., after the close of the ordinary workday. 209 202Ibid., pp. 4666, 4669. 203Ibid., p. 4669. 204Ibid., p. 4664. 205Ibid., p. 4660. 206Ibid., p. 4668. 207Ibid., p. 4661. 208Ibid., p. 4668. 209Ibid., part 11, p. 5278, Beardall testimony.
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Joint Congressional Committee, <strong>Pearl</strong> <strong>Harbor</strong> Attack: Part 3 789<br />
with whom I talked here in Washington, my conversations<br />
with General Miles before he appeared before the Committee,<br />
all <strong>of</strong> these have combined to lead me to the belief that the<br />
evidence that I have given before the committee today is my<br />
best recollection <strong>of</strong> the facts. 200<br />
After the lengthy questioning <strong>of</strong> Saff ord, Kramer, Bratton,<br />
<strong>and</strong> all the other <strong>of</strong>fi cers concerned, it was diffi cult to know just<br />
what to believe. Th eir testimony had <strong>of</strong>ten been confusing <strong>and</strong><br />
contradictory. Kramer’s testimony did little to clear up the mystery<br />
over whether a “Winds Execute” had been intercepted before<br />
December 7—or if it had been, what it had meant. His testimony<br />
about the “Pilot Message” raised questions as to whether it was<br />
actually received before or after the 14-part response itself. And<br />
Bratton’s testimony on the delivery <strong>of</strong> the Japanese intercepts<br />
during the evening <strong>of</strong> December 6 helped little in clarifying the<br />
situation.<br />
Intercepts Indicating Imminence <strong>of</strong><br />
War Delivered to the White House<br />
Evening, December 6<br />
At my suggestion, committee member requested a list <strong>of</strong> all<br />
persons who had been on duty at the White House on December<br />
6 <strong>and</strong> 7. One name on that list was Navy Comm<strong>and</strong>er Lester R.<br />
Schulz.<br />
On February 12, 1946, while at sea aboard the Indiana, Schulz<br />
received orders to come to Washington. 201 When he arrived at the<br />
Capitol, Senator Ferguson <strong>and</strong> Lieutenant Comm<strong>and</strong>er Baecher,<br />
assistant counsel <strong>and</strong> the Navy’s liaison to the committee, took<br />
him aside in a room adjoining the chamber where the hearings<br />
200 Ibid., part 9, pp. 4597; part 10, 4611–12.<br />
201 Ibid., pp. 4668–69.