Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ...
Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ... Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ...
Joint Congressional Committee, Pearl Harbor Attack: Part 1 619 Joint Congressional Committee ( JCC) Established Th e Republicans in Congress, anxious to learn the truth, demanded a further investigation. Senator Ferguson urged the establishment of a committee to investigate the attack, 5 and on September 6 Barkley introduced a concurrent resolution similar to Ferguson’s proposal. 6 Th e Senate debate was subdued and polite. 7 It was agreed that the record so far was incomplete, confusing, and confl icting. Barkley proposed an inquiry of such dignity and authenticity as to convince the Congress and the country and the world that no eff ort has been made to shield any person who may have been directly or indirectly responsible for this disaster, or to condemn unfairly or unjustly any person who was in authority, military, naval, or civilian, at the time or prior thereto. Barkley’s Concurrent Resolution 27 set up a Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack ( Joint Congressional Committee, or JCC) with broad authority to make a full and complete investigation of the facts relating to the events and circumstances leading up to or following the attack made by Japanese armed forces upon Pearl Harbor in the Territory of Hawaii on December 7, 1941. 5 Th e New York Times, September 6, 1945, p. 1. See also Joint Committee, Pearl Harbor Attack, part 1, p. 14, which reprints Ferguson’s suggestion from the Congressional Record, September 6, 1945. 6 Th e New York Times, September 7, 1945, p. 7. See also Joint Committee, Pearl Harbor Attack, part 1, p. 13, which reprints Barkley’s concurrent resolution from the Congressional Record, September 6, 1945. 7 Congressional Record, September 6, 1945, reprinted in Joint Committee, Pearl Harbor Attack, part 1, pp. 10–23.
620 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy Th e committee was to complete its testimony in four months and report to the Senate and House “not later than January 3, 1946.” Th e resolution was passed unanimously by the Senate on September 6, 1945, and by the House on September 11. 8 Ten members of Congress, all lawyers, were appointed to the committee. 9 On the Senate side, three Democrats: Barkley of Kentucky, chairman; Walter F. George of Georgia; and Scott W. Lucas of Illinois; and two Republicans: Owen Brewster of Maine and Ferguson of Michigan. On the House side, three Democrats: Jere Cooper of Tennessee, vice Chairman; J. Bayard Clark of North Carolina and John W. Murphy of Pennsylvania; and two Republicans: Bertrand W. Gearhart of California and Frank B. Keefe of Wisconsin. William D. Mitchell, who had served as solicitor general for four years under Calvin Coolidge and attorney general for four years under Herbert Hoover, was selected to serve as general counsel. 10 Gerhard A. Gesell was named Mitchell’s chief assistant counsel, with Jule M. Hannaford and John E. Masten as assistant counsels. 11 Barkley stated that the JCC should conduct its investigation “without partisanship or favoritism. . . . Such an investigation should look solely to the ascertainment of the cold, unvarnished, indisputable facts so far as they are obtainable.” 12 Senator David I. Walsh of Massachusetts had praised Barkley for having “lifted this question above partisanship, and made an appeal for what the country wants—a high-minded, clean, judicial investigation 8 Joint Committee, Pearl Harbor Attack, part 1, pp. 3–4. 9 Ibid., p. 4. 10 Ibid., part 4, p. 1587. 11 Ibid., part 1, p. 4. 12 Ibid., p. 12.
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Joint Congressional Committee, <strong>Pearl</strong> <strong>Harbor</strong> Attack: Part 1 619<br />
Joint Congressional Committee ( JCC)<br />
Established<br />
Th e Republicans in Congress, anxious to learn the truth,<br />
dem<strong>and</strong>ed a further investigation. Senator Ferguson urged the<br />
establishment <strong>of</strong> a committee to investigate the attack, 5 <strong>and</strong> on<br />
September 6 Barkley introduced a concurrent resolution similar<br />
to Ferguson’s proposal. 6<br />
Th e Senate debate was subdued <strong>and</strong> polite. 7 It was agreed<br />
that the record so far was incomplete, confusing, <strong>and</strong> confl icting.<br />
Barkley proposed an inquiry<br />
<strong>of</strong> such dignity <strong>and</strong> authenticity as to convince the Congress<br />
<strong>and</strong> the country <strong>and</strong> the world that no eff ort has been made<br />
to shield any person who may have been directly or indirectly<br />
responsible for this disaster, or to condemn unfairly or unjustly<br />
any person who was in authority, military, naval, or civilian, at<br />
the time or prior thereto.<br />
Barkley’s Concurrent Resolution 27 set up a Joint Committee on<br />
the Investigation <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Pearl</strong> <strong>Harbor</strong> Attack ( Joint Congressional<br />
Committee, or JCC) with broad authority to<br />
make a full <strong>and</strong> complete investigation <strong>of</strong> the facts relating to<br />
the events <strong>and</strong> circumstances leading up to or following the<br />
attack made by Japanese armed forces upon <strong>Pearl</strong> <strong>Harbor</strong> in<br />
the Territory <strong>of</strong> Hawaii on December 7, 1941.<br />
5 Th e New York Times, September 6, 1945, p. 1. See also Joint Committee, <strong>Pearl</strong><br />
<strong>Harbor</strong> Attack, part 1, p. 14, which reprints Ferguson’s suggestion from the<br />
Congressional Record, September 6, 1945.<br />
6 Th e New York Times, September 7, 1945, p. 7. See also Joint Committee, <strong>Pearl</strong><br />
<strong>Harbor</strong> Attack, part 1, p. 13, which reprints Barkley’s concurrent resolution<br />
from the Congressional Record, September 6, 1945.<br />
7 Congressional Record, September 6, 1945, reprinted in Joint Committee, <strong>Pearl</strong><br />
<strong>Harbor</strong> Attack, part 1, pp. 10–23.