Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ...
Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ... Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ...
Joint Congressional Committee, Pearl Harbor Attack: Part 3 765 him into changing his opinion “or anything of that kind.” 131 Kramer was also interviewed at the hospital by reporters. 132 Kramer’s NCI “Winds Code” Testimony vs. his “Refreshed” JCC Testimony In his December 1943 and January 1944 letters, Saff ord had asked Kramer about his recollections of the pre-attack situation in Washington, especially about the “Winds Execute” and Kramer’s December 6–7 intercept deliveries. When Kramer appeared before the JCC, Keefe questioned him about his 1944 memorandum prepared for Admiral Halsey. 133 In that memorandum and again before the NCI, Kramer had detailed his role in translating and delivering the pre-attack intercepts. Passage by passage, Keefe went over the memorandum with Kramer. And passage by passage, Kramer modifi ed his 1944 statements. 134 Th ere were serious discrepancies between Kramer’s earlier (1944) NCI testimony and his later newly “refreshed” JCC recollections concerning the receipt, or non-receipt, of a “Winds Execute.” At the NCI, Kramer had testifi ed quite readily about the “Winds Execute,” even volunteering details on his own: “Higashi No Kaze Ame is East Wind, Rain. . . . Th e sense of that, however, meant strained relations or a break in relations, possibly even implying war with a nation to the eastward, the United States.” 135 However, when Keefe questioned Kramer, he waffl ed: Keefe: Was it the truth? 131 Joint Committee, Pearl Harbor Attack, part 9, p. 3964. 132 Ibid., p. 4078. 133 Ibid., part 9, pp. 4080–81. 134 Ibid., pp. 4093ff . 135 Ibid., p. 4128.
766 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy Kramer: It was not, sir. . . . It was the truth as it came to my mind at the time. . . . [T]hat occasion, namely, the Naval Court of Inquiry, was the fi rst time that the question of what country appeared in that piece of teletype ever came up in any conversation in which I was participating. . . . Keefe: So that we now have a situation where you make a statement on a vital issue before the Naval Court of Inquiry which you admit was not true because you claim that subsequent events have now convinced you that the answer which you gave was not [true]; is that the fact? . . . Kramer: [D]espite the fact that I was caught cold [at the NCI] on that point when the question was propounded my reaction even then was that only one country was involved on that piece of teletype paper. 136 Keefe: Now you want us to understand when I read your testimony before the naval court that according to your present refreshed and current recollection you were mistaken, that there were no such words in the message that you saw? Kramer: No words referring to the United States. . . . Keefe: You do not remember what words were in the message; is that your testimony, Captain? Kramer: What I mean to imply by that—I think it has been reiterated many times—is that I do not now and have never known since the time I saw that piece of teletype exactly what Japanese phraseology was in it, sir. . . . Keefe: You pretended to know what words were in it when you testifi ed before the Naval Court of Inquiry, did you not? Kramer: Th at was apparently the impression I created; yes, sir. 136 Ibid., part 9, pp. 4128–29.
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766 <strong>Pearl</strong> <strong>Harbor</strong>: <strong>The</strong> <strong>Seeds</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Fruits</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Infamy</strong><br />
Kramer: It was not, sir. . . . It was the truth as it came to my<br />
mind at the time. . . . [T]hat occasion, namely, the Naval Court<br />
<strong>of</strong> Inquiry, was the fi rst time that the question <strong>of</strong> what country<br />
appeared in that piece <strong>of</strong> teletype ever came up in any conversation<br />
in which I was participating. . . .<br />
Keefe: So that we now have a situation where you make a<br />
statement on a vital issue before the Naval Court <strong>of</strong> Inquiry<br />
which you admit was not true because you claim that subsequent<br />
events have now convinced you that the answer which<br />
you gave was not [true]; is that the fact? . . .<br />
Kramer: [D]espite the fact that I was caught cold [at the NCI]<br />
on that point when the question was propounded my reaction<br />
even then was that only one country was involved on that piece<br />
<strong>of</strong> teletype paper. 136<br />
Keefe: Now you want us to underst<strong>and</strong> when I read your testimony<br />
before the naval court that according to your present<br />
refreshed <strong>and</strong> current recollection you were mistaken, that<br />
there were no such words in the message that you saw?<br />
Kramer: No words referring to the United States. . . .<br />
Keefe: You do not remember what words were in the message;<br />
is that your testimony, Captain?<br />
Kramer: What I mean to imply by that—I think it has been<br />
reiterated many times—is that I do not now <strong>and</strong> have never<br />
known since the time I saw that piece <strong>of</strong> teletype exactly what<br />
Japanese phraseology was in it, sir. . . .<br />
Keefe: You pretended to know what words were in it when you<br />
testifi ed before the Naval Court <strong>of</strong> Inquiry, did you not?<br />
Kramer: Th at was apparently the impression I created; yes, sir.<br />
136 Ibid., part 9, pp. 4128–29.