Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ...
Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ... Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ...
Joint Congressional Committee, Pearl Harbor Attack: Part 3 759 too. What “possible interest, personal interest” might Saff ord have in this controversy? “You realize, of course,” Keefe said to Saff ord, “that in view of the implications that have been stated in the cross-examination of you, especially by the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Murphy], that you have made some rather strong charges? . . . Th at may well militate against your career as a naval offi cer. Did you realize that when you came here as a witness?” Of course, Saff ord replied, every time he had testifi ed. True, he had “no personal interest, except I started it and I have got to see it through.” Keefe: And despite the fact that you have nothing personally to gain, and everything to lose, you have persisted in this story every time you have testifi ed? Saff ord: I have. 106 . . . I believe the best defense is telling the truth. 107 Finally Saff ord completed fi ve days (February 1–6) before the JCC, battered and bruised perhaps, but unbowed. His testimony remained consistent throughout the investigations. Chief Warrant Offi cer Ralph T. Briggs, the Cheltenham code clerk who had intercepted the “Winds Execute,” had bowed to the command of his superior offi cer and did not testify. Saff ord had respected Briggs’s request for confi dentiality, never mentioned his name, and revealed nothing Briggs had told him in confi dence. 108 (Because of personal problems—his wife was going blind— Briggs complied with the order of Captain Harper, his superior offi cer, out of fear he would be fi red if he disobeyed. Only since his retirement in 1977 has he acknowledged intercepting the 106Ibid., pp. 3807–08. 107Ibid., p. 3717. 108See Chapter 28, pp. 671ff .
760 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy “Winds Execute” and located records proving this. 109 Th e reassurance Saff ord received from Briggs that a “Winds Execute” had actually been picked up on December 4, 1941 must have given him added confi dence in standing up to the vigorous and grueling cross-examination by some of JCC’s Democratic members. His determination to learn the truth about Pearl Harbor persisted for the rest of his life. He worked closely with this author in trying to follow investigative leads and to explain discrepancies in some of the testimony. Saff ord later was recognized for some of his contributions to cryptography. On February 11, 1946, the Navy Department awarded him the Legion of Merit “for his work as a cryptographic expert from March 1942 to September 1945.” 110 In 1958 Congress rewarded him $100,000 for his eff orts in solving foreign codes and constructing our own codes. 111 And in 1983, a decade after his death, he was awarded a delayed patent for his invention that “overcomes jamming of radio communications.” 112 Kramer, U.S. Navy Translator and Courier, Testifies On February 6 Captain Alwin Dalton Kramer took the stand. Forty-two years old and a 1925 graduate of the Annapolis Naval Academy, Kramer had 21 years in the Navy. He had been in charge of a section of the Division of Naval Communications, 109See John Toland’s Infamy: Pearl Harbor and Its Aftermath (New York: Berkley Books, 1983), “Postscript,” section 4, pp. 346–47. Toland reports the recollections of the Japanese naval attaché in Washington, Captain Yuzuru Sanematsu, who picked up the “Winds Execute” on December 4, 1941, and those of assistant attaché, Lieutenant Commander. Yoshimori Terai. See chapter 10, pp. 228–29. 110Joint Committee, Pearl Harbor Attack, part 9, p. 4344. 111 Washington Star, May 18, 1973. 112 Th e New York Times, August 27, 1983.
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Joint Congressional Committee, <strong>Pearl</strong> <strong>Harbor</strong> Attack: Part 3 759<br />
too. What “possible interest, personal interest” might Saff ord<br />
have in this controversy? “You realize, <strong>of</strong> course,” Keefe said to<br />
Saff ord, “that in view <strong>of</strong> the implications that have been stated in<br />
the cross-examination <strong>of</strong> you, especially by the gentleman from<br />
Pennsylvania [Murphy], that you have made some rather strong<br />
charges? . . . Th at may well militate against your career as a naval<br />
<strong>of</strong>fi cer. Did you realize that when you came here as a witness?”<br />
Of course, Saff ord replied, every time he had testifi ed. True,<br />
he had “no personal interest, except I started it <strong>and</strong> I have got to<br />
see it through.”<br />
Keefe: And despite the fact that you have nothing personally<br />
to gain, <strong>and</strong> everything to lose, you have persisted in this story<br />
every time you have testifi ed?<br />
Saff ord: I have. 106 . . . I believe the best defense is telling the<br />
truth. 107<br />
Finally Saff ord completed fi ve days (February 1–6) before the<br />
JCC, battered <strong>and</strong> bruised perhaps, but unbowed. His testimony<br />
remained consistent throughout the investigations.<br />
Chief Warrant Offi cer Ralph T. Briggs, the Cheltenham code<br />
clerk who had intercepted the “Winds Execute,” had bowed to the<br />
comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> his superior <strong>of</strong>fi cer <strong>and</strong> did not testify. Saff ord had<br />
respected Briggs’s request for confi dentiality, never mentioned his<br />
name, <strong>and</strong> revealed nothing Briggs had told him in confi dence. 108<br />
(Because <strong>of</strong> personal problems—his wife was going blind—<br />
Briggs complied with the order <strong>of</strong> Captain Harper, his superior<br />
<strong>of</strong>fi cer, out <strong>of</strong> fear he would be fi red if he disobeyed. Only since<br />
his retirement in 1977 has he acknowledged intercepting the<br />
106Ibid., pp. 3807–08.<br />
107Ibid., p. 3717.<br />
108See Chapter 28, pp. 671ff .