Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ...
Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ... Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ...
The Navy Court of Inquiry (July 24–October 19, 1944) 515 Anglo-Saxon nations and Japan. . . . [T]he time of the breaking out of this war may come quicker than anyone dreams.” Saff ord: Th at was not sent . . . neither to [Kimmel] nor [Hart in Manila]. 85 Saff ord knew of one attempt to disseminate intercept information to Kimmel and Bloch. Commander McCollum, chief of the Far Eastern section of naval intelligence, “wrote up a long message about 4 or 5 or 6 pages long, approximately 500 words, giving a complete and brief and very forceful summary of developments up to that time, up to 4 December, 1941.” On the afternoon of December 4, Saff ord had been in the offi ce of Admiral Leigh Noyes, director of naval communications, when Captain Th eodore S. Wilkinson, director of the offi ce of naval intelligence, came in with McCollum’s message for Kimmel and gave it to Noyes to read. As Noyes fi nished a page, he handed it to Saff ord to read. According to his testimony, It was a very complete summary of what had happened. It began with the withdrawal of Japanese merchant ships from the Atlantic and Indian Oceans in July. It mentioned the evacuation of Japanese Nationals from Malaya and the Netherlands East Indies. It included the fact that diplomatic relations were at an impasse; that neither party would yield, and it had a direct reference to the winds message . . . and said that we considered that this was . . . the signal of execute of the Japanese war plans; that we expected that war was imminent. According to Saff ord, McCollum had done a very thorough job. When Noyes fi nished reading, Wilkinson asked what he thought of it. Noyes responded, “I think it’s an insult to the intelligence of the Commander-in-Chief.” 85 Ibid., p. 782. For Tokyo-Berlin message, see part 12, pp. 204–05.
516 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy According to Saff ord’s testimony, Wilkinson disagreed, saying Admiral Kimmel is a very busy man and may not see the picture as clearly as you and I do. I think it only fair to the Commander-in-Chief that he be given this information and I am going to send it if I can get it released by the front offi ce. Wilkinson then left, Saff ord presumed, to see Admiral Royal E. Ingersoll, assistant CNO, and to have the message released. Until November 1943, Saff ord had assumed that it had been sent. But it hadn’t! 86 CNO Admiral Stark’s Memory is Poor Admiral Stark was then called back to the witness stand and asked about specifi c messages. His November 24 message to the fi eld commanders “may well have been based upon or certainly had taken into consideration” the Japanese intercepts. It had warned that a “favorable outcome of negotiations with Japan very doubtful. . . . [A] surprise aggressive movement in any direction including attack on Philippines or Guam is a possibility.” 87 Moreover, the November 27 “war warning” message announced, “Negotiations with Japan . . . have ceased and an aggressive move by Japan is expected within the next few days . . . against either the Philippines Th ai or Kra peninsula or possibly Borneo.” 88 In his messages to the fi eld commanders Stark had not mentioned any of the Japanese-announced deadlines in his dispatches; he “had become leery of dates.” “If I had set a date of the 25th, for example,” he said, 86Ibid., part 33, pp. 774–75. 87Ibid., p. 788; see CNO Dispatch 242005, part 14, p. 1405. 88Ibid., part 33, p. 789; see CNO Dispatch 272337, part 14, p. 1406.
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516 <strong>Pearl</strong> <strong>Harbor</strong>: <strong>The</strong> <strong>Seeds</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Fruits</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Infamy</strong><br />
According to Saff ord’s testimony, Wilkinson disagreed,<br />
saying<br />
Admiral Kimmel is a very busy man <strong>and</strong> may not see the<br />
picture as clearly as you <strong>and</strong> I do. I think it only fair to the<br />
Comm<strong>and</strong>er-in-Chief that he be given this information <strong>and</strong> I<br />
am going to send it if I can get it released by the front <strong>of</strong>fi ce.<br />
Wilkinson then left, Saff ord presumed, to see Admiral Royal E.<br />
Ingersoll, assistant CNO, <strong>and</strong> to have the message released. Until<br />
November 1943, Saff ord had assumed that it had been sent. But<br />
it hadn’t! 86<br />
CNO Admiral Stark’s Memory is Poor<br />
Admiral Stark was then called back to the witness st<strong>and</strong><br />
<strong>and</strong> asked about specifi c messages. His November 24 message<br />
to the fi eld comm<strong>and</strong>ers “may well have been based upon or certainly<br />
had taken into consideration” the Japanese intercepts. It<br />
had warned that a “favorable outcome <strong>of</strong> negotiations with Japan<br />
very doubtful. . . . [A] surprise aggressive movement in any direction<br />
including attack on Philippines or Guam is a possibility.” 87<br />
Moreover, the November 27 “war warning” message announced,<br />
“Negotiations with Japan . . . have ceased <strong>and</strong> an aggressive move<br />
by Japan is expected within the next few days . . . against either<br />
the Philippines Th ai or Kra peninsula or possibly Borneo.” 88<br />
In his messages to the fi eld comm<strong>and</strong>ers Stark had not mentioned<br />
any <strong>of</strong> the Japanese-announced deadlines in his dispatches;<br />
he “had become leery <strong>of</strong> dates.” “If I had set a date <strong>of</strong> the 25th, for<br />
example,” he said,<br />
86Ibid., part 33, pp. 774–75.<br />
87Ibid., p. 788; see CNO Dispatch 242005, part 14, p. 1405.<br />
88Ibid., part 33, p. 789; see CNO Dispatch 272337, part 14, p. 1406.