Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ...

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731 29. Joint Congressional Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack November 15, 1945–May 31, 1946: Part 3 The Joint Congressional Committee still had many potential witnesses on its list whose testimony was expected to prove important. Among these were Admiral R.E. Ingersoll, Assistant Chief of Naval Operations, as well as several men who had been closely concerned with MAGIC—Captain L.F. Saff ord, who had been in charge of the security section of Naval Communications; Captain A.D. Kramer, Navy translator and courier; and Colonel Rufus S. Bratton, Army courier. Th e JCC members did not fi nd it easy to learn how much was known in Washington before the attack about the imminence of war, when it was known, and how much information was relayed to the Pearl Harbor commanders.
732 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy Top Washington Officials Confer Daily on Impending Crisis When testifying before the Hart and Navy Court Inquiries, Assistant Chief of Naval Operations Ingersoll had admitted having seen the “Winds Execute” before December 7, 1941. 1 However, in his JCC testimony he belittled its importance as a war warning: [T]he wording in that winds message did not say that we are going to be in a state of war or that hostilities now exist. It referred to a rupture of diplomatic negotiations or that the situation between the countries was becoming critical. . . . If you rupture diplomatic negotiations you do not necessarily have to burn your codes. Th e diplomats go home and they can pack up their codes . . . and take them home. Ingersoll considered the destruction of the code dispatches much more important. [T]hey not only told their diplomats in Washington and London to burn their codes but they told their consuls in Manila, in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Batavia to burn their codes. And that did not mean a rupture of diplomatic negotiations, it meant war, and that information was sent out to the fl eets as soon as we got it. 2 [W]hen we received the original message which set up the winds code that became important then because that would be the fi rst indication that we would get of when the Japanese thought they would rupture negotiations or be at war if a broader interpretation were placed on it. . . . [B]ut once we had 179th Cong., 1st sess. Joint (Congressional) Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack. Pearl Harbor Attack, 39 vols. (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Offi ce, 1946), part 9, pp. 4223–24, portions of Hart and NCI testimony reproduced. 2Ibid., p. 4226.
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PEARL HARBOR THE SEEDS AND FRUITS O
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ISBN: 978-1-933550-33-6 Copyright
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vi Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Frui
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viii Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fr
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Author’s Preface When the attack
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Author’s Preface xiii Washington
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Foreword On October 28, 1944, in Wa
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Foreword xvii revealed a great deal
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Acknowledgments As my husband notes
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Acknowledgments xxi been intercepte
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1. U.S. International Policy: 1933-
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U.S. International Policy: 1933-194
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2. Foreign Relations in an Election
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Foreign Relations in an Election Ye
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3. U.S. Ties to Britain Strengthene
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U.S. Ties to Britain Strengthened 5
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129 6. Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! Int
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 131 to thw
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 133 So thr
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 135 4. U.S
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 147 Japane
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 149 given.
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 153 After
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 155 way of
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 157 c. We
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Modus Vivendi—Yes? No! 159 Japane
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7. Japanese Action Appears Imminent
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Japanese Action Appears Imminent 16
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8. The Countdown Begins U.S.-Japane
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The Countdown Begins 181 Tokyo Orde
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The Countdown Begins 183 offi ce, w
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The Countdown Begins 185 Pacific. .
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The Countdown Begins 187 Th e Japan
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The Countdown Begins 189 southeast
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The Countdown Begins 191 Th e battl
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The Countdown Begins 193 situation
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The Countdown Begins 195 and Washin
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The Countdown Begins 197 Four offi
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The Countdown Begins 199 FDR also t
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The Countdown Begins 201 night repo
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10. Significant Information Known i
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Signifi cant Information Known in W
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12. December 6, Part 1 Collecting
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December 6, Part 1 251 usually in t
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December 6, Part 1 253 result of th
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December 6, Part 1 255 Message.”
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December 6, Part 1 257 Fleet in the
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December 6, Part 1 259 Takagi, Ando
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December 6, Part 1 261 fully apprec
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December 6, Part 1 263 included all
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December 6, Part 1 265 told him tha
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December 6, Part 1 267 had “now r
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15. Air Raid, Pearl Harbor! This is
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Air Raid, Pearl Harbor! This is No
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President Franklin D. Roosevelt sig
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Editor’s Preface 343 Admiral Husb
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Part 2 The Fruits of Infamy
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18. The Cover-up Begins The First W
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The Cover-up Begins 365 president h
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The Cover-up Begins 367 “We were
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The Cover-up Begins 369 accomplishm
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The Cover-up Begins 371 cannot know
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19. The Administration Initiates an
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The Administration Initiates an Inv
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441 22. Army Pearl Harbor Board The
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 443 attack
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 445 the Haw
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 447 interpr
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 449 a grave
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 451 been so
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 453 Grunert
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 455 view of
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 459 then di
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 461 of furt
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 463 And he
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 465 (2) Wha
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 467 they co
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 469 However
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 471 Saturda
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 473 the pre
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 475 APHB me
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 477 they ha
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 479 By “t
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 481 Marshal
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 483 of the
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 485 Departm
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 487 clock o
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Army Pearl Harbor Board 489 the Chi
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493 23. The Navy Court of Inquiry (
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The Navy Court of Inquiry (July 24-
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827 30. Joint Congressional Committ
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Joint Congressional Committee, Pear
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agents, secret, 35, 56, 165 aircraf
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Subject Index 897 objection to Modu
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Subject Index 899 England alliance
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Subject Index 901 Hewitt Inquiry co
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Subject Index 903 Saff ord’s test
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Subject Index 905 Minority Report o
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Subject Index 907 Hewitt Inquiry, t
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Subject Index 909 attack on Kra Pen
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Bold numbers denote photographs Abb
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Name Index 913 Blum, John Morton Fr
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Name Index 915 Cryptolog (Saff ord)
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Name Index 917 Gatch, T.L., 557, 55
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Name Index 919 Hewitt, Kent H. inve
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Name Index 921 JCC Pearl Harbor inv
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Name Index 923 Roberts Commission,
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Name Index 925 Majority Report, 829
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Name Index 927 557n23, 563-66nn47-5
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Name Index 929 George C. Marshall:
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Name Index 931 U.S. bond sale, 211-
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Name Index 933 Saff ord’s testimo
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Name Index 935 Strong, George V., 3
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Name Index 937 White House Physicia
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